IVC Simulation and Modeling (Part 1) Christoph Sommer (U
Erlangen) Schloss Dagstuhl, Oct 5 2010
Slide 2
Motivation Multitude of Applications Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling2 Vehicle-to-XNon-Safety Comfort Contextual
Information Entertainment Traffic Information Systems Optimal Speed
Advisory Congestion, Accident Information Safety Situation
Awareness Adaptive Cruise Control Blind Spot Warning Warning
Messages Traffic Light Violation Electronic Break Light [1]T. L.
Willke, P. Tientrakool, and N. F. Maxemchuk, "A Survey of
Inter-Vehicle Communication Protocols and Their Applications," IEEE
Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 11 (2), pp. 3-20,
2009
Slide 3
Motivation Multitude of Technologies Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling3 [1]Dar, K. and Bakhouya, M. and Gaber, J.
and Wack, M. and Lorenz, P., "Wireless Communication Technologies
for ITS Applications," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48 (5),
pp. 156-162, May 2010 Wireless Communication Technologies
Infrastructure-based Broadcast Radio DAB, DVB Cellular GSM 2G
Cellular UMTS 3G, 3.5G Cellular WiMAX 4G Cellular
Infrastructureless Short Range Infrared Millimeter Wave
ZigBeeBluetooth Medium Range Wi-Fi DSRC / WAVE
Slide 4
Motivation Penetration Rate prognosis (of vendors!) in Germany
and the U.S. - 14-15 years until penetration rate 100% cf. Personal
Navigation Assistants (PNAs) in cars - 13 years until penetration
rate 14% Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling4 [1] Bai, F.
and Krishnamachari, B., "Exploiting the Wisdom of the Crowd:
Localized, Distributed Information-Centric VANETs," IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 48 (5), pp. 138-146, May 2010 [2]
Ulrich Dietz (ed.), CoCar Feasibility Study: Technology, Business
and Dissemination, CoCar Consortium, Public Report, May 2009. [3]
Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V., Auto 2007 Jahresbericht des
Verbands der Automobilindustrie (VDA), , July 2007.
Slide 5
Motivation Infrastructure-based or Ad Hoc? Central coordination
Ressource allocation Security High latency at short ranges Low
latency at long ranges Central coordination Ressource allocation
Security High latency at short ranges Low latency at long ranges
Distributed coordination Ressource allocation Security Low latency
at short ranges High latency at long ranges Distributed
coordination Ressource allocation Security Low latency at short
ranges High latency at long ranges Source: AKTIV CoCar
Slide 6
Motivation Highway or Urban Deployment? 1D-mobility Bipolar
connectivity pattern Stable (downstream traffic) -AND- Unstable
(upstream traffic) 1D-mobility Bipolar connectivity pattern Stable
(downstream traffic) -AND- Unstable (upstream traffic) 2D-mobility
Alternating connectivity pattern High density (waiting) -OR- Low
density (driving) 2D-mobility Alternating connectivity pattern High
density (waiting) -OR- Low density (driving) Source:
BMW/C2C-CC
Slide 7
Motivation Convergence!
Slide 8
Motivation Field Operational Tests highest degree of realism
Drawbacks allows for only superficial examination of network
behavior suffer from non-suppressible side effects can results from
100s of cars (sim TD ) be reliably extrapolated? - to 2%, to 10%,
to 100% penetration rate? Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling8 Picture: Mario Roberto Duran Ortiz
Slide 9
Modeling and Performance Analysis Simulation default approach
for performance evaluation of network protocols and systems network
simulators: - ns-2/ns-3, JiST/SWANS, OMNeT++, Capabilities highly
detailed, validated models of all communication layers Open Issues
appropriate modeling of mobility in network simulators? level of
detail needed / affordable for individual subcomponents validation
of scenarios, validation of models Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation
and Modeling9
Slide 10
Modeling and Performance Analysis Integrated mobility models
pick destination, shift node, repeat Random Waypoint (RWP) -
extendable to consider mass, inertia - pattern can be restricted to
follow streets Manhattan Grid Problem (very) low degree of realism
Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling10 Network Simulation
A. Random node movement
Slide 11
Modeling and Performance Analysis Replaying collected
real-world traces using GPS dongles installed in taxis, busses,
highest degree of realism Problems extrapolation taxis -> all
cars? no simulation of arbitrary scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling11 [1]V. Naumov, R. Baumann, and T. Gross,
"An evaluation of inter-vehicle ad hoc networks based on realistic
vehicular traces," Proceedings of 7th ACM International Symposium
on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (ACM Mobihoc 2006),
Florence, Italy, March 2006, pp. 108-119 [2]M. Fiore, J. Hrri, F.
Filali, and C. Bonnet, "Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs,"
Proceedings of 40th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS 2007), March
2007, pp. 301-309 [3]H-Y. Huang, P-E. Luo, M. Li, D. Li, X. Li, W.
Shu, and M-Y. Wu, "Performance Evaluation of SUVnet With Real-Time
Traffic Data," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 56
(6), pp. 3381-3396, November 2007 Network Simulation B. Real-world
traces
Slide 12
Modeling and Performance Analysis Solution: (Micro-)Simulation
of road traffic -> see part 2 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation
and Modeling12
Slide 13
Modeling and Performance Analysis Replaying simulated traces
source: microsimulation of road traffic requires accurate
representation of desired scenario Problem: No interaction with
traffic possible Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling13
[1]C. Sommer, I. Dietrich, and F. Dressler, "Realistic Simulation
of Network Protocols in VANET Scenarios," Proceedings of 26th IEEE
Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007): IEEE Workshop
on Mobile Networking for Vehicular Environments (MOVE 2007), Poster
Session, Anchorage, AK, May 2007, pp. 139-143 [2]B. Raney, A.
Voellmy, N. Cetin, M. Vrtic, and K. Nagel, "Towards a Microscopic
Traffic Simulation of All of Switzerland," Proceedings of
International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2002),
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 2002, pp. 371-380 [3]M. Treiber,
A. Hennecke, and D. Helbing, "Congested Traffic States in Empirical
Observations and Microscopic Simulations," Physical Review E, vol.
62, pp. 1805, 2000 Network SimulationRoad Traffic Simulation C.
Micro- simulation
Slide 14
Modeling and Performance Analysis Bidirectional Coupling
VSimRTI TraCI ... Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling14
[1]C. Sommer, Z. Yao, R. German, and F. Dressler, "On the Need for
Bidirectional Coupling of Road Traffic Microsimulation and Network
Simulation," Proceedings of 9th ACM International Symposium on
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc 2008): 1st ACM
International Workshop on Mobility Models for Networking Research
(MobilityModels 2008), Hong Kong, China, May 2008, pp. 41-48 [2]C.
Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "Bidirectionally Coupled
Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis,"
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear) Network
SimulationRoad Traffic Simulation D. Bidirect. coupling
Slide 15
Modeling and Performance Analysis Advantages of bidirectional
coupling Precise mobility model, high execution speed use of
established network simulation frameworks Examples IDM/MOBIL ->
OMNeT++ [1] VGSim: VISSIM traces -> ns-2 [2] NCTUns (hand-made
simulator) [3] TraNS: SUMO ns-2 [4] Veins: SUMO OMNeT++ [5] (!)
Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling15 [1]C. Sommer, I.
Dietrich, and F. Dressler, "Realistic Simulation of Network
Protocols in VANET Scenarios," Proceedings of 26th IEEE Conference
on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007): IEEE Workshop on Mobile
Networking for Vehicular Environments (MOVE 2007), Poster Session,
Anchorage, AK, May 2007, pp. 139-143 [2]B. Liu, B. Khorashadi, H.
Du, D. Ghosal, C-N. Chuah, and M. Zhang, "VGSim: An Integrated
Networking and Microscopic Vehicular Mobility Simulation Platform,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47 (5), pp. 134-141, May 2009
[3]S. Y. Wang, C. L. Chou, Y. H. Chiu, Y. S. Tseng, M. S. Hsu, Y.
W. Cheng, W. L. Liu, and T. W. Ho, "NCTUns 4.0: An Integrated
Simulation Platform for Vehicular Traffic, Communication, and
Network Researches," Proceedings of 1st IEEE International
Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications (WiVec 2007),
Baltimore, MD, October 2007 [4]M. Piorkowski, M. Raya, A. L. Lugo,
P. Papadimitratos, M. Grossglauser, J.-P. Hubaux, "TraNS: Joint
Traffic and Network Simulator," Proceedings of 13th ACM
International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM
MobiCom 2007), Poster Session, Montreal, Canada, September 2007
[5]C. Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "Bidirectionally Coupled
Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis,"
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear)
Slide 16
Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework Bidirectional
coupling of dedicated simulators C2X communication: Dedicated
network simulator (OMNeT++) Vehicle movement: Microscopic road
traffic simulator (SUMO) Coupling via TCP socket TraCI protocol
(SUMO, Shawn, OMNeT++, ns-2, JiST/SWANS, www7.cs.fau.de/veins [1]C.
Sommer, Z. Yao, R. German, and F. Dressler, "On the Need for
Bidirectional Coupling of Road Traffic Microsimulation and Network
Simulation," Proceedings of 9th ACM International Symposium on
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc 2008): 1st ACM
International Workshop on Mobility Models for Networking Research
(MobilityModels 2008), Hong Kong, China, May 2008, pp. 41-48 [2]C.
Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "Bidirectionally Coupled
Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis,"
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear)
Slide 17
Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework TraCI: Small,
subscription-based client/server protocol Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling17
Slide 18
Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework OMNeT++
discrete event simulation core domain: network simulation MANETs /
sensor networks INET Framework models of Internet protocols MiXiM
models of wireless transmissions on physical layer -> generic
building blocks -> heterogeneous networks Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling18 [1]A. Varga, "The OMNeT++ Discrete Event
Simulation System," Proceedings of European Simulation
Multiconference (ESM 2001), Prague, Czech Republic, June 2001
Slide 19
Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework ATB adaptive
traffic beacon Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling19
[1]C. Sommer, O. K. Tonguz and F. Dressler, "Traffic Information
Systems: Efficient Message Dissemination via Adaptive Beaconing,
submitted to IEEE Communications Magazine
Slide 20
Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework SUMO
Simulation of Urban Mobility car following model (Krauss) lane
change model time discrete micro simulation Open Source, portable,
scalable model encompasses... - speed restrictions - turn and
access restrictions - traffic lights -... Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling20 [1]D. Krajzewicz, G. Hertkorn, C. Rssel,
and P. Wagner, "SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility); An open-source
traffic simulation," Proceedings of 4th Middle East Symposium on
Simulation and Modelling (MESM2002), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,
September 2002, pp. 183-187
Slide 21
Number of Neighbors Need for realistic scenarios Christoph
Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling21
Slide 22
Simulation scenarios Realistic simulation setups based on
accurate street maps as available in the OpenStreetMap project
Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling22
Slide 23
Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling23
Slide 24
Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling24
Slide 25
Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling25
Slide 26
Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling26 [1] C. Sommer, D. Eckhoff and F. Dressler, "Improving
the Accuracy of IVC Simulation using Crowd-sourced Geodata," Praxis
der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation (PIK),
submitted
Slide 27
Distance per Hop The Impact of Obstacles Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling27
Slide 28
Number of Neighbors The Impact of Obstacles Christoph Sommer:
IVC Simulation and Modeling28
Slide 29
Neighbor Lifetime The Impact of Obstacles Christoph Sommer: IVC
Simulation and Modeling29
Slide 30
Raytracing? Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling30
Source: AWE Communications
Slide 31
Measurements! Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling31
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Measurements! Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling32
Slide 33
Results Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling33
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Results Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling34
Slide 35
Data Basis Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling35
Slide 36
Obstacle Model Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and
Modeling36