It - UNAM-Históricas · in the composition of the Techialoyan manuscripts, characterized by Donald Robertson a

five and

tt of will

DON DIEGO GARCiacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMAmale A TECHIALOYAN MASTERMINDOur

It is bull pe~ STEPHANIE WOOD Our

One of the most puzzling aspects of the unusual Techialoyan manushyscripts of colonial Mexico is the question of authorship Thanks to the painstaking work of Donald Robertson who made a catalog of all known Techialoyan codices and published it in the Handbook al Mid~ die American lndians in 1975 we do have a sound knowledge of the basic features of the genre1 But scholars are still asking precisely when were these manuscripts made By whom Were they composed and distributed by a school of forgers Were they prepared with the express purpose of fooling the courts into believing they were ancient and leshygitimate corporate land titles in the native tradition Or were they made primarily for the sake of the communities they served to fill the void of missing titles and strengthen the collective memory of age-old claims How much local input do they contain Can the town histories and genealogical and territorial claims be substantiated How accurate were those claims

This study will provide evidence that a cacique who made his liv~ ing at least partly as a muleteer and who was residing in Azcapotzalco at the opening of the eighteenth century was apparently involved in the manufacture andjor distribution of Techialoyan codices and posshysibly caciques genealogies grants of privilege and coats of arros The story of his activities and family tIacutees provides sorne tentative answers te the questions posed aboye raises new questions and sheds light on an additionalpurpose for the codices -to substantiate the role of various cacique families in founding towns in central Mexico The legal records surrounding the arrest of this possible Techialoyan author don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma implicates him in what seems to have been a virtual title manufacturing business The intricate web of evidence that entangles him is more circumstantial than conclusive

1 Robertson 1975

DON DIEGO GARCiacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA A TECHIALOYAN MASTERMIND

STEPHANIE WOOD

One of the most puzzling aspects of the unusual Techialoyan manushyscripts of colonial Mexico is the question of authorship Thanks to the painstaking work of Donald Robertson who made a catalog of all known Techialoyan codices and published it in the Handbook al Midshydie American lndians in 1975 we do have a sound knowledge of the basic features of the genre1 But scholars are still asking precisely when were these manuscripts made By whom Were they composed and distributed by a school of forgers Were they prepared with the express purpose of fooling the courts into believing they were ancient and leshygitimate corporate land titles in the native tradition Or were they made primarily for the sake of the communities they served to fill the void of missing titles and strengthen the collective memory of age-old claims How much local input do they contain Can the town histories and genealogical and territorial claims be substantiated How accurate were those claims

This study will provide evidence that a cacique who made his livshying at least partly as a muleteer and who was residing in Azcapotzalco at the opening of the eighteenth century was apparently involved in the manufacture andjor distribution of Techialoyan codices and posshysibly caciques genealogies grants of privilege and coats of arros The story of his activities and family tIacutees provides sorne tentative answers te the questions posed above raises new questions and sheds light on an additionalpurpose for the codices -to substantiate the role of various cacique families in founding towns in central Mexico The legal records surrounding the arrest of this possible Techialoyan author don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma implicates him in what seems to have been a virtual title manufacturing business The intricate web of evidence that entangles him is more circumstantial than conclusive

1 Robertson 1975

STEPHANIE WOOD246

but it is impressive Perhaps this presentation will enable others to supshypIy the definitive proof2

Don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma was arrested and jailed in 1705 for forging a Nahuatl mapa or tiacutetulo of maguey paper for the community of San Pedro Totoltepec in the Valley of ToIuca In the legal investigation Indian witnesses from Totoltepec toId how they had gone to Mexico City in search of their towns titles Someone they met there in the corridors of the Royal Palace took them to see don Diego The latter acknowledged having their towns tides and offered to produce them for a fifty-peso fee a Another community San Miguel Tarimoro presented a record of payments amounting to nearly two hundred pesos made in small installments to don Diego and sorne accomplices for a set of titles he was to providc them Besides Totoltepec and Tarimoro combined witness testimony points to five more communities alleged to have acquired titles from don Diego Observers described these towns as needing the titles to aid them in their struggles with competitors for landholdings in several central Mexican jurisdictions

The witness with the greatest prestige who testified against don Diego was don Joseph de Luna an attorney for the Audiencia who claimed to have translated several of these suspect documents from the Nahuatl to Spanish Of don Diego and the titles he was charged with making Luna declared se entretiene y ocupa en este havilidad hacieacutendolos para los indios que se los piden Luna further describshyed the manuscripts he had translated as being all of the same style and all composed on maguey paper that was made to look more than a hundred years old Luna was certain they were all false as el mismo papel lo manifiesta5 The fact that the paper impressed Luna so much is significant for the unusual paper of the Techialoyans is one of their most immediately distinguishable features The distinctive paper used in the composition of the Techialoyan manuscripts characterized by Donald Robertson altiexcl coarse-grained unsized dark brown amad pamiddot per could easily fit Lunas description especially sin ce amatl paper has often been confused with maguey paper~ Techialoyan 739 from

la It should be remembered that there are many slight1y different styles reshypresented in the Techialoyan manuscripts suggesting that they were made by difshyferent hands

3 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 Ibidem 5 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 2r and 5 vta 6 Robertson 1975254 See a discllssion of these papers in von Hagen 1944

61-65

San Pedro Zictepc and that of San the Azcapotzalc himself admitted painted and wr from maguey shypeople could easi]

U nfortunately translated by LUI litigation nor hl twentieth-century identification of other hand the attributed to hin are quite incrim reminiscent of tI

Before taking to review the w were primarily w folio large pane paper The texts scraviling unatta ters such as h from one manus involved in their type that fades watercolor and d forms Typically and its subdivisil quest church co tion of the tow genealogy of the given over to th~ ings This latter to substantiate o

The TotoItep texto The corresI lator are only d(

1 Robertson 1 11 AGN Tierras 1) Robertson H

246 STEPHANIE WOOD

but it is impressive Perhaps this presentation wiIl enable others to supshyply the definitive proof2

Don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma was arrested and jailed in 1705 for forging a Nahuatl mapa or tiacutetulo of maguey paper for the community of San Pedro Totoltepec in the Valley of Toluca In the legal investigation Indian witnesses from Totoltepec told how they had gone to Mexico City in search of their towns titles Someone they met there in the corridors of the Royal Palaee took them to see don Diego The latter acknowledged having their towns titles and offered to produce them for a fifty-peso fee a Another eommunity San Miguel Tarimoro presented a record of payrnents amounting to nearly two hundred pesos made in small installments to don Diego and sorne accomplices for a set of titles he was to providc them Besides Totoltepec and Tarimoro combined witness testimony points to five more communities alleged to have acquired titles from don Diego Observers described these towns as needing the titles to aid them in their struggles with competitors for landholdings in several central Mexican jurisdictions

The witness with the greatest prestige who testified against don Diego was don Joseph de Luna an attorney for the Audiencia who claimed to have translated several of these suspeet documents from the Nahuatl to Spanish Of don Diego and the titles he was charged with making Luna declared se entretiene y ocupa en este havilidad hacieacutendolos para los indios que se los piden Luna further describshyed the manuscripts he had translated as being all of the same style and all composed on maguey paper that was made to look more than a hundred years old Luna was certain they were all false as el mismo papel lo manifiesta5 The fact that the paper impressed Luna so much is significant for the unusual paper of the Techialoyans is one of their most immcdiately distinguishable features The distinetivc paper used in the eomposition of the Techialoyan manuscripts eharacterized by Donald Robertson altiexcl eoarse-grained unsized dark brown amad pashyper eould easily fit Lunas description especially sin ce amad paper has often been confused with maguey paper~ Teehialoyan 739 from

la It should be remembered that there are many slight1y different styles Teshy

presented in the Techialoyan manuscripts suggesting that they were made by difshyferent hands


61-65

DON DIEGO GARGIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA 247

San Pedro Zictepec was once believed to have been made from maguey pshy and that of San Pablo Huyxoapan number 717 has been known as

the Azcapotzalco Maguey Manuscript 7 Furthermore don Diego ed himself admitted that the titles he gave the people of Totoltepec werc ler painted and written on andent paper that looked like it was made a from maguey -suggesting that he knew it was not maguey but that )w people could easily be fooled8

~ne Unfortunately none of the tides made from the maguey paper see translated by Luna and alSociated with don Diego are included in the nd Htigation nor have any of these particular tides been identified in ity twentieth-century scholarship These two crucial facts bar the definitive to identification of don Diego as a Techialoyan manufacturero On thc

~go other hand the translation and description of the Totoltepec titles des attributed to him are not only included in the records and buth they ive are quite incriminating In format and content they are strikingly go reminiscent of the known Tcchialoyan codices

in Before taking a closer look at the Totoltepec titles it seems prudent tral te review the basic Techialoyan type The Techialoyan manuscripts

were primarily written and painted on single sheets (in single or double ion folio large panel and long strip formats) of the thick dark amad ~ho papero The texts and glosses are in Nahuatl and are written in large om scrayling unattached letters An examination of the most notable letshyged ters such as h y q and z reveals slight variations in handwriting dad from one manuscript to the next suggesting that many scribes were ribshy involved in their production The ink is of a late colonial European md type that fades lllustrations were apparently painted with a dense n a watercolor and depict landscape architecture and animal and human smo forms TypicalIy the Techialoyan texts narrate the founding of a town luch and its subdivisions the establishing of boundaries the Spanish conshyheir quest church construction the selection of a patron saint the formashyilSCd tion of the town council and they often recount the prehispanic l by genealogy of the nativerulers A major portion of the codices is usually pashy given over to the description and measurement of the town landholdshy

aper ings This latter component seems to highlight their primary purpose rom to substantiate corporate territorial claims1I

The Totoltepec document today consists of four folios of Spanish I reshy

difshytexto The corresponding mapa or illustrations mentioned by the transshylator are only described not reproduced in any artistic formo A sumshy

7 Robertson 1975271 and 277 Gates 1935 8 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 9 vta

944 11 Robertson 1975


San Pedro Zictepec was once believed to have been made from maguey and that of San Pablo Huyxoapan number 717 has been known as the Azcapotzalco Maguey Manuscript 7 Furthermore don Diego himself admitted that the tides he gave the people of Totoltepec werc painted and written on andent paper that looked like it was made from maguey -suggesting that he knew it was not maguey but that peopIe could easily be fooled8

Unfortunately none of the tides made from the maguey paper translated by Luna and alSociated with don Diego are included in the Htigation nor have any of these particular tides been identified in twentieth-century scholarship These two crucial facts bar the definitive identification of don Diego as a Techialoyan manufacturero On thc other hand the translation and description of the Totoltepec titIes attributed to him are not only included in the records and buth they are quite incriminating In format and content they are strikingly reminiscent of the known Tcchialoyan codices

Before taking a closer look at the Totoltepec titIes it seems prudent tr review the basic Techialoyan type The Techialoyan manuscripts were primarily written and painted on single sheets (in single or double folio large panel and long strip formats) of the thick dark amad papero The texts and glosses are in Nahuatl and are written in large scrayling unattached letters An examination of the most notable letshyters such as h y q and z reveals slight variations in handwriting from one manuscript to the next suggesting that many scribes were involved in their production The ink is of a late colonial European type that fades lllustrations were apparently painted with a dense watercolor and depict landscape architecture and animal and human forms TypicalIy the Techialoyan texts narrate the founding of a town and its subdivisions the establishing of boundaries the Spanish conshyquest church construction the selection of a patron saint the formashytion of the town council and they often recount the prehispanic genealogy of the nativerulers A major portion of the codices is usually given over to the description and measurement of the town landholdshyings This latter component seems to highlight their primary purpose to substantiate corporate territorial claims1I

The Totoltepec document today consists of four folios of Spanish texto The corresponding mapa or illustrations mentioned by the transshylator are only described not reproduced in any artistic formo A sum-

7 Robertson 1975271 and 277 Gates 1935 8 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 9 vta 11 Robertson 1975

248 STEPHANlE WOOD

mary oiacute the substantive matter reveals how weIl the manuscript conshyiacuteorms to the Techialoyan genre The text begins byannouncing the townspeoples assembly at the casas reales (municipal palace- -probshyably tupan in the original Nahuatl version )in 1545 Presiding is don Antonio de Mendoza repartidor de tierras -apparently a reference to the viceroy (1535-50) the single most ubiquitous Spanish official in the Techialoyan texts typically appearing in the capacity oiacute land distributor10 The purpose oiacute the assembly that instigated the document according to the narrator is to tell oiacute the iacuteoundation oiacute the town and describe its landholdings including the properties oiacute its subordinate communities This immediately becomes the focus of the narrative Interspersed are occasional comments about prehispanic land divisions under the central Mexican rulers Axayacatl and Montezuma the arrishyval of the Christian faith a visit from Viceroy Mendoza to found the town and give it a land grant the construction of the church the designation of land for the support of the church and fighting between the Aztecs and Matlatzincas The final part of the manuscript appears to be a list of what may have originaIly been glosses for maps or illusshytrations describing the size and location of aIl the properties claimed by the town of Totoltepec Entries in the list read in the foIlowing manner Here is the place called measuring and pertaining to such-and-such a settlement

In short the similarity between this format and that of the idenshytified Techialoyan codices is striking -a brief historical text followed by illustrations of properties glossed with toponyrns and land measureshyments Five of the seventeen parcels pertaining to Totoltepec and Iacutets sujetos measure the usual eight hundred cordeles (cords -a like1y translation of mecatl) A1l the other parcels are of a size similar1y divisible by four and found in most Techialoyan manuscripts The corshydel incidentally is said in the text to be equivalent to five varas matlatzincas (In a translation of the codex for San Antonio Techiashyloyan the cordel is said to equal fifty Spanish varas when being used to measure major land extensions and as little as five Spanish varas for short distances) u

There are further links between the Totoltepec manuscript and the substance of many Techialoyan codices Black ink is referred to in the Totoltepec translation seven times in the short space of three and a half pages Where this manuscript reads sentildealamos con tinta

10 Mendoza is found in at least manuscripts 701 703 708 712 713 716 717 722 723 724 731 733 and 744 Robertson 1975 passim

11 Olaguibel 1975-176

DON

negra one may quitous in the Te tion tictlilmachi( black can be fe surely others12 1 that the TotoItepe that papel de J amad Fina1ly served the original Conxepxiontzi (S Mateo) These an found in many a as can be seen in orthography for p irregular and notl mordiacuteal titles out

An additional examination here in a verifiable sIo point in the text ( sic Axa yacatl o later axaxayatzir zuma su Ultimo coupled with a m torical account fro recorded on sorne papers in Toluca proof that they h titles there is a re monarch Montez1

The historical in the Totoltepec references to Aztelt record may encorniexcl zalez an Indian ni

12 G6mez de Oro University oiacute CaIUumlOll Preussischer Kulturbesi Harvard

13 James Lockhar 1~ AGN Tierras 1

248 STEPHANlE WOOD

mary of the substantive matter reveals how weIl the manuscript conshyforms to the Techialoyan genre The text begins byannouncing the townspeoples assembly at the casas reales (municipal palace- -probshyably tupan in the original Nahuatl version )in 1545 Presiding is don Antonio de Mendoza repartidor de tierras -apparently a reference to the viceroy (1535-50) the single most ubiquitous Spanish official in the Techialoyan texts typically appearing in the capacity of land distributor10 The purpose of the assembly that instigated the document according to the narrator is to tell of the foundation of the town and describe its landholdings including the properties of its subordinate communities This immediately becomes the focus of the narrative Interspersed are occasional comments about prehispanic land divisions under the central Mexican rulers Axayacatl and Montezuma the arrishyval of the Christian faith a visit from Viceroy Mendoza to found the town and give it a land grant the construction of the church the designation of land for the support of the church and fighting between the Aztecs and Matlatzincas The final part of the manuscript appears to be a list of what may have originaIly been glosses for maps or illusshytrations describing the size and location of aIl the properties claimed by the town of Totoltepec Entries in the list read in the foIlowing manner Here is the place called measuring and pertaining to such-and-such a settlement





~

249 DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA

conshy negra one may assume that the Nahuatl verb tlilmachiotia so ubishy the quitous in the Techialoyan corpus was originally used The construcshy)rob- tion tictlilmachiotia we write it or (literally) we manifest it in don black can be found in Techialoyans 701 718 722 724 733 and

ence surely others12 The phrase en este papel de palma substantiates Idal that the Totoltepec titles were composed on native papero One suspects land that papel de palma was the translators confused equivalent of tlent amatl Finally and most crucially the translator consciously preshyand served the original orthography of two of the placenames Xanta Malia

inate Conxepxiontzi (Santa Mariacutea Concepcioacuten) and Xan Mateotzin (San ltive Mateo) These are highly reminiscent oI the renditions of saints names sions found in many and probably all oI the known Techialoyan codices amshy as can be seen in the table below Furthermore while this is standard I the orthography for placenames in the Techialoyan manuscripts it is very

the irregular and nothing quite like it has been seen in the Nahuatl prishyween mordial titles outside the Techialoyan grouplS pears An additional element in the text of the titles oI Totoltepec merits illusshy examination here for it may help to fix this manuscript and its oriacutegin imed in a verifiable slot in the ethnohistory of the Toluca Valley At one Wing point in the text there is mentIacuteon of el gran Prinsipe axaxayatzin lning (sic Axayacatl conqueror of the Toluca Valley in the 1470s) and

later axaxayatzin Motezumatzin el menor del gran monarca Moteshyiexcldenshy zuma su Ultimo hijo el gran Prinsipe 14 The second reference is bwed coupled with a mention oI fighting among the Matlatzinca The bisshy

torical account Irom which this information was gleaned is said to be recorded on sorne folios in the possession of los Toluquentildeos Those papers in Toluca the elders of Totoltepec c1aim in their titles provide proof that they have always been faithful vassals EIsewhere in the titles there is a relerence to a visit made to Totoltepec by the great monarch Montezuma

The historical record of the prehispanic Toluca region referred to in the Totoltepec titles may actually have served as a source for its references to Aztec leaders and preconquest territorial divisions That record may encompass the Nahuatl documents left by don Pablo Gonshyzalez an Indian noble from Tula who was appointed juez by Viceroy

12 G6mez de Orezco 1948 McAfee Collection Microfilm Special Collections University oiacute California Los Angeles (hereafter UCLASC) Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Ms Amerika No 7 Hemenway Codex Tmzer Library Harvard716

13 James Lockhart personal communication 1983 Wood 1984312-313 lA AGN Tierras 1795 exp 4 r 83

DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA 249

negra one may assume that the Nahuatl verb tlilmachiotia so ubishyquitous in the Techialoyan corpus was original1y used The construcshytion tictlilmachiotia we write it or (literally) we manifest it in black can be found in Techialoyans 701 718 722 724 733 and surely others12 The phrase en este papel de palma substantiates that the Totoltepec titles were composed on native papero Qne suspects that papel de palma was the translators confused equivalent of amatl Finally and most crucially the translator consciousIy preshyserved the original orthography of two of the placenames Xanta Malia Conxepxiontzi (Santa Mariacutea Concepcioacuten) and Xan Mateotzin (San Mateo) These are highly reminiscent oI the renditions of saints names found in many and probably all oI the known Techialoyan codices as can be seen in the table below Furthermore while this is standard orthography for placenames in the Techialoyan manuscripts it is very irregular and nothing quite like it has been seen in the Nahuatl prishymordial titles outside the Techialoyan grouplS

An additional element in the text of the titles of Totoltepec merits examination here for it may help to fix this manuscript and its oriacutegin in a verifiable sIot in the ethnohistory of the Toluca Valley At one point in the text there is mention of el gran Prinsipe axaxayatzin (sic Axayacatl conqueror of the Toluca Valley in the 1470s) and later axaxayatzin Motezumatzin el menor del gran monarca Moteshyzuma su Ultimo hijo el gran Prinsipe 14 The second reference is coupled with a mention of fighting among the Matlatzinca The hisshytorical account from which this information was gleaned is said to be recorded on sorne folios in the possession of los Toluquentildeos Those papers in Toluca the elders of Totoltepec c1aim in their titles provide proof that they have always been faithful vassals EIsewhere in the titles there is a reference to a visit made to Totoltepec by the great monarch Montezuma


12 G6mez de Orezco 1948 McAfee Collection Microfilm Special Collections University oiacute California Los Angeles (hereafter UCLASC) Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Ms Amerika No 7 Hemenway Codex Tmzer Library Harvard


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1

EXAMPLES OF TECHIALOYAN ORTHOGRAPHY FOR SAINTS NAMES

SAN ANToNIo SAN BARTOLOMEacute

SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO

Xan Antoniotzin (724)

Xa Paltolome (705) Xan Paltolome (703 724)

Xan Paltolomentzin (724) Xa Clixtopal (724)

Xata Clox (705)

Xato Tomiacuteneo (703)

Xa Pelipe (712)

Xa Palazizco (724) Xan PalacIacutezco (725)

Xa Xelonimo (703)

Xa Xihua Xa Xihuan (724) Xa Xihuan (703 705)

Xate Malie (701) Xanta Malia (703) Xate Malia (705) Xate Malietzin (708) Xante Malia Xata Malia Malie (724) Xate Maliatzin Xanta Malieshytzin (733)

Xan Maltin (717 722 746) Xa Maltin (703 724 733) Xa Maltintzin (703 724 733)

Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)

Xa ~iacutequel (724)

Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)

Xa Petolo (703) Xan Petolo (746)

Xantiaeo (724)

DON [

don Antonio de M early colonial custo tors- to settle a d distribute land to 1 luca15 The comple remnants of it do ments were present and early seventeeIl of the Marquesado The defense preser of the royal doma prehispanic divisior ed a lengthy histol the Aztec conqueS1 designation of pue loleo Azcapotzalco ment of lands to I

the territorial reaITl demands the Mare

The question touehed Totoltepec teo Ateneo until it Ateneo was one oi from the Marques boring pueblos wh royal tribute dom probably had acce and may have so domain In additi eludes and the alt manuseript contair the royal jurisdict oiacute the translation servicios or los

SOURCES Goacutemez de Orozco 1948 appendix (701 703 and 705) Cataacutelogo de Ilustraciones vol 5 1979 174-180 (703) Robertson 1959 (705) Gaiarza 1980 (705) McAfee Collection Oversize Package UCLASC (708) Barlow 1947b 277 (712) Gates 1935 (717) Hemenway Codex Tozzer Library Harvard (724) Robertson 1960 129 Robertson 1975 279 (725 and 746) and figure 86 Staatsshybibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Ms Amerika No 7 (733)

le vasallos Whil the flavor of the

15 Zorita 1963 1984384

16 AGN Hospitl 11 Gerhard 197

250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)

Xa Xihua Xa Xihuan (724) Xa Xihuan (703 705) Xate Malie (701) Xanta Malia (703) Xate Malia (705) Xate Malietzin (708) Xante Malia Xata Malia Malie (724) Xate Maliatzin Xanta Malieshytzin (733)


Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)

Xa ~iacutequel (724) Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

SOURCES Goacutemez de Orozco 1948 appendix (701 703 and 705) Cataacutelogo de Ilustraciones vol 5 1979 174-180 (703) Robertson 1959 (705) Galana 1980 (705) McAfee Collection Oversize Package UCLASC (708) Barlow 1947b 277 (712) Gates 1935 (717) Hemenway Codex Tozzer Library Harvard (724) Robertson 1960 129 Robertson 1975 279 (725 and 746) and figure 86 Staatsshybibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Ms Amerika No 7 (733)

251

724)

703

Malla ~ Xata Malleshy

5 724

DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA

don Antonio de Mendoza in 1547 or 1551 -in aeeordanee with the early colonial eustom of employing native authority figures as mediashytors- to settle a dispute over tribute and territorial divisions and to distribute land to Indian individuals in the immediate vicinity of Toshyluea15 The complete record of Gonzalez visita is now lost but some remnants of it do exist today in the National Archives These docushyments were presented as evidence in litigation spanning the sixteenth and earIy seventeenth centuries concerning which pueblos were a part of the Marquesado del Valle and which paid tribute as royal subjects The defense presented by towns desirous of being reeognized as part of the royal domain (which meant a tribute reduction) called upon prehispanic divisions created by Axayacatl and Montezuma It includshyed a lengthy history of the governing dynasties of Toluca their conflicts the Aztec eonquest oiacute the Toluea Valley Matlatzinca resistanee the designation oiacute pueblos by Axayacatl as tributaries oiacute Mexico Tlateshylolco Azeapotzaleo Taeuba and Texcoeo in turn the subsequent allotshyment of lands to each pueblo by Montezuma the Spanish incursion the territorial rearrangement by the Marques del Valle and the excessive demands the Marques made upon his subjects16

The question of royal versus Marquesado dominion apparentIy touched Totoltepec San Pedro Totoltepec was a sujeto of San Mashyteo Atenco until it became independent in the eighteenth eentury and Ateneo was one of the pueblos which had fought hard to be exc1uded fmm the Marquesado Ateneo beeame a stellar example to its neighshyboring pueblos when in 1575 it sueceeded in becoming a town oiacute the royal tribute domainY The elders of the community of Totoltepec probably had aeeess to the litigation records or knew its oral history and may have sought to reassert their own connection to the royal domain In addition to the prehispanic historical matter which it inshyeludes and the actual reference to papers in Toluea the Totoltepec manuscript contains an unusualIy high number of allusions to matters of the royal jurisdiction Nine times in the first three and a half pages of the translation the authors humbly dedicate themselves to los reales servicios or los reales tributos Thrice they call themselves leashyleltiexcl vasallos While not eonc1usive evidence such phrases certainly give the flavor of the sixteenth-century jurisdictional dispute and may inshy

15 Zorita 1963200 Reyes 1980346 On Indian mediators see Wood 1984384

16 AGN Hospital de Jesuacutes 277 Reyes 1980 11 Gerhard 1972 330


don Antonio de Mendoza in 1547 or 1551 -in aeeordanee with the early colonial eustom of employing native authority figures as mediashytors- to settle a dispute over tribute and territorial divisions and to distribute land to lndian individuals in the Iacutemmediate vicinity of Toshyluea15 The complete record of Gonzalez visita is now lost but some remnants of it do exist today in the National Archives These docushyments were presented as evidence in litigation spanning the sixteenth and earIy seventeenth centuries concerning which pueblos were a part of the Marquesado del Valle and which paid tribute as royal subjects The defense presented by towns desirous of being reeognized as part of the royal domain (which meant a tribute reduction) called upon prehispanic divisions created by Axayacatl and Montezuma It includshyed a lengthy history of the governing dynasties of Toluca their conflicts the Aztec eonquest of the Toluea Valley Matlatzinca resistanee the designation of pueblos by Axayacatl as tributarles of Mexico Tlateshylolco Azeapotzaleo Taeuba and Texcoeo in turn the subsequent allotshyment of lands to each pueblo by Montezuma the Spanish incursion the territorial rearrangement by the Marques del Valle and the excessive demands the Marques made upon his subjects16

The question of royal versus Marquesado dominion apparentIy touched Totoltepec San Pedro Totoltepec was a sujeto of San Mashyteo Atenco until it became independent in the eighteenth eentury and Ateneo was one of the pueblos which had fought hard to be exc1uded from the Marquesado Ateneo beeame a stellar example to its neighshyboring pueblos when in 1575 it succeeded in beeoming a town of the royal tribute domainY The elders of the community of Totoltepec probably had aeeess to the litigation records or knew its oral history and may have sought to reassert their own connection to the royal domain In addition to the prehispanic historical matter which it inshyeludes and the actual reference to papers in Toluea the Totoltepec manuscript contains an unusualIy high number of allusions to matters of the royal jurisdiction Nine times in the first three and a half pages of the translation the authors humbly dedicate themselves to los reales servicios or los reales tributos Thrice they call themselves leashyleltiexcl vasallos While not eonclusive evidence such phrases certainly give the flavor of the sixteenth-century jurisdictional dispute and may in-



bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD

dicate that the Totoltepec community was still insecure about its jurisshydictional affiliation18

The relationship suggested by the Totoltepec titles between the Teshychialoyan codices and the sixteenth-century visita of don Pablo Gonshyzalez is highly intriguing A search in the texts of other Techialoyan manuscripts from the Toluca Valley for further links might produce sorne much-needed keys for answering questions about local input Could the visita have served as a source of ethnohistorical information for the broader Toluca-vicinity Techialoyans Perhaps it also served as one of the sources behind the Garciacutea Granados Codex (Techialoyan 715) -which makes assertions about prehispanic dominions- or vice versa19 Sorne of don Pablos papers were apparently in the hands of one of his alleged descendents a dontildea Margarita Villafranca Gonshyzalez de la Cruz in the mid-eighteenth century These were not unshytainted hands either her father was the then-famous Spanish land grant forger Pedro Villafranca20 It may be that various generations of caciques had made use of Gonzalez visita records including don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Mocte~uma himself

Don Diego was certainly in the right place at the right time and also made controversial claims about his noble Indian heritage While he never admitted actualIy making the suspect titles he did admit to distributing sorne of them He claimed that he found these titles next to an old wall in bis house He asserted that this alleged discovery had occurred a few months prior to his arrest -or sometime in the spring of 1705- when he was entangled in a suit by the ecclesiastical court regarding the cacicazgo of his ancestors This perjury never became an issue but it soon became clear that his involvement with the titles went back not just a few months but rather a number of years His protestations similarIy did not preclude his imprisonment that summer

Don Diego admitted accepting thirty-five pesos from the pueblo of Totoltepec for the titles he gave them But that money he implied was not for their manufacture rather it served as compensation for the costs and labor incurred during his litigation with the ecclesiasshytical court21 Don Diego more vigorously contradicted the charge about the manuscript fr~m San Miguel Tarimoro This he claimed was not

18 lE such is the case it would give this Techialoyan manuscript deeper local roots than 1 have discerned for others such as the one from Ocoyacac (733) See ~ood 1984308-313

119 This codex will be described in more detail below 20 ~ood 1984343-355 ~ood nd Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961137-145 21 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 9 vta

DON

a corporate land not make and wl in Otomiacute is inclult ed this manuscri type The paper with the known may not have m and that translat

Don Diego el cestors but it hal for a loan he mal Don Matias ma explain its diffen time entangled in El Charco Azul don Matias used bero of the TariacuteIl El Charco Azul sitesu

While don D is evidence that claimed it to be scholar specifical de Mendoza Mo more on several when people frol toward obtainin~ corporate land a don Gaspar ~ who may have conveyed28

The titles pu

22 Lockhart 1 23 AGN Tiem

were correct he m 2~ Ibidem f 11 25 Ibidem f 1shy26 Fernaacutendez e 21 Ibidem 23iexcl 28 AGN Tiem

zuma was the naml with the Mendoza

I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD




Don Diego admitted accepting thirty-five pesos from the pueblo of Totoltepec for the titles he gave thero But that money he implied was not for their manufacture rather it served as compensation for the costs and labor incurred during his litigation with the ecclesiasshytical court21 Don Diego more vigorously contradicted the charge about the manuscript fr~m San Miguel Tarimoro This he claimed was not




juris- a corporate land title but a record of cacique lineage which he did not make and which was not falseo That elaborately illustrated record

e Teshy in Otomiacute is inc1uded in the proceedings of the case against him GrantshyGonshy ed this manuscript does not conform whatsoever to the Techialoyan loyan type The paper handwriting and illustrative style are more in keeping gtduce with the known examples of titulos primordiales22 While don Diego input may not have made this cacicazgo record he did translate it in 1703 lation and that translation is inc1uded in the proceedings tOO28

erved Don Diego c1aimed that the cacicazgo record pertained to bis anshyloyan cestors but it had only recentIy come into his possession as collateral r vice for a loan he made to a don Matias de Sausedo Toro y Moctezuma24

hands Don Matias may have actually made this document which would Gonshy explain its different style Don Matias was a cacique who was at that It un- time entangled in a conflict with some other Jndians of his community

land El Charco Azul apparently near Aguascalientes25 Jt is instructive that ations don Matias used the surname Toro (among others) and the central ~ don hero of the Tariacutemoro titIes is the conqueror don Pedro Martiacuten de Toro

El Charco Azul is alsq mentioned in the titles as one of the conquered e and sitesu

While While don Diego may not have made this cacicazgo record there nit to is evidence that he was in collusion with don Matias First he also J next c1aimed it to be relevant to his ancestry Second in this century a yhad scholar specifically attributed it to him calling him Diego Garciacutea spring de Mendoza Moctezuma Sentildeor y Cacique de Tezontepec 27 Furthershy

more on several occasions don Matias was in the home of don Diego court when people from the community of Tariacutemoro carne to make payrnents toward obtaining the titles which they believed to be relevant to their corporate land c1aims Also present at least sorne of the time was a don Gaspar Montezuma another probable cousin of don Diegos who may have had a similar vested interest in the noble heritage it conveyed28

The titles pursued by the pueblo of Tariacutemoro and c1aIacutemed as cadshy

22 Lockhart 1982 Wood 1984322-343 23 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 ff 16r-32r If the charges against don Diego

were correct he must have been trilingual a Ibiacutedem flOr 25 Ibidem f 14 2ll Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961237-245 21 Ibiacutedem 237 28 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 4r One wonders if this don Gaspar Monteshy

zuma was the namesake oiacute the elder man who appears in other records associated with the Mendoza Moctezuma family


a corporate land title but a record of cacique lineage which he did not make and which was not falseo That elaborately illustrated record in Otomiacute is inc1uded in the proceedings of the case against him Grantshyed this manuscript does not conform whatsoever to the Techialoyan type The paper handwriting and illustrative style are more in keeping with the known examples of titulos primordiales22 While don Diego may not have made this cacicazgo record he did translate it in 1703 and that translation is inc1uded in the proceedings tOO28

Don Diego c1aimed that the cacicazgo record pertained to bis anshycestors but it had only recentIy come into his possession as collateral for a loan he made to a don Matias de Sausedo Toro y Moctezuma24

Don Matias may have actually made this document which would explain its different style Don Matias was a cacique who was at that time entangled in a conflict with some other Jndians of his community El Charco Azul apparently near Aguascalientes25 Jt is instructive that don Matias used the surname Toro (among others) and the central hero of the Tariacutemoro titIes is the conqueror don Pedro Martiacuten de Toro El Charco Azul is alsq mentioned in the titles as one of the conquered sitesu

While don Diego may not have made this cacicazgo record there is evidence that he was in collusion with don Matias First he also c1aimed it to be relevant to his ancestry Second in this century a scholar specifically attributed it to him calling him Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma Sentildeor y Cacique de Tezontepec 27 Furthershymore on several occasions don Matias was in the home of don Diego when people from the community of Tariacutemoro carne to make payrnents toward obtaining the titles which they believed to be relevant to their corporate land c1aims Also present at least sorne of the time was a don Gaspar Montezuma another probable cousin of don Diegos who may have had a similar vested interest in the noble heritage it conveyed28

The titles pursued by the pueblo of Tariacutemoro and c1aIacutemed as cad-


were correct he must have been triacutelingual a Ibiacutedem flOr 25 Ibidem f 14 2ll Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961237-245 21 Ibiacutedem 237 28 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f 4r One wonders if this don Gaspar Monteshy


i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD

cazgo records by don Diego have been published in part by Guillermo Fernaacutendez de Recas who also compiled and reproduced several other documents relevant to this case Included in these papers is an appeal made by don Diego in 1702 for sorne missing records that would subsshytantiate his iacuteamilys claim to the remnants oiacute a vast encomienda and other privileges once granted to his ancestors His tie to this heritage of wealth and status had been unintentionally severed sometime around 1670 when a don Pedro Ximenez de Mendoza Moctezuma had died intestate In this appcal don Diego outlined an elaborate genealogy that connected himself his children and his brothcrs to a don Diego de Mendoza Austria Moctezuma supposed son of CuauhtemocZ9 His relationship with the eldcr don Diego was of paramount importance to him This may have even been the reason he often dropped the Garda in his name and instead went by don Diego de Mendoza an appellation closer to that oiacute the elder30

The Mendoza Moctezuma genealogy which circulated in several versions or copies has been studied and not being substantiated by other records is considered false 31 Our don Diegos connection with that now famous genealogy incrimimites him even further as a possible manufacturer oiacute contri ved titles And new evidence more clearly links the genealogies to the Techialoyans A recently surfaced and previously unidentified Techialoyan manuscript from Tolcayuca Hidalgo has on its cover a nearly exact copy of the painting of Diego de Mendoza Austria Moctesuma Huichiguil on the version of the Mendoza Mocshytezuma genealogy held in the Archivo Historico of the Museo Nacional de Antropologia32 A more thorough analysis of the new manuscript shall be forthcomingS3

