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I.T In The Development Of India’s Infrastructure
By DR T.H. CHOWDARY
Director: Center for Telecom Management and StudiesChairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 6667-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 6667-1111, [email protected]
[email protected] @ Institution of Engineers, HYD:Sunday the 24 Feb 2008
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 2
Two varieties of Infrastructures (1)
The hard part consists of :• Road ways • Railways • Airways and Airports • Water ways ( river & sea) and Ports and Harbours • Power & Power Grids• Dams & Rives; National Water Grid ( as in Israel)
and Irrigation Networks
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 3
Two varieties of Infrastructures (2)
The soft infrastructure comprises of
• Education
• Health
• Judicial Courts
• National Security
• Defence Systems
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 4
ICTs Comprise of
• (Obsolete): Telegraph, telex, Fax?• Current: Telephones (mobiles: 3.5 bln & fixed phones 1.5 bln)
– PCs; Laptops; Internet– GPS.GIS; TV [Over the air & cable]– Radio [digital, FM]– LANs, WANs, MANs,-Wifi; WiMAX– Email – Optical Fiber Cable [undersea & underground]– Microwave Radio: Satellite & Terrestrial
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 5
ICTs Permeate
• ICTs Permeate as well as are an Infrastructure by themselves:
• Facilitating economic and fast construction,
operation and performance of other
infrastructures
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 6
Hard Part of ICT Infrastructure
• Electronic/Photonic highways of optical
fiber cables & (underground & undersea)
micro-wave radio (terrestrial i/c wifi,
wiMax; and satellite)
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 7
Soft Part of ICT Infrastructure
• Computers, computer networks, Internet, Websites• Software• Search Engines• Security Systems• Anti-Viruses;• Anti-hacking• Anti-crime• Freedom on the Net………..
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 8
Hard ICT Infra-structure providers
• BSNL, MTNL & P-Telcos• Rail Telecommunications• GAIL• PGCL• Cable TV companies • Numerous Satellite & (INTELSAT, INMARSAT)• Undersea Cable systems like SeMeWe, FLAG, TYCO;…..• SWANs• VPNs .. (Eg. SIFY)
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 9
ICTs as Facilitators of other Infrastructures
• e-MIS, e-Procurement,
• Operational enhancement
• Process & Operations Control [Power
Stations & distribution]
• Planning Aids; GIS; GPS
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 10
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• GPS & GIS for planning and execution of every projects - railways, roadways, airways or airports, water ways, power and power grids, dams and rivers etc.
• Digitised maps and their storage in web
sites and access to them from anywhere.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 11
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• The passenger reservation of the Railways benefits tens of millions of people. Now tickets can be purchased and reservation can be made on the Internet.
• ICT-based signaling, Railways are able to move more trains on the same track and faster.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 12
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
Air traffic control is totally based on ICTs. Night landing & instrument landing are entirely ICT –based. The training of pilots is also IT-based.
• The handling of cargo, customs clearances in Ports and Harbours Singapore Port Authority is the greatest example of the most efficient operation and utilisation of the port capacity by use of ICT.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 13
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• Israel conserves every drop of rain that falls; stored and distributed through the national water grid. The utilization of water for different types of plants, in different quantities, is all computer and telecom network assisted.
• Electricity networks use SCADA and telemetry.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 14
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• E-learning based upon Internet and on the ICT networks is making possible life-long learning and the migration of knowledge-workers from one type of work to another and even from one country to another, depending upon the demand.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 15
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• Hospital administration and health care including health education use. Shankar Nethralaya, Fortis, Apollo Hospitals are hospital chains which are pooling talent and delivering health care by using ICT networks.
• Intensive Care Units (ICU) in different locations are under the surveillance of the most talented doctors, not distributed in every hospitals but in a central location.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 16
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• Tele-medicine and even tele-surgery are helping the health care. In Andhra Pradesh, EMRI conceived and installed and operated by Byraju Foundation funded by Satyam Computer service is an example of ICT-based medical service
• Use of IT in the High Courts and the Supreme Court is improving the efficiency of the hearing of cases and delivery of judgments and their access to lawyers and public.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 17
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• National security, is increasingly dependent upon the use of ICTs.
• Narco tests, night vision equipped helicopters, IT networks for intelligence agencies are improving the efficiency of anti-terrorist activities.
• Satellite tracking and imagery of the hide outs of Maoists is another application.
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 18
Some Applications in Some Infrastructures
• Electronic warfare is reducing the toll of human life in war. Tanks, armored vehicles and even soldiers are fitted with ICT-devices and commanders from remote areas are able to see the entire battle field and direct individual tanks for kill operations.
• Spy satellites are enabling the defence organizations sizing up the army dispositions in enemy countries .
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 19
Sub-version & Crime on the Net
• China has a 30,000 strong Net (monitoring police)
• USA Counters it by….
• China recruits its best brains to hack US defences
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 20
Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical
• December 2007:British media say Chinese hackers broke into computers of Rolls-Royce, the British airplane-engine maker, and the oil giant Royal Dutch Shell; British authories reportedly issue a blanket warning of more such attacks to come from China
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 21
Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical
• SUMMBER 2007: Governments of Germany, Australia, New Zealand and Britain report intrusions from what are alleged to be Chinese sources
• July 2006: Chinese hackers break inot the US Commerce Department bureau responsible for exporting software and technology
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 22
Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical
• July 2004: South Korea’s intelligence office says Chinese hackers are responsible for attacking 10 government agencies
• 2003-2005: A series of concerted hacker attacks on US government facilities, code-named Titan Rain, is blamed on Chinese hackers
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 23
Dangerous Vulnerabilities
• The more computer & software dependent an infrastructure is the more vulnerable it is to cyber-attacks
• National power grids• Air Traffic controls• Railway signalling and goods
carriage/distribution• National Telecoms
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 24
Dangerous Vulnerabilities
• National defences especially, missile, air-force, radar, eves-dropping intelligence
• Anti-terrorism operations & data bank networks (profiling passports, visa & Interpol)
• Banking System• Stock-exchanges & international trade• R & D and Education networks•
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 25
US & China
• US & China are engaged in the most deadly cyber battles
• China continuously hacks Pentagon & other defences
• China has a 30,000 strong IT-trained cyber police• US assaults, “The Great Fire-Wall of China” &
Saudi Arabia, S Korea & Iran; spends $164 mln on this exercise
• US funds, “Reporters Without Borders” Program
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 26
The use of IT can be summed up by this shloka from the Bhagawad
Gita.
Sarvatah pani-padam tat Sarvato'ksi-siro-mukham Sarvatah shrutimal loke Sarvam avrtya tishthati (B.G. 13.13)
• (It has its hands and feet every where, its eyes and head and mouth every where, in all the worlds is it in its splendour, it is pervading all space).
•
THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 27
DHANYWAD:
THANK YOU