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IT’S MY BODY (PART 3)
HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(GLANDS AND HORMONES)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- WHAT DOES IT DO?
Hormones are chemical substances that help to regulate processes in the body. Hormones are secreted by glands and travel to their target organs in the bloodstream. Several hormones are involved in the female menstrual cycle. Hormones can be used to control human fertility and have advantages and disadvantages.
Hormones and glands
Hormones are chemicals secreted by glands in the body. Different hormones affect different target organs. The bloodstream transports hormones from the glands to the target organs.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/hormonesrev1.shtml
Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood-
• May stimulate other glands• Regulate growth,
development, metabolism, sex processes
Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job
Major Glands of the Endocrine system
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal.
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/hormonesrev1.shtml
HORMONES AND NERVOUS SYSTEMIN CONTROL OF INTERNAL CONDITIONS
It is important that the internal environment of the body is controlled. Maintaining a constant internal environment is called homeostasis. The nervous system and hormones are responsible for this. These are some of the internal conditions that are controlled.
WATER CONTENT OF THE BODY
This is controlled to protect cells by avoiding too much water entering or leaving them. Water content is controlled by water loss from:
• the lungs when we exhale
• the skin by sweating
• the body, in urine produced by the kidneys
PITUITARY GLANDMaster gland of body
Located in the depression of sphenoid bone
Produces many hormones that affect other glands
• thyroid stimulating hormone• Somatotropin- growth hormone• Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation• ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone• Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin• ADH- antidiuretic hormone
Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty
Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics
Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH
Thyroid GLAND- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood.
Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
• goiter- not enough iodine
• hyperthyroidism• hypothyroidism
Adrenal glands
Located just above the kidney
Secretes many hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.
Pancreas-
pancreatic juices into the intestine
secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells.
Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream
Diabetes Mellitus-
Cause- decreased secretion of insulin
Symptoms
• Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections
• Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population• Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know
it• 225,000 die each year• 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending
Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best)
1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech
In May 1960, the FDA approved the sale of a pill that arguably would have a greater impact on Americans than any other drug in the nation's history.
For women across the country, the contraceptive pill was liberating: it allowed them to pursue careers, fueled the feminist and pro-choice movements and encouraged more open attitudes towards sex.
Estrogen in pill suppresses FSH in pituitary- ovulation does not occur
SUMMARY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Complete the table below:
Gland Hormone produced Function of the hormone
NEUROBIOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND LABSWhat Does Your "Homunculus" Look Like? (www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1991/homunculus.html)
Effect of Environment on Memory (http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1996/brown_memory.html)
Taste Activity (http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/flash/fun_n_games/activities/experiments/experiment_truly_tasteless.html)
A healthy brain? - Caffeine activity (http://www.pfizer.com/brain/teachers_html.html)
Pillbug behavior Lab - (http://www.udel.edu/msmith/pillbugs.html)
REFERENCEShttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html
http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell6e_awl/chapter0/deluxe.html
JOSHSANESPPT.PPT
www.alfamilyties.org/presentations/The%20Neurobiology%20of%20Adolescent%20Substance%20Abuse%20II.ppt
http://www.nsbri.org/Education/High_Act.html
http://www.pfizer.com/brain/teachers_html.html
http://www.research.buffalo.edu/quarterly/vol10/num01/n1.shtml
http://www.aim-digest.com/gateway/pages/brain/articles/myths.htm
http://www.nida.nih.gov/pubs/teaching/Teaching5/Teaching3.html
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AE/
http://psych.colorado.edu/~kenth/Image14.gif