Besides the suspect genealogy at least two mercedes supposedly granted to the eldcr don Diego have been considered spurioUS34 Pershyhaps the younger don Diego was involved in their production or knew someone who was such as the predecessor to the grant forger Pedro

29 Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961 237-247 zo For several examples see AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 ff 4r-71 31 Peacuterez Martiacutenez 1945()262-3 Barlow 1945477 Glass 196449 Glass

(1975a 161-162) gives a fairly thorough bibliographic history of genealogies Ad ditional relevant documentation is found in AGN Tierras 1593

32 The version in the Archivo Histoacuterico has been published in Los coacutedices de Meacutexico 1979 132-133

33 This new manuscript and others including the original version of Techiamiddot loyan 744 and a Techialoyan manuscript for a Santa Mariacutea Iztacapan are curshyrently owned by H P Kraus Rare Books and Manuscripts in New York

34 Barlow 1946424n Castillo 1906544-546 and Riva Palacio (nd) 110-114

Villafranca O by F ernaacutendez family Menda prove ta be of

The timiniexcl the sudden ap suggestive Th Techialoyan ~ Magdalena c lated in that fate for it (o company oiacute tl moro titles WI

Don Dieg per se also ~ sued further are clearIy pn In fact R I genealogy an( key figure that he was g Incidentally codex near 01

and flags Es such as that ( nently as rece

The next Baltasar don tezuma- as( even appears does the yOUl not directly ti son and gran Granados Co

35 Fernaacutend 36 AGN 1 31 AGN 1

left margin of a8 AGN 1 39 Barlow 40 Roberts 41 Barlow

254 STEPHANIE WOOD









255 DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MEND()ZA 1IOCTEZUMA

enno Villafranca One also begins to wonder if the coats of arms published other by Fernaacutendez de Recas pertaining to a don Diego de Mendoza the ppeal family Mendoza Austria Moctezuma and other Mendozas wi11 also subsshy prove ta be of our don Diego s hand (or that of one of his relatives) S5

bull and The timing of don Diegos appeaacutel for missing records in 1702 and dtage the sudden appearal1ce of suspect titles over the next few years is also ound suggestive The translation of the Totoltepec titles was made in 170330

eacute died Teehialoyan 744 from San Cristobal Texealuean and Santa Mariacutea iexclUogy Magdalena Chichicaspa in the hills east oiacute Totoltepec was also transshyiexcl)iego lated in that year Ordered burned in 1707 it apparently survived that ~ Bis fate for it (or another Techialoyan eopy) has recently surfaeed in the tanee eompany of the Tolcayuea Techialoyan mentioned above37 The TariacuteshyJ the mOro tides were also translated -by don Diego himself- in 17033S

pza Don Diegos possible involvement with the Techialoyan eodices per se also becomes more probable as his family eonneetions are purshy

lVeral sued further The elder don Diego and his alleged tic to Cuauhtemoc d by are clearly present in the Teehialoyan Garda Granados Codex (715)with In faet R H Barlpw who reeognized the association between the ~ble genealogy and the eodex believed that the elder don Diego was its ilinks key figure Tracing this man through other reeords Barlow found pusly that he was governor of Santiago Tlatelolco between 1549 and 156239

~ on Incidentally aeeording to Barlow the elder don Diego appears in the Idoza eodex near one comer of an escudo (coat of arms) flanked by Hons Moeshy and flags Escudos are also found in other Teehialoyan manuseripts ~onal sueh as that of Xonaeatlan (723) and as noted above figure promishyICript nently as reeords left by the Mendoza Moetezuma family4Q

The next three heirs in the Hne of rulership of Tlatelolco -don Baltasar don Gaspar and don Melchor de Mendoza de Austria Mocshytezuma- also appear in the Garda Granados Codex and don Juan even appears in yet another Teehialoyan41 In non e of these manuseripts does the younger don Diego appear He traeed his lineagc however not direetly through don Gaspar anddon Melchor but through another son and grandson of don Baltasar This eouId suggest that the Carda Granados Codex was made by or for one of his eousins -a suggestion

as Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961 various plates 36 AGN Tierras 1795 ex) 4 ff 82-85 37 AGN Tierras 1798 exp 1 ff 20-25 The date of 1707 comes from the

leh margin of f 20r 3S AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 ff 25-32 3$ Barlow 1945477 40 Robertson 1975 figure 87 Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961 various plates 41 Barlow 1947a 190-191

DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MEND()ZA 1IOCTEZUMA 255

Villafranca One also begins to wonder if the coats of arms published by Fernaacutendez de Recas pertaining to a don Diego de Mendoza the family Mendoza Austria Moctezuma and other Mendozas wi11 also prove ta be of our don Diego s hand (or that of one of his relatives) S5

The timing of don Diegos appeaacutel for missing records in 1702 and the sudden appearal1ce of suspect titles over the next few years is also suggestive The translation of the Totoltepec titles was made in 170330

Techialoyan 744 from San Cristobal Texcaluean and Santa Mariacutea Magdalena Chichicaspa in the hills east oiacute Totoltepec was also transshylated in that year Ordered burned in 1707 it apparently survived that fate for it (or another Teehialoyan copy) has recently surfaced in the company of the Tolcayuca Techialoyan mentioned above37 The TariacuteshymOro tides were also translated -by don Diego himself- in 17033S

Don Diegos possible involvement with the Techialoyan codices per se also becomes more probable as his family connections are purshysued further The elder don Diego and his alleged tic to Cuauhtemoc are clearly present in the Techialoyan Garda Granados Codex (715) In faet R H Barlpw who recognized the association between the genealogy and the codex believed that the elder don Diego was its key figure Tracing this man through other reeords Barlow found that he was governor of Santiago Tlatelolco between 1549 and 156239

Incidentally according to Barlow the elder don Diego appears in the codex near one corner of an escudo (coat of arms) flanked by Hons and flags Escudos are also found in other Teehialoyan manuscripts such as that of Xonaeatlan (723) and as noted aboye figure promishynently as records left by the Mendoza Moctezuma family4Q

The next three heirs in the Hne of rulership of Tlatelolco -don Baltasar don Gaspar and don Melchor de Mendoza de Austria Mocshytezuma- also appear in the Garda Granados Codex and don Juan even appears in yet another Techialoyan41 In non e of these manuseripts does the younger don Diego appear He traced his lineagc howevcr not directly through don Gaspar anddon Melchor but through another son and grandson of don Baltasar This couId suggest that the Carda Granados Codex was made by or for one of his cousins -a suggestion


leh margin of f 20r 3S AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 ff 25-32 3$ Barlow 1945477 40 Robertson 1975 figure 87 Fernaacutendez de Retas 1961 various plates 41 Barlow 1947a 190-191

256 STEPHANlE WOOD

that may be difficult to prove because the given names oI the last two Mendoza de Austrias depicted in that codex are too mutilated to decipher42

Barrmg any rival Iactions if the claim to the encomienda and other privileges could be established Ior any one of the cousins pre~ sumably they all might gain At any rate we do have further evidence that our don Diego was an mterested party in the history oI rulership in l1ate1olco A witness who testified against him when he was arrested and jailed m 1705 asserted that one oI the other communities he had serviced with a false set of titles was precisely Santiago l1ateloko This was one of those manuscripts made on so-called maguey paper -possibly a Techialoyan43

Another witness in 1705 happened to mentiacuteon that don Diego was the son of an Indian principal (noble) oI Azcapotzalco44 This geograshyphical tie is also important for showing a relationship between don Dieshygo and the Techialoyan codices In his own statement of 1702 don Diego asserted that his ancestors were among the kings of Azcapotzalco Tacuba and Santiago l1atelolco45 The Garda Granados Codex conshytains the glyph of Azcapotzalco and possibly other images copied from the walls of the Tepanec palaces of Azcapotzalco46 Additionally the Garda Granados Codex illustrates the extent of the Azcapotzalco doshymain including among others such Toluca Valley towns as lvfetepec San Miguel Mimiapan Tepezoyuca Xonacatlan Atlapulco and Ocoshy)oacac all of which had Techialoyan manuscripts of their own41

The important role of Azcapotzalco and the Tepanec empire in prehispanic times is similarly evident in a series of three related Techiashyloyan fragments (702 717 and 735) associated with San Pablo Huyshyxoapan m the Valley of Toluca48 One of these manuscripts (717) actual1y pertaining to a town adjoming San Pablo called Santa Cruz Azcapotzalco is the codex known as the Azcapotzalco Maguey Manushyscript The tiacutees between these communities and the Azcapotzalco of the Valley of Mexico were apparently strong in prehispanic times and endured long mto the colonial periodo Rosaura Hernaacutendez Rodriacuteguez has found that oral tradition in the Toluca vicinity at least through

41 Barlow 1946427 Nahuatl wills of don Baltasar (1552) and don Gaspal (1630) found in AGN Tierras 1593 roay shed light on the genealogy

43 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f Sr u Ibidem f 1 vta 4~ Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961 246 46 Glass 196494 Robertson 1975271 ~1 See Hernaacutendez Rodriacuteguez 196622 Robertson 1975 passim 48 Wood 1984307-308

DON

the end of the si Alliance conques Azcapotzalco thri

In summary Moctezuma the are so numerous accused of Iabric record The trans striking like a T4 the Tariacutemoro ca( Tariacutemoro manU8( ties hirn to the fr ciacutea Granados COI

was a resident oi and of great imp vided the town a falSe titulo -F

With this nev don Diego was th sible descendent right place at thl facture and distr conceivable tbat importance of hi founders all over and capture som could make an need of cornmun

The time Ira the seventeenth with an impoIUacuteI in central Mexic4 gram of verifica Leaders of comr panic to procure the surveyors I grams onward re eil officers migh1

49 Hernaacutendez ) 50 Wood 1984

256 STEPHANlE WOOD



Another witness in 1705 happened to mentiacuteon that don Diego was the son of an Indian principal (noble) oI Azcapotzalco44 This geograshyphical tie is also important for showing a relationship between don Dieshygo and the Techialoyan codices In his own statement of 1702 don Diego asserted that his ancestors were among the kings of Azcapotzalco Tacuba and Santiago l1atelolco45 The Garda Granados Codex conshytains the glyph of Azcapotzalco and possibly other images copied from the walls of the Tepanec palaces of Azcapotzalco46 Additionally the Garda Granados Codex illustrates the extent of the Azcapotzalco doshymain including among others such Toluca Valley towns as lvfetepec San Miguel Mimiapan Tepezoyuca Xonacatlan Atlapulco and Ocoshy)oacae all of which had Techialoyan manuscripts of their own41



43 AGN Tierras 1783 exp 1 f Sr u Ibidem f 1 vta 4~ Fernaacutendez de Recas 1961 246 46 Glass 196494 Robertson 1975271 41 See Hernaacutendez Rodriacuteguez 196622 Robertson 1975 passim 48 Wood 1984307-308

257

GaspaI


the end of the sixteenth century was antagonistic toward the Triple Alliance conquest of the Toluca Valley and an identification with Azcapotzalco thrived49

In summary the links between don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma the Totoltepec manuscript and the Techialoyan codices are so numerous as to be more than coincidental We have a man accused of fabricating various town titles and possibly one cacicazgo record The translation of one of the town tides for Totoltepec sounds striking like a Techialoyan manuscript and aH of the others except the Tariacutemoro cacicazgo record are said to be in the same style The Tariacutemoro manuscript which he argued was a record of his ancestry ties him to the fraudulent Mendoza Moctezuma genealogies the Garshyciacutea Granados Codex (Techialoyan 715) and other Techialoyans He was a resident of Azcapotzalco one-time seat of the Tepanec empire and of great importance in Techialoyan 715 He also apparently proshyvided the town where his alleged ancestors reigned Tlatelolco with a false titulo -possibly another Techialoyan manuscript

With this new eyidence it is even more compelling that the elder don Diego was the key figure of the Garciacutea Granados Codex His posshysible descendent the younger don Diego besides having been in the right place at the right time also had sufficient motivation to manushyfacture and distribute this and other Techialoyan codices It is easily conceivable that the younger don Diego was intent on expanding the importance of his supposed ancestors royalty and their role as town founders all over central Mexico in order to increasc his own status and capture sorne of their wea1th and privilege At the same time he could make an incorne from title production by capitalizing on the need of comrnunities struggling to uphold their territorial claims

The time frame in which he operated probably the last years of the seventeenth and first years of the eighteenth centuries coincides with an important wave of title verification in lndian communities in central Mexico lndian town composicuumlmes stemming from this proshygram of verification date principally from the 1690s and 1710-2060

Leaders of communities without corporate titles may have been in a panie to procure sorne record of their claims to serve as a guide for the surveyors In fact surveyors from the earliest eomposicion proshygrarns onward routinely asked for any pinturas (native paintings) counshyeH officers might have to substantiate the territorial boundaries claimshy

419 Hernaacutendez Rodriacuteguez 1954 73 50 Wood 1984 116-141






Leaders of communities without corporate tides may have been in a panic to procure sorne record of their claims to serve as a guide for the surveyors In fact surveyors from the earliest eomposicion proshygrarns onward routinely asked for any pinturas (native paintings) counshyeH officers might have to substantiate the territorial boundaries claim-


258 STEPHANIEWOOD

ed The people of Metepec when queried on two difiacuteerent occasIacuteons earlier in the seventeenth century admitted having no such records but offered to go home and make them51 It is not surprising given this pressure that the people of Metepec eventually acquired a Techialoyan manuscript (704) and two other types of contrived titIes52

Unlike their neighbors in Metepec the people of Tepezoyuca were prepared when surveyors caIled in 1696 They presented a map in the form of a book with twenty leaves of one fingers thickness written in Nahuatl and illustrating the time oiacute Moctezuma the arrival of Cortes the indigenous town founders in native costume town lead ers bearing staves oiacute office and the lands and churches pertaining to the pueblo and its dependencies This description found in the comshyposicioacuten proceedings of that pueblo no doubt refers to the Techialoyan codex (731) in twenty folios from Tepezoyuca That codex and other mercedes primordiales were composed by the authorities in 1696 and legalized again in 1715 and 1720 despite the records obviously questionable legality53 The success enjoyed by Tepezoyuca may have served as a great boon to don Di~gos business

Stronger charges may be flung at don Diego posthumously as more evidence surfaces to connect him with the false mercedes coats of arms and genealogies When the texts of the Techialoyan manuscripts have been studied in greater depth as well they may also prove to contain bJatant efforts to deceive the beholder into believing they were andent codices54 The use of unusual native paper made to look at least a hundred years old already suggests this purpose

Of course sorne oiacute the devious intent inherent in the concept of forgery might not necessari1y apply in the case of don Diego at least not initially55 Don Diego may have been as sincere in his beliefs about his ancestral heritage as he was in his understanding of prehispanic and early colonial central Mexican history And most of the titIes he seems to have made were not exactly copies of sorne concrete anteceshydent replete with forged signatures and the like In keeping with the broader body of Nahuatl primordial titIes known for this period don Diegos works might also be described as misguided as much as deshy

51 AGN Hospital de Jesuacutes vol 15 52 See Wood 198492 353-354 53 AGN Tierras 1873 exp 2 54 See my analysis of the Ocoyacac Techialoyan (733) for evidence of trus

Wood 1984 311-313 55 1 concur with Woodrow Borahs recent remarks (198431-33) about forshy

geries

DOli

liberately contriv( long run as inel within that well bull cacicazgo and ce may have been de as much as a toe tion Given the with other ethnol manuscript and ti pursuing in these

56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD



Stronger charges may be flung at don Diego posthumously as more evidence surfaces to connect him with the false mercedes coats of arms and genealogies When the texts of the Techialoyan manuscripts have been studied in greater depth as well they may also prove to contain bJatant efforts to deceive the beholder into believing they were andent codices54 The use of unusual native paper made to 100k at 1east a hundred years oId already suggests this purpose

Of course sorne oiacute the devious intent inherent in the concept of forgery might not necessari1y app1y in the case of don Diego at least not initially55 Don Diego may have been as sincere in his beliefs about his ancestral heritage as he was in his understanding of prehispanic and early colonial central Mexican history And most of the titIes he seems to have made were not exactly copies of sorne concrete anteceshydent replete with forged signatures and the like In keeping with the broader body oiacute Nahuatl primordial titIes known for this period don Diegos works might also be described as misguided as much as de-



geries

259

asions ds but n this aloyan

L were lap in mess arrival l leadshyaining comshyaloyan other 1696

ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms

~ have ontain lIlcient east a

ept of t least about


liberately contrived 5tl Don Diegos craft -if it is sustained in the long run as including Techialoyan manuscripts- does fall roughly within that well established written tradition intended to support both cacicazgo and corporate territorial claims As such the manuscripts may have been designed toserve as a reminder for an internal audience as much as a tool to use in composicioacuten proceedings and land litigashytion Given the former purpose and the possibilities for comparison with other ethnohistorical records like that provided by the Totoltepec manuscript and the papers of the Toluquentildeos there is still much worth pursuing in these fascinating records

56 Gibson and Glass 1975321




A TRANSCRIPTION OF THE SPANISH TRANSLATION OF THE TOTOLTEPEC MANUSCRIPT

A TENTATIVE TECHIALOYAN

(AGN Tierras volume 1795 expediente 4)

(F 85 r1 tiacutetulos tradusidos en la lengua castellana de la Mexicana Pertenesienshytes al Pueo de Sn Pedro tolctepeque desta Jurisdizon de Sn Josseph de toluca Por Dn Lucas Ximenez Motezuma ssno de los Natues Nombrado Por el Govor del estado Dn Alonso Morales del horden de Alcantara y En este tpo Con memorazon en este mes Y antildeo q se cuentan mill quinientos y quarenta y sinco antildeos = aquiacute en esta poblason llashymado tototepeque Donde nos guarda Nro pe sn Pedro y tambien estan puestas sus Poblasones q todas son pertenesientes ael dho Pueo a quienes oy esta Governando Dn Antonio de Mendossa como reshypartidor de las tierras y se nos dieron Para los Reales servisios por donde se fundo y prinsipio esta Poblason q a tanto tpo la gosamos y para que siempre se sepa como nos dieron las dhas tierras aora y para siempre en esta poblason de nuestras cassas Reales donde nos Congregamos y Juntamos todos los hijos de dha poblason y proprieshytarios de las poblasones y todos los hijos y natues de ellas se hallaron presentes y se Ymprimio con tinta negra este escripto de la poblaron de ellos y sus tiacutetulos = e Yo me nombro Dn Bernardino de Sta Maria Nezagualcoyotzin aquiacute se empeso Y prinsipio el servo nuevo por Su Magd como sus leales Vasallos sus capitanes escuderos y guiacuteas de las poblasones E mandamos con grande fuerza se escriva Con tinta negra Y se hordenen estas hordenansas deestos tiacutetulos este apuntado y sentildealado 10 q es de los naturales p los servisios Reales de su Magestad desdel Agua llamada ametepotztitlan donde se Junta el agua e senbravan

[F 82 vta]

Los Anzianos y Caziques nuestros Padres donde siempre an comido

001

y anduvieron y L donde esta la glOl dise en la Antigt ser Antigua y qu~ de sn Lorenzo P lindero y linda e

en el llano Y so reda de la pobb este llano esta se y los hijos que v puestas las tierras aquiacute lo disponem sepa hasta donde dasion de las poI sus tieras al seriU de sn Matheo y ansianos de las F acudiendo y a le Leales Vazallos I otorgo y consedi( Antonio de MeO( gra en este pape nuestro pueblo F obligazon en el s nen y se corrijan tierras de los nat de los Reales trib poblasones con p s( fundaron las ( de los natues POI dado suio se lo d q siempre se sep

[F 83 r]

Benideros tpamp e siempre lo guarde Perzona les eston para que lo beaz tototepec es de ql sed las tierras lo bro tototepec es




(F 85 r

tiacutetulos tradusidos en la lengua castellana de la Mexicana Pertenesienshytes al Pueo de Sn Pedro tolctepeque desta Jurisdizon de Sn Josseph de toluca Por Dn Lucas Ximenez Motezuma ssno de los Natues Nombrado Por el Govor del estado Dn Alonso Morales del horden de Alcantara y En este tpo Con memorazon en este mes Y antildeo q se cuentan mill quinientos y quarenta y sinco antildeos = aquiacute en esta poblason llashymado tototepeque Donde nos guarda Nro pe sn Pedro y tambien estan puestas sus Poblasones q todas son pertenesientes ael dho Pueo a quienes oy esta Governando Dn Antonio de Mendossa como reshypartidor de las tierras y se nos dieron Para los Reales servisios por donde se fundo y prinsipio esta Poblason q a tanto tpo la gosamos y para que siempre se sepa como nos dieron las dhas tierras aora y para siempre en esta poblason de nuestras cassas Reales donde nos Congregamos y Juntamos todos los hijos de dha poblason y proprieshytarios de las poblasones y todos los hijos y natues de ellas se hallaron presentes y se Ymprimio con tinta negra este escripto de la poblaron de ellos y sus tiacutetulos = e Yo me nombro Dn Bernardino de Sta Maria Nezagualcoyotzin aquiacute se empeso Y prinsipio el servo nuevo por Su Magd como sus leales Vasallos sus capitanes escuderos y guiacuteas de las poblasones E mandamos con grande fuerza se escriva Con tinta negra Y se hordenen estas hordenansas deestos tiacutetulos este apuntado y sentildealado 10 q es de los naturales p los servisios Reales de su Magestad desdel Agua llamada ametepotztitlan donde se Junta el agua e senbravan

[F 82 vta]


261 DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCI1ZUMA

y anduvieron y las amojonaron y llega a la poblason de los naturales donde esta la gloriosa Virgen sta Mariacutea de la compesesion [sicJ y se dise en la Antigueda Xanta malia Conxepxiontzi donde se reCOlllt)Se ser Antigua y que todo el llano se lo lleva Y pertenese hasta el Pueblo de sn Lorenzo Pasada La sogeriacutea hasta al tOISer del serrillo q es el lindero y linda con tierras del Pueblo de sn Matheo todo de halla

~PT en el llano Y son puestos de nro Padre sn Pedro Pazando La Beshyreda de la poblason de sn Lorenzo llaman galexo los Antiguos en este llano esta sentildealado y para que se sepa siempre saviendo ellos y los hijos que viviesen en las poblasones nuestros hijos donde estan puestas las tierras de su Magestad y de los natues como menores todo aquiacute lo disponemos y sentildealamos con tinta negra para que siempre se sepa hasta donde se junta el agua al prinsipio a donde se pone la funshy

tenesienshy dasion de las poblasones de nuestro Pe San Pedro tototepec y llegan Josseph sus tieras al serillo tototepec y da la buelta hasta junto la poblason Natues de sn Matheo y se sentildeala en este tpo nos toca pertenese de nuestros horden ansianos de las poblasones Y nosotros estamos a los servisios Reales

acudiendo y a los mandatos de su magd q Dios gde Y como sus uentan Leales Vazallos por el Rey Nro ssor Y con el gran su poder nos FQn llashy otorgo y consedio p~ sus Reales servisios estando el gran Prinzipe dn tambien Antonio de Mendossa aora lo hordenamos y sentildealamos con tinta neshylO Pueo gra en este papel de palma para que 10 Vean y guarde los hijos de omo reshy nuestro pueblo para que pague los Reales servisios no faltando a la mos por obligazon en el servo de nuestro padre sn Pedro y para q se goviershy~mos nen y se corrijan y sepan los puestos donde estan los parajes de las aora y tierras de los naturales tributarios para el buen Regimen y goviemo Ode nos de los Reales tributos por donde se favorescan y tambien de las otras

poblasones con paz Y quietud a los Reales servisios esto es quando se fundaron las demas poblasones entonses se rrepartieron las tierras de los natues por el gran ssor Dn Antonio de Mendossa y por manshydado suio se lo dio a nuestro Pueblo lo que es suio y perteneze para q siempre se sepa por los

[F 83 r]

Benideros tpas e futuros Y sepa nos hordeno este escripto para que siempre lo guarden los Ofisiales de la Republica lo cuiden y nunguna Perzona les estorve ni perjudique al Pueblo lo que le toca Y perteneze para que lo bean y cuiden lo que es del pueo del sor Sn Pedro tototepec es de quando al gran Prinsipe axaxayatzin Resivio por mershysed las tierras 10 que les toco a los naturales y fue quando se le nomshy

comido bro tototepec es quando Vino Nuestro amo el gran monarca monteshy

DON DIEGO GARCIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCI1ZUMA 261

y anduvieron y las amojonaron y llega a la poblason de los naturales donde esta la gloriosa Virgen sta Mariacutea de la compesesion [sic J y se dise en la Antigueda Xanta malia Conxepxiontzi donde se reCOlllt)Se ser Antigua y que todo el llano se lo lleva Y pertenese hasta el Pueblo de sn Lorenzo Pasada La sogeriacutea hasta al tOISer del serrillo q es el lindero y linda con tierras del Pueblo de sn Matheo todo de halla en el llano Y son puestos de nro Padre sn Pedro Pazando La Beshyreda de la poblason de sn Lorenzo llaman galexo los Antiguos en este llano esta sentildealado y para que se sepa siempre saviendo ellos y los hijos que viviesen en las poblasones nuestros hijos donde estan puestas las tierras de su Magestad y de los natues como menores todo aquiacute lo disponemos y sentildealamos con tinta negra para que siempre se sepa hasta donde se junta el agua al prinsipio a donde se pone la funshydasion de las poblasones de nuestro Pe San Pedro tototepec y llegan sus tieras al serillo tototepec y da la buelta hasta junto la poblason de sn Matheo y se sentildeala en este tpo nos toca pertenese de nuestros ansianos de las poblasones Y nosotros estamos a los servisios Reales acudiendo y a los mandatos de su magd q Dios gde Y como sus Leales Vazallos por el Rey Nro ssor Y con el gran su poder nos otorgo y consedio p~ sus Reales servisios estando el gran Prinzipe dn Antonio de Mendossa aora lo hordenamos y sentildealamos con tinta neshygra en este papel de palma para que 10 Vean y guarde los hijos de nuestro pueblo para que pague los Reales servisios no faltando a la obligazon en el servo de nuestro padre sn Pedro y para q se goviershynen y se corrijan y sepan los puestos donde estan los parajes de las tierras de los naturales tributarios para el buen Regimen y goviemo de los Reales tributos por donde se favorescan y tambien de las otras poblasones con paz Y quietud a los Reales servisios esto es quando se fundaron las demas poblasones entonses se rrepartieron las tierras de los natues por el gran ssor Dn Antonio de Mendossa y por manshydado suio se lo dio a nuestro Pueblo lo que es suio y perteneze para q siempre se sepa por los

[F 83 r]

Benideros tpas e futuros Y sepa nos hordeno este escripto para que siempre lo guarden los Ofisiales de la Republica lo cuiden y nunguna Perzona les estorve ni perjudique al Pueblo lo que le toca Y perteneze para que lo bean y cuiden lo que es del pueo del sor Sn Pedro tototepec es de quando al gran Prinsipe axaxayatzin Resivio por mershysed las tierras 10 que les toco a los naturales y fue quando se le nomshybro tototepec es quando Vino Nuestro amo el gran monarca monte-

262 STEPHANIE VOOO

zuma como prinsipe es a donde dejaron a nuestros padres y abuelos y asiacute que lo Ubieron oido los ofisiales de la republica Dijeron que la Resiacutevian Por grasia Y donazon de las tierras pertenesientes por mersed e aqui esta [sic] las hordcnansas de los puestos esto es quando llego la fee de Dios Nro ssor Y aquiacute los Resivimos los santos sacrashymentos del ssto Baupmo estando presente el gran Prinsipe dn Antoshynio de mendossa nuestro amo Repartio dhas tierras y fue quando se fundo y prinsipio el pueo de Nro Padre sn Pedro tototepec y tambien las demas poblasoneseacute aquiacute las hordenamos y ponemos para q siempre esten savidas las tierras y donde estan sus parajes y para q

se sirvan los Natues de dho pueblo y 10 cuiden para sus servisios y Con buen Regime Y goviemo de los ofisiales de la Republica para que lo esten mirando Y cuidando en este papel es en que se nos dieronr las tierras Y es por mandado de los ssres Referidos arriva y esta [sic] los linderos de nos y de nuestro pe San pedro para que se le haga y se acave su Yglesia a de tener 10 que toca y pertenese para su coshy

11 munidad Y para las cossas nesesarias de lo que amenester dha yglesiaif para sus menesteres se le dio treiQta y sinco cordeles de a sinco bar t matlasingas tendido de llano en derecho del sor sn Matheo llama1 ellos Xan mateotzin e aquiacute todo 10 hordenamos Y sentildealamos con tinta negra lo que les toca y pertenese a nuestro pueo tototepec e Aquiacute todos los Puestos aquiacute sello con tinta negra oy en este tpo aquiacute en nuestro Pueblo dentro de nuestras Reales cassas donde se Pronunsian las Sentensias y nos Juntamos Y se Juntaron

[F 83 vta]

los demaacutes Naturales de todas las Poblasones los capitanes Reales Sirvientes guiacuteas guardas Reales caios () de los susdhos y todos se hallan presentes Y sellamos con tinta negra este papel escripto todo aquiacute y ban apuntados los bienes del Pueo Y sentildealados los puestos Yo soi el gran Guarda Rl lo mando con grande mandamiento se pomga [sic] para el buen Regimen Y goviemo lo que se nos dio de Mersed y comp se rrepartieron dichas tierras e todo aquiacute se selle y sentildeale para q este siempre este en favor de los hijos desta Poblason y todos se hallaron Presentes como se nos Dieron Por Mersed ya tanto tpo donde estamos Puestos desde abenisio del sielo donde nos dejaron y nos pusieron y se hallaron nuestros Padres y abuelos y ansianos Y aquiacute nos dejaron Puestos nuestroq pririsipes y sentildeores los Referidos flechados sus almas Para el sielo y tambien axaxayatzin Motezumatzin el menor del gran monarca Motezuma su Ultimo hijo el gran Prinsipe Como se pleitearon los natues Matlasingasyoyopitzintzin todo esta

sellado Y seiacute pre esten er Vazallos y este dho escr de nuestro n escrivo los n en este lugr mer guarda 1 Dn Simon ( Estevan Migl guiacutea = Dn guarda Rl = de la guerra escrivo noml

[F 84 r]

Lo escrivIacute Po este tiempo =

Aquiacute En este tendidas ochos quales pertene5 Cel Poniente

Aquiacute esta el PI quinientos Con es para Nuestra y mojoneras Ar sillo y lindan

Aquiacute en este 1 y son las tierrcu dosientos Cordl y linda con el

262 STEPHANIE VOOO

zuma como prinsipe es a donde dejaron a nuestros padres y abuelos y asiacute que lo Ubieron oido los ofisiales de la republica Dijeron que la Resiacutevian Por grasia Y donazon de las tierras pertenesientes por mersed e aqui esta [sic] las hordcnansas de los puestos esto es quando llego la fee de Dios Nro ssor Y aquiacute los Resivimos los santos sacrashymentos del ssto Baupmo estando presente el gran Prinsipe dn Antoshynio de mendossa nuestro amo Repartio dhas tierras y fue quando se fundo y prinsipio el pueo de Nro Padre sn Pedro tototepec y tambien las demas poblasoneseacute aquiacute las hordenamos y ponemos para q siempre esten savidas las tierras y donde estan sus parajes y para q se sirvan los Natues de dho pueblo y 10 cuiden para sus servisios y Con buen Regime Y goviemo de los ofisiales de la Republica para que lo esten mirando Y cuidando en este papel es en que se nos dieron las tierras Y es por mandado de los ssres Referidos arriva y esta [sic] los linderos de nos y de nuestro pe San pedro para que se le haga y se acave su Yglesia a de tener 10 que toca y pertenese para su coshymunidad Y para las cossas nesesarias de lo que amenester dha yglesia para sus menesteres se le dio treiQta y sinco cordeles de a sinco bar matlasingas tendido de llano en derecho del sor sn Matheo llama ellos Xan mateotzin e aquiacute todo 10 hordenamos Y sentildealamos con tinta negra lo que les toca y pertenese a nuestro pueo tototepec e Aquiacute todos los Puestos aquiacute sello con tinta negra oy en este tpo aquiacute en nuestro Pueblo dentro de nuestras Reales cassas donde se Pronunsian las Sentensias y nos Juntamos Y se Juntaron

[F 83 vta]



sellado Y sentildealado en las foxas q 10 tienen los toluquentildeos para q siemshymelas

pre esten en sus leales saveres como nos lo fuimos y seremos leales n que Vazallos y estamos a los Reales servisios es por boto nuestro se haga

~ por este dho escripto de Nuestro Pueo aquiacute nos nombramos y los firmamosuando de nuestro nombre en este escripto aquiacute se pone por mano de nuestro sacrashyescrivo los nombre [sic] de todos los caziques y anzianos y ban puestoz Antoshyen este lugr = los nombres de ls caziquez q se hallan presentes Prishyuando mer guarda Rl Dn Estevan de su Miguel = Segundo guarda ru pec y Dn Simon de n Andrez nesagualcoyotzin - tlaxolincatzin = Dn s para Estevan Miguel AIguasil mor de la Yglezia = Dn Diego Mazatetzin ara q guiacutea = Dn Domingo aquiyatzin Melchor de sta Mariacutea grande sios y guarda Rl = Juo Miguel guiacutea = Dn Salvador de la cruz capnra que de la guerra Dn Juo thomas = e Yo Dn Estevan de sn Migueldieron escrivo nombrado

a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy

yglesia Lo escriviacute Por Mandato de los Casiquez del Pueo de tototepec en o bar este tiempo = llama 1 tinta Primer Paraje de los Linderos de las tierras Aquiacute de sn Pedro tototepeque

uIacute en llnSian Aquiacute En este llano del Camino que sale de tatuca cstan Puestas y

tendidas ochosientas Varas Matlasingas y tierras de los naturales las quales pertenesen y son del Pueblo de s Pedro tototepec Por la parte del Poniente Y se llevan todo El llano = =

Segundo Lindero

Aquiacute esta el Puesto por el sur q llaman Cuesillo que Consta Y tiene quinientos Cordeles de las Baras Matlasingas q estas tierras y puesto es para Nuestra Comunidad de Nuestras Reales casas Corre el Lindero y mojoneras Antiguas Por Un camino q ba de tepesingo q llama cueshysillo y lindan Con tierras de los corteses

Terzero lindero

Aquiacute en este Paraje y puesto se llama Donde se Juntan Las Aguas y son las tierras de los naturales del Pueblo de Sn Pedro y son milly dosientos Cordeles de las baras matlasingas por el levante todo llano y linda con el rriacuteo grande


sellado Y sentildealado en las foxas q 10 tienen los toluquentildeos para q siemshypre esten en sus leales saveres como nos lo fuimos y seremos leales Vazallos y estamos a los Reales servisios es por boto nuestro se haga este dho escripto de Nuestro Pueo aquiacute nos nombramos y los firmamos de nuestro nombre en este escripto aquiacute se pone por mano de nuestro escrivo los nombre [sic] de todos los caziques y anzianos y ban puestoz en este lugr = los nombres de ls caziquez q se hallan presentes Prishymer guarda Rl Dn Estevan de sn Miguel = Segundo guarda Rl Dn Simon de n Andrez nesagualcoyotzin - tlaxolincatzin = Dn Estevan Miguel Alguasil mor de la Yglezia = Dno Diego Mazatetzin guiacutea = Dn Domingo aquiyatzin Melchor de sta Mariacutea grande guarda Rl = Juo Miguel guiacutea = Dn Salvador de la cruz capn de la guerra Dn Juo thomas = e Yo Dn Estevan de sn Miguel escrivo nombrado

[F 84 r]

Lo escriviacute Por Mandato de los Casiquez del Pueo de tototepec en este tiempo = o o

Primer Paraje de los Linderos de las tierras de sn Pedro tototepeque

Aquiacute En este llano del Camino que sale de totuca estan Puestas y tendidas ochosientas Varas Matlasingas y tierras de los naturales las quales pertenesen y son del Pueblo de s Pedro tototepec Por la parte del Poniente Y se llevan todo El llano = = o

Segundo Lindero

Aquiacute esta el Puesto por el sur q llaman Cuesillo que Consta Y tiene quinientos Cordeles de las Baras Matlasingas q estas tierras y puesto es para Nuestra Comunidad de Nuestras Reales casas Corre el Lindero y mojoneras Antiguas Por Un camino q ba de tepesingo q llama cue-sillo y lindan Con tierras de los corteses o

Terzero lindero

Aquiacute en este Paraje y puesto se llama Donde se Juntan Las Aguas y son las tierras de los naturales del Pueblo de Sn Pedro y son milI Y dosientos Cordeles de las baras matlasingas por el levante todo llano y linda con el rrIacuteo grande

264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero

Aquiacute esta el Paraje Donde mana Un ojo de Agua Y tiene ochosientos Cordeles que llaman tlasingas [sic] Por levante bull

[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero

Aquiacute en este Puesto llamado Mazatlan Por la parte del levante estan las tierras de dhos Naturales y son 6chosientos Cordeles de las Varas Matlazingas y estan tendidos Los linderos Aquiacute es El sitio y Paraje Donde esta la Y glesia de la gloriossa Virgn Mariacutea de la Compsezion [sic] Y estan las tierras de sus naturales q son milI y seisssientos Cordeles de las Varas Matlasingas a Un lado del Sur Como Al Poniente Aquiacute Donde anduvo El Aguila Rl estas tierras Son ochosientos Corshydeles de las baras matlazingas y son de los hijos del Pueblo de tototeshypec Por El levante Aquiacute llaman tototlan y en este Paraje ay tresientos Cordeles Por el norte y son las mojoneras en el llano y toca al Pueblo de Sn Pedro de llano a llano corren [sic] los cordeles Pertenesientes a dho Pueo de Tototepec Los fundadores destas Poblasones Son Dn Bernardino y D Thomas Tlaltecasisin que fueron los que prinsipiaron dhas Poblazones y los sentildeores aquiacute donde nos guarda Nuestro Padre su Pedro tototepec en este llano donde se fundo su Yglezia del sor sn Pedro Aquiacute llama totomoxco pueblo de xoxocan estan ochosientos Cordeles de nuestro P San Pedro tototepec Aquiacute llaman Yzquazingo de dho Pueo estan Dosientos Cordeles de los naturales del Puco de su Pedro Aquiacute llaman los Pedregales estan Puestos Dosientos Cordeles de los natures de dho Pueblo

[F 85 r]

Dn Juan de Santamariacutea - Dn Alonzo de la crus Nesagualcoyotzintzin Aquiacute en las Conejeras estan tresientos Cordeles de los naturales Corre el lindero Aquiacute en tepetzingo tecuantitlan estan quatrosientos Cordeles de los naturales Aquiacute en acolco Sacatlan Son las tierras de los Yndios Aquiacute en Cacaloapa estan Puestas Las tierras q son Dosientos Cordeles de las Varas Matlazingas bull

Aquiacute esta en este de Tototepec Aquiacute en este llar lindan con los de Yo Dn Lucas X Alonso de Moraleuro ssor Marqes de comformidad de mexicana en la Poner Cossa algu de Sn Pedro tot donde lo soi Vez Dn Juan Cortes es fho en Vcinte firme = Dn LU(

BARLOW R H Mariacutea Ocelote

---- Tlatel Mexicana de l

---- Los a Granados (Tel la Historia M

--- El Re demia Mexical

--- Otros nas de la Aca 189-192

---- The Mimiahuapan] yan) Tlalocl

BORAH Woodrow Hanns J Pren ica in the 8ixi Press 1984 2

264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



Aquiacute esta en este llano Sien Baras de tierra de los naturales del Pueo de Tototepec bullbullbullbull

)Sientos Aquiacute en este llano estan Sesenta cordeles de tierra de dhos naturales lindan con los del Pueblo de Sn Matheo bull Yo Dn Lucas Ximenez Montezuma essno nombrado por el Sr Dn Alonso de Morales administrador Governador de las Rentas del Exmo ssor Marqes del Valle y caval1ero de la horden de alcantara en comformidad de dho nombramto saque Y traduje de la Ydioma

e estan mexicana en la castellana a miacute leal saver Y lealtad Sin quitar ni ~ Varas Poner Cossa alguna en estos tiacutetulos y mapa de los Yndios del Pueblo

de Sn Pedro tototepec de esta Jurisdision de Sn Josseph de Toluca VIrgn donde lo soi Vezo y saque el prezte siendo testigos Dn Simon Iucas

rales q Dn Juan Cortes Mestissos y Vezinos desta dha ciudad de toluca donde Jn lado es fho en Veinte Y quatro de maio de milI setescientos y tres antildeos y lo

firme = Dn Lucas Ximenes Motezuma os Corshy tototeshyesientos bullPueblo BIBLIOGRAPHY esientcs

BARLOW R H The Techialoyan Codices Codex H (Codex of SantaThomas Mariacutea Ocelotepec) Tlalocan Sacramento 1943 1(2) 161-162

oS Y los ~ec en ---- Tlatelolco en el periodo Tepaneca Memorias de la Academia

Mexicana de la Historia Meacutexico 1944 3 (2) 219-238 pordeles ---- Los caciques precortesianos de Tlatelolco en el Coacutedice Garciacutea

Granados (Techialoyan Q) Memorias de la Academia Mexicana de Jeles de la Historia Meacutexico 1945 4 (4) 467-483 iexcl

--- El Reverso del Coacutedice Garciacutea Granados Memorias de la Acashyde los demia Mexicana de la Historia Meacutexico 1946 5 (4) 422-438

--- Otros Caciques Coloniales de Tlatelolco 1567-1623 Memoshyrias de la Academia Mexicana de la Hitoria Meacutexico 1947a 6 (2) 189-192

--- The Techialoyan Codices Codex L (Codex of San MiguelCorre Mimiahuapan) and Codex M (Codex of San Bartolome Tepanohuashyyan) Tlalocan Azcapotzalco 1947b 2 (3) 276-278de los

BORAB Woodrow Sorne Problerns of Sources in H R Harvey and Hanns J Prem Explorations in Ethnohistory Indians of Central Mexshyico in the Sixteenth Century Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 1984 23-39


Aquiacute esta en este llano Sien Baras de tierra de los naturales del Pueo de Tototepec bullbullbullbull Aquiacute en este llano estan Sesenta cordeles de tierra de dhos naturales lindan con los del Pueblo de Sn Matheo bull Yo Dn Lucas Ximenez Montezuma essno nombrado por el Sr Dn Alonso de Morales administrador Governador de las Rentas del Exmo ssor Marqes del Valle y cavallero de la horden de alcantara en comformidad de dho nombramto saque Y traduje de la Ydioma mexicana en la castellana a miacute leal saver Y lealtad Sin quitar ni Poner Cossa alguna en estos tiacutetulos y mapa de los Yndios del Pueblo de Sn Pedro tototepec de esta Jurisdision de Sn Josseph de Toluca donde lo soi Vezo y saque el prezte siendo testigos Dn Simon lucas Dn Juan Cortes Mestissos y Vezinos desta dha ciudad de toluca donde es fho en Veinte Y quatro de maio de milI setescientos y tres antildeos y lo firme = Dn Lucas Ximenes Motezuma

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BARLOW R H The Techialoyan Coltlices Codex H (Codex of Santa Mariacutea Ocelotepec) Tlalocan Sacramento 1943 1(2) 161-162

---- Tlatelolco en el periodo Tepaneca Memorias de la Academia Mexicana de la Historia Meacutexico 1944 3 (2) 219-238

---- Los caciques precortesianos de Tlatelolco en el Coacutedice Garciacutea Granados (Techialoyan Q) Memorias de la Academia Mexicana de la Historia Meacutexico 1945 4 (4) 467-483

--- El Reverso del Coacutedice Garciacutea Granados Memorias de la Acashydemia Mexicana de la Historia Meacutexico 1946 5 (4) 422-438


--- The Techialoyan Codices Codex L (Codex of San Miguel Mimiahuapan) and Codex M (Codex of San Bartolome Tepanohuashyyan) Tlalocan Azcapotzalco 1947b 2 (3) 276-278

BORAB Woodrow Some Problems of Sources in H R Harvey and Hanns J Prem Explorations in Ethnohistory Indians of Central Mexshyico in the Sixteenth Century Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 1984 23-39

266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD

CARRERA STAMPA Manuel Coacutedices mapas y lienzos acerca de la cultura naacutehuatl Estudios de Cultura Naacutehuatl Meacutexico Universidad Nacional Autoacutenoma de Meacutexico Instituto de Investigaciones Histoacutericas 1965 5220

CASTILLO Ignacio B del Cuauhteacutemoc su ascendencia su edad su desshycendencia Anales del Museo Nacional de Meacutexico 2 eacutepoca Meacutexico 1906 3541-560

DYCKERHOFF Ursula Forged Village Documents from Huejotzingo and Calpan Actas of the International Congress of Americanists Pariacutes 1979 42 (7) 51-63

FERNAacuteNDEZ DE RECAS Guillermo Cacicazgos y nobiliario indiacutegena de la Nueva Espantildea Meacutexico Universidad Nacional Autoacutenoma de Meacutexico Instituto Bibliograacutefico Mexicano 1961

GALARZA Joaquiacuten Codex de Zempoala Techialoyan E 705 Manuscrit pictograPhique de Zempoala Hidalgo Mexique Etudes Mesoamerishycaines 7 Mexico Mission Archeologique et Ethnologique Fran aise au Mexique 1980

GATES William K ed The Azcapotzalco Maguey Manuscript in Facsi nQmile Baltimore The Maya Society 6 1935

GERHARD Peter A Cuide to the Historical Ceography of New Spain Camshybridge At the University Press 1972

GIBSON Charles and John B Glass A Census of Middle American Prose Manuscripts in the Native Historical Tradition Handbook 01 Middle American Indians voL 15 Cuide to Ethnohistorical Sources part 4 University of Texas Press Austin 1975 322-378

GLASS John B Cataacutelogo de la coleccioacuten de coacutedices Meacutexico Museo Nashycional de Antropologiacutea 1964

---- A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts Handbook of Middle American Indians vol 14 Cuide to Ethnohisshytorical Sources part 3 University of Texas Austin 1975a 81-252

--- A Catalog of Falsified Middle American Pictorial Manushyscripts Handbook 01 Middle American Indians voL 14 Cuide to Ethnohistorical Sources part 3 University of Texas Austin 1975b 297-310

GOacuteMEZ DE UumlROZCO Federico La pintura indoeuropea de los c6dices Teshychialoyan Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Esteacuteticas Mexico) UNAM 19484 (16) 57-68 illus (11 plates)

DON

IARvEY H R T Techialoyan T

---- The Te International C(

HERNAacuteNDEZ RooRIacutec prehispaacutenica y cional Aut6noml

LOCKHART James of Mexico TO George A Colli Inca and Aztec

Los c6dices de Mb toria 1979

OLAGUIacuteBEL Manue facsimilar de la (Biblioteca Enci

PEacuteREZ MARTIacuteNEZ Meacutexico Editor~

REYES GARcIacuteA Lu tudio de Cultu de Meacutexico Ins

RIVA PALACIO Vic lona nd v 2

ROBERTSON Donall Periad The M~

---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1

---- Techial book 01 Middk Sources part 3)

El Valleacute urbanizaciaacuten U

VON HAGEN Victl York J J Au

266 STEPHANIE WOOD






GATES William K ed The Azcapotzalco Maguey Manuscript in Facsi mile Baltimore The Maya Society nQ 6 1935


GIBSON Charles and John B Glass A Census oi Middle American Prose Manuscripts in the Native Historical Tradition Handbook 01 Middle American Indians voL 15 Cuide to Ethnohistorical Sources part 4 University of Texas Press Austin 1975 322-378



--- A Catalog oi Falsified Middle American Pictorial Manushyscripts Handbook 01 Middle American Indians voL 14 Cuide to Ethnohistorical Sources part 3 University of Texas Austin 1975b 297-310

GOacuteMEZ DE UumlROZCO Federico La pintura indoeuropea de los coacutedices Teshychialoyan Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Esteacuteticas Mexico) UNAM 19484 (16) 57-68 illus (11 plates)

DON DIEGO GARcIacuteA DE MENDOZA MOCTEZUMA 267

dtura HARvEY H R The Codex of San Cristoacutebal and Santa Mariacutea A False ional Techialoyan Tlalocan Mexico 1966 5 (2) 119-124 1965

---- The Techialoyan Land Titles of Huixquilucan Actas o the International Congress o Americanists Paris 1979 42 (7) 113-124

1 desshyeacutexico) HERNAacuteNDEZ RODRIacuteGUEZ Rosaura El Valle de Toluca su historia eacutepoca

prehispaacutenica y siglo XVI Masters Thesis Meacutexico Universidad Nashycional Autoacutenoma de Meacutexico Facultad de Filosofia y Letras 1954~ and

