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CHARACTERIZATION OF DESERTIFICATION STATUS

BY INTEGRATED USE OF SATELITE

REMOTE SENSING AND GISA CASE STUDY OF EASTERN PART OF

RAJASTHAN STATE

BY

TUUL BATBALDAN ( MONGOLIA )

SUPERVISED BY

Dr .S. K. SAHA

Agriculture and Soils Division, IIRS

9th POST GRADUATE COURSE IN REMOTE SENSING

AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM.

CSSTEAP

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING


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Many nations of the world are facing the problem of rapidly growing

population and lack of food supply.

Around 70% of all agriculturally used dry lands are some degree

degraded, especially in terms of soils and plant cover (UNEP 1992A, 1992B).

In the last 25 years, desertification has become increasingly apparent inthe dry sub-humid (annual rainfall 750 to 1500 mm ) regions of theworld.

The extent and impact of desertification on the utilization of natural

resources, environmental deterioration, the production of agriculture,forest, and animal husbandry are now much higher than before.

Therefore, studies on desertification will have greater significance both

in theory and in practice.

Importance of the project


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WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION?

Desertification can be defined as: Land degradation in arid, semi-

arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors,

including climatic variation and human activities. (United Nations

Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD1994))


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To assess and map spatial desertificationstatus by GIS aided integration of satellite

derived desertification indicators, soils and

climatic conditions

To characterize present biophysical

conditions of desertification induced

degraded zones using satellite derived

temporal biophysical parameters.

OBJECTIVE


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Study area and location

The study area is the Part of Eastern Rajasthan

State and falls in geographic coordinates of

Latitude 23

03

N to 28

13

N and Longitude72 14 E to 78 16 E. The study area

(132,981 sq.km) covers 21 districts of Eastern

Rajasthan State.


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District-wise Mean Monthly Rainfall (Cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jan

Feb

March

April

May

June

July

Aug

Sep O

ct

Nov

Dec

Month

Precipitation(Centimeters

AJMER ALWARBANSWARA BHARATPUR

BHILWARA BUNDICHITTAURGARH DUNGARPURJAIPUR & DAUSA JHALAWAR

KOTA & BARAN PALI

SAWAI MADHOPUR SIROHITONK UDAIPUR & RAJSAMAND

CLIMATE: semi-arid to sub humid

ANNUAL RAINFALL: (550mm-1640mm).

The daily minimum temperatures at night are

around 26C (summer) /4 C (winter)The daily maximum temperature reach in summer

40-48C (summer) / 28C (winter)

ELEVATION (100m-1698m).

SOILS: Dominant surface soil textures are

sandy, loamy and clayey. Large area 68.10 %

is under loamy surface soil texture and next

dominant texture is sandy (16.58%).

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES :Zone 1: Semi-Arid Eastern Plain (Ajmer, Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk districts)

Zone 2:Flood Prone Eastern Plains (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur, Karauli

districts)

Zone 3:Sub-humid Southern Plains (Aravalli Hills-Udaipur, Rajsamand,

Bhilwara,Chittaurgarh, Sirohi districts) Zone 4:Humid Southern Plains (Dungarpur and Banswara districts)

Zone 5: Humid South-Eastern Plains (Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Kota,

Baran, Jhalwar districts)

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE: Kharif (Rainy) season-Bajra (pearl millet), Jowar (Sorghum), maize,guar, sesamum (oil seeds), Soybean and Groundnut, Pulses

Rabi (Winter) season -Wheat, barley, gram, mustardCotton and sugarcane are the chief cash crops grown in the black soil in some region.


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DATA USED

REMOTE SENSING DATAIRS 1D Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) 188m, swath 810m

Path&Row: 096/051; 096/056

17 October 2004 (Kharif)

18 February 2005 (Rabi)

MODIS data (36 bands; 1km; swath 2,330 km)NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index): monthly composite

EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), monthly composite

LST (Land Surface Temperature), 8 day composite

LAI (Leaf Area Index), 8 day composite

Albedo, 16 day composite

METEOROLOGICAL DATA(Source:Department of Science and Technology Government of Rajasthan.Jaipur Resource Atlas of Rajasthan.)

Rainfall (past 25 years)Air temperature data (past 25 years)

Climatic water balance water surplus / water deficit

SOIL MAP: ( 1: 500,000 scale) ( Published by NBSS & LUP, India)

SOI TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS : 1:250,000 Scale ( 20 nos.)


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SATELLITE DATA IRS 1D WiFS

Rabi image (17 October, 2005)


Rabi image (17 October, 2005)Download MODIS image

of study area

Download MODIS image

of study area

Crop Inventory

Kharif

Crop Inventory

Kharif

Crop Inventory

Rabi

Crop Inventory

Rabi

Import to ERDASImport to ERDAS

Image ReprojectionImage Reprojection

Extraction of study area

Image from MODIS data

Extraction of study area

Image from MODIS data


Kharif image (18 February, 2005)


Kharif image (18 February, 2005)

Image Rectification and transformation

using MODIS data

Image Rectification and transformation

using MODIS data

Subset study areaSubset study area

Digital classification

Of Rabi and Kharif images

Digital classification

Of Rabi and Kharif images

Generation of cropping system, cropping pattern mapGeneration of cropping system, cropping pattern map