Pariacutes LOCKHART James Viacuteews of Corporate Self and History in Sorne Valley of Mexico Towns Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in

la de George A Collier Renato l Rosaldo and John D Wirth eds The eacutexico Inca and Aztec States 1400-1800 New York Academic Press 1982

Las c6dices de Meacutexico Meacutexico Instituto Nacional de Antropologiacutea e Hisshymcrit toria 1979 nnerishy

OLAGUIacuteBEL Manuel de Onomatologiacutea del Estado de M eacutexica Edicioacutenn-aise facsimilar de la de 1894 preparada por Mario Coliacuten Meacutexico 1975 (Biblioteca Enciclopeacutedica del Estado de Meacutexico)

Facsi-PEacuteREz MARTIacuteNEZ Heacutector Cuauhteacutemoc vida y muerte de una cultura

Meacutexico Editorial Leyenda 1945

REYES GARcIacuteA Luis Documentos de Toluca en la obra de Zorita Esshy tudios de Cultura Naacutehuatl Meacutexico Universidad Nacional Autoacutenoma iProse de Meacutexico Instituto de Investigaciones Histoacutericas 1980 14 345-354

RIVA PALACIO Vicente Meacutexico a traveacutes de los siglos Mexico and Barceshylona nd v 2

ROBERTSON Donald Mexican Manuscript Painting o the Early Colonial Penad The Metropolitan Schools Yale University New Haven 1959

----- The Techialoyan Codex oiacute Tepotzotlan Codex X (RyIands Mexican Ms 1) lO Bulletin o the John Rylands Library Manchester 1960 43109-130

---- Techialoyan Manuscripts and Paintings with a Catalog Handshybook o Middle American Indians vol 14 Guide to Ethnohistoocal Sources part 3 University of Texas Press Austin 1975 253-280

El Valle de Toluca Raiacuteces indiacutegenas luchas campesinas y subshyurbanizacioacuten Universite de Toulouse Le Mirail 1978

VON HAGEN Viacutector Wolfgang The Aztec and Maya Papermakers New York J J Augustin Publisher 1944


HARvEY H R The Codex of San Cristoacutebal and Santa Mariacutea A False Techialoyan Tlalocan Mexico 1966 5 (2) 119-124


HERNAacuteNDEZ RODRIacuteGUEZ Rosaura El Valle de Toluca su historia eacutepoca prehispaacutenica y siglo XVI Masters Thesis Meacutexico Universidad Nashycional Autoacutenoma de Meacutexico Facultad de Filosofia y Letras 1954

LOCKHART James Views of Corporate Self and History in Sorne Valley of Mexico Towns Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in George A Collier Renato l Rosaldo and John D Wirth eds The Inca and Aztec States 1400-1800 New York Academic Press 1982

Las c6dices de Meacutexico Meacutexico Instituto Nacional de Antropologiacutea e Hisshytoria 1979

OLAGUIacuteBEL Manuel de Onomatologiacutea del Estado de Meacutexico Edicioacuten facsimilar de la de 1894 preparada por Mario Coliacuten Meacutexico 1975 (Biblioteca Enciclopeacutedica del Estado de Meacutexico)

PEacuteREz MARTIacuteNEZ Heacutector Cuauhteacutemoc vida y muerte de una cultura Meacutexico Editorial Leyenda 1945

REYES GARcIacuteA Luis Documentos de Toluca en la obra de Zorita Esshytudios de Cultura Naacutehuatl Meacutexico Universidad Nacional Autoacutenoma de Meacutexico Instituto de Investigaciones Histoacutericas 1980 14 345-354


ROBERTSON Donald Mexican Manuscript Painting o the Early Colonial Penod The Metropolitan Schools Yale University New Raven 1959





i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD

WOOD Stephanie Corporate Adjustments in Colonial Mexican Indian Towns Toluca Region 1550-1810 Doctoral Dissertation University of California Los Angeles 1984

---- Pedro Villafranca y Juana Gertrudis Navarrete falsificador de tiacutetulos y su viuda Nueva Espantildea siglo xviii in David G Sweet and Gary B Nash (eds) Vida y lucha en Ameacuterica Colonial Meacutexico Fondo de Cultura Econoacutemica

ZORITA Alonso de Los sentildeores de la Nueva Espantildea Meacutexico Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Meacutexico 1963

LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl

Introduccioacuten al j

Existe una ah Conquista y color xico de la cual h tradicional de 10 informacioacuten ha si escritos de los m lengua de los az se concentra en f

No es comuacuten el del doctor Barl

Agradecemos el cual posee el docu y a Robin Price Bil proporcionoacute este d~ Joseacute Ignacio BartolaJ las pastillas marcialeJ cana del Wellcome ] Estrada y a Maria ~ de la Biblioteca Hl Autoacutenoma de Meacutexi~

1 Veacutease por eje 2 Seguacuten Femaacuten

Posada nacioacute el 30 en la Facultad de 1 -una petici6n al R conoce que no podr de Bacluacuteller en Mee (lbid208) En la b dalupe dice para ferocidad e incultur suavizara y humanizl

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




STEPHANIE WOOD246

but it is impressive Perhaps this presentation will enable others to supshypIy the definitive proof2

Don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma was arrested and jailed in 1705 for forging a Nahuatl mapa or tiacutetulo of maguey paper for the community of San Pedro Totoltepec in the Valley of ToIuca In the legal investigation Indian witnesses from Totoltepec toId how they had gone to Mexico City in search of their towns titles Someone they met there in the corridors of the Royal Palace took them to see don Diego The latter acknowledged having their towns tides and offered to produce them for a fifty-peso fee a Another community San Miguel Tarimoro presented a record of payments amounting to nearly two hundred pesos made in small installments to don Diego and sorne accomplices for a set of titles he was to providc them Besides Totoltepec and Tarimoro combined witness testimony points to five more communities alleged to have acquired titles from don Diego Observers described these towns as needing the titles to aid them in their struggles with competitors for landholdings in several central Mexican jurisdictions

The witness with the greatest prestige who testified against don Diego was don Joseph de Luna an attorney for the Audiencia who claimed to have translated several of these suspect documents from the Nahuatl to Spanish Of don Diego and the titles he was charged with making Luna declared se entretiene y ocupa en este havilidad hacieacutendolos para los indios que se los piden Luna further describshyed the manuscripts he had translated as being all of the same style and all composed on maguey paper that was made to look more than a hundred years old Luna was certain they were all false as el mismo papel lo manifiesta5 The fact that the paper impressed Luna so much is significant for the unusual paper of the Techialoyans is one of their most immediately distinguishable features The distinctive paper used in the composition of the Techialoyan manuscripts characterized by Donald Robertson altiexcl coarse-grained unsized dark brown amad pamiddot per could easily fit Lunas description especially sin ce amatl paper has often been confused with maguey paper~ Techialoyan 739 from

la It should be remembered that there are many slight1y different styles reshypresented in the Techialoyan manuscripts suggesting that they were made by difshyferent hands


61-65

San Pedro Zictepc and that of San the Azcapotzalc himself admitted painted and wr from maguey shypeople could easi]

U nfortunately translated by LUI litigation nor hl twentieth-century identification of other hand the attributed to hin are quite incrim reminiscent of tI

Before taking to review the w were primarily w folio large pane paper The texts scraviling unatta ters such as h from one manus involved in their type that fades watercolor and d forms Typically and its subdivisil quest church co tion of the tow genealogy of the given over to th~ ings This latter to substantiate o

The TotoItep texto The corresI lator are only d(

1 Robertson 1 11 AGN Tierras 1) Robertson H

246 STEPHANIE WOOD

but it is impressive Perhaps this presentation wiIl enable others to supshyply the definitive proof2

Don Diego Garciacutea de Mendoza Moctezuma was arrested and jailed in 1705 for forging a Nahuatl mapa or tiacutetulo of maguey paper for the community of San Pedro Totoltepec in the Valley of Toluca In the legal investigation Indian witnesses from Totoltepec told how they had gone to Mexico City in search of their towns titles Someone they met there in the corridors of the Royal Palaee took them to see don Diego The latter acknowledged having their towns titles and offered to produce them for a fifty-peso fee a Another eommunity San Miguel Tarimoro presented a record of payrnents amounting to nearly two hundred pesos made in small installments to don Diego and sorne accomplices for a set of titles he was to providc them Besides Totoltepec and Tarimoro combined witness testimony points to five more communities alleged to have acquired titles from don Diego Observers described these towns as needing the titles to aid them in their struggles with competitors for landholdings in several central Mexican jurisdictions

The witness with the greatest prestige who testified against don Diego was don Joseph de Luna an attorney for the Audiencia who claimed to have translated several of these suspeet documents from the Nahuatl to Spanish Of don Diego and the titles he was charged with making Luna declared se entretiene y ocupa en este havilidad hacieacutendolos para los indios que se los piden Luna further describshyed the manuscripts he had translated as being all of the same style and all composed on maguey paper that was made to look more than a hundred years old Luna was certain they were all false as el mismo papel lo manifiesta5 The fact that the paper impressed Luna so much is significant for the unusual paper of the Techialoyans is one of their most immcdiately distinguishable features The distinetivc paper used in the eomposition of the Techialoyan manuscripts eharacterized by Donald Robertson altiexcl eoarse-grained unsized dark brown amad pashyper eould easily fit Lunas description especially sin ce amad paper has often been confused with maguey paper~ Teehialoyan 739 from

la It should be remembered that there are many slight1y different styles Teshy

presented in the Techialoyan manuscripts suggesting that they were made by difshyferent hands


61-65



















248 STEPHANlE WOOD






DON






248 STEPHANlE WOOD






~

















250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)




Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

DON [






15 Zorita 1963 1984384


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)



Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)


251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



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(F 85 r


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[F 83 r]


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262 STEPHANIE VOOO


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[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




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264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD






















248 STEPHANlE WOOD






DON






248 STEPHANlE WOOD






~

















250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)




Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

DON [






15 Zorita 1963 1984384


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)



Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)


251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




248 STEPHANlE WOOD






DON






248 STEPHANlE WOOD






~

















250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)




Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

DON [






15 Zorita 1963 1984384


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)



Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)


251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




~

















250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)




Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

DON [






15 Zorita 1963 1984384


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)



Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)


251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)




Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xan Nicolax (703)

Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)

DON [






15 Zorita 1963 1984384


250 STEPHANIE WOOD

TABLE 1



SAN CRISTOacuteBAL

SANTA CRUZ

SANTO DOMINGO

SAN FELIPE

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN JEROacuteNIMO

SAN JUAN

SANTA MARIacuteA

SAN MARTIacuteN

SAN MATEO

SAN MELCHOR

SAN MIGUEL

SAN NICOLAacuteS

SAN PABLO

SAN PEDRO

SANTIAGO




Xata Clox (705)


Xa Pelipe (712)


Xa Xelonimo (703)



Xa Mateo (703)

Xa Melhiol (724)


Xa Papolo (703 717)


Xantiaeo (724)


251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




251

724)

703


5 724











bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




bull

252 STEPHANIE WOOD







DON




The titles pu




I

252 STEPHANIE WOOD





























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD


























i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




i

254 STEPHANIE WOOD
















254 STEPHANIE WOOD




























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD























256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




256 STEPHANlE WOOD







DON







256 STEPHANlE WOOD







257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




257

GaspaI















258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

DOli


56 Gibson and

258 STEPHANIEWOOD







geries

259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




259



ntildeously r have

iexcl more arms













[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD








[F 82 vta]


001



[F 83 r]





(F 85 r


[F 82 vta]








[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD










[F 83 r]





[F 83 r]


262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




262 STEPHANIE VOOO




[F 83 vta]



[F 84 r]





262 STEPHANIE VOOO


[F 83 vta]






a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD








a [sic] haga

[F 84 r]su 00shy




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero




[F 84 r]




Segundo Lindero


Terzero lindero


264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]










264 STEPHANlE WOOD

Quarto lindero


[F 84 vta]

Quinto Lindero


[F 85 r]



















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD





















BIBLIOGRAPHY








266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




266

I

STEPHANIE WOOD













DON











---- The T Mexican Ms 1 1960 43109-1




266 STEPHANIE WOOD














































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD





































i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD




i

268 STEPHANIE WOOD




LOS CON~ SOBRE LAS

COLONIAl







268 STEPHANIE WOOD