Mosaic imagesMosaic images

Extraction of study area Images of Kharif and RabiExtraction of study area Images of Kharif and Rabi

GIS aided spatial integration of

Kharif and Rabi crop seasons

GIS aided spatial integration of

Kharif and Rabi crop seasons

GCP identification of map to image

Transformation model

GCP identification of map to image

Transformation model

METHODOLOGY OF CROP & LAND USE INVENTORY AND CROPPING PATTERN MAPPING


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GROUND PHOTOS LU /LC CLASSES

Agricultural field (wheat harvesting)Severe affected for desertification

(sand dunes with scattered trees)

Severe affected for desertification (sand dunes with scattered trees)


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Agricultural field

Current fallow landHarvested mustard field

Agricultural field with mustard


11/43


Sambar salt lake with salt affected area

Sand StormUndulating up Lands with forest plantations


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Barren hills with scrubs Rock-out crops

Dry deciduous forest with undulating area Undulating up lands with barren sparse vegetation

Sandy barren area



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ELEVATION MAP

Eastern part of Rajasthan state

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

TERRAIN SLOPE MAP


0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

N

LEGEND

LEGEND

SRTM

DEM (90m)

download

SRTM

DEM (90m)

download

Mosaic imagesMosaic images

Image ReprojectImage Reproject

ReclassifyReclassify Filtering and ReclassifyFiltering and Reclassify 3D Visualization3D Visualization

ELEVATION MAPELEVATION MAP SLOPE MAPSLOPE MAP3D perspective

image after combining

With FCC

3D perspective

image after combining

With FCC

Subset study areaSubset study area

N

FLOW DIAGRAMMFLOW DIAGRAMM

OF ELEVATION AND SLOPEOF ELEVATION AND SLOPE


14/43

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

CLASSIFIED IMAGE OF

KHARIF SEASON

LEGEND

N


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1. Area statistics of land use / land cover classes of Kharif season (sq.km.)

1 AJMER 2528.83 6.73 1147.97 2.43 0.00 128.23 1.97 241.29 4.93 376.10

2 ALWAR 369.84 0.98 51 82 .1 4 1 0.9 8 28.81 0.99 1 09 4.71 16 .7 8 3.78 0.08 933.58

3 BANSWARA 1263.16 3.36 761.13 1.61 107.59 3.71 500.44 7.67 95.25 1.94 486.76

4 B ARAN 15.59 0.04 2615.20 5.54 81.82 2.82 708.15 10.85 90.55 1.85 1228.20

5 BHARATPUR 232.35 0.62 4022.22 8.52 2.40 0.08 74.33 1.14 0.39 0.01 218.36

6 BHILWARA 5 496 .0 6 1 4.62 1367.22 2.90 0.78 0.03 397.51 6.09 497.25 10.15 315.98

7 B UNDI 1079.76 2.87 2273.46 4.82 25.52 0.88 164.17 2.52 108.12 2.21 246.70

8 CHITTAURGARH 2378.05 6.33 2480.34 5.25 457.10 15.76 1108.53 16.99 987.33 20.16 632.209 DAUS A 708.40 1.88 1628.97 3.45 0.00 73.02 1.12 8.98 0.18 214.22

10 DHAULPUR 776.37 2.07 1260.33 2.67 3.29 0.11 156.82 2.40 0.07 0.00 407.37

11 DUNGARPUR 2784.33 7.41 139.01 0.29 30.89 1.06 35.27 0.54 117.20 2.39 47.11

12 JAIPUR 3296.43 8.77 5019.09 10.63 15.34 0.53 224.36 3.44 55.81 1.14 643.08

13 JHALAWAR 15.24 0.04 3530.94 7.48 35.56 1.23 680.09 10.42 12.51 0.26 472.87

14 KARAULI 573.49 1.53 2136.08 4.52 0.00 113.42 1.74 2.72 0.06 1085.45

15 KOTA 352.21 0.94 3783.33 8.01 35.87 1.24 381.86 5.85 156.43 3.19 316.36

16 PALI 4326.21 11.51 883.53 1.87 113.98 3.93 23.01 0.35 95.08 1.94 316.72

17 RAJSAMAND 2457.96 6.54 72.10 0.15 311.49 10.74 59.55 0.91 592.19 12.09 678.60

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 361.39 0.96 3309.97 7.01 0.28 0.01 228.15 3.50 8.02 0.16 278.65

19 SIROHI 2784.79 7.41 231.53 0.49 146.75 5.06 42.09 0.65 152.33 3.11 144.66

20 TONK 651.14 1.73 4783.25 10.13 0.00 171.88 2.63 120.66 2.46 145.26

21 UDAIPUR 5138.59 13.67 580.88 1.23 1 50 3.7 8 5 1.8 3 159.68 2.45 1 55 2.6 3 3 1.7 0 676.24

Sum 37590 100 47209 100 2901 100 6525 100 4899 100 9864

No

District Name

Gullied/RavinousLand

Hills(Barren/Rocky)

C.

Fallow

B

ajra

Gullied/Ra

vinousLand(%)

Bajra(%)

C.Fa

llow(%)

Forest(Dense)(%)

Forest(Open)(%)

Forest(Dense)

Fore

st(Open)

Contd.


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2. Area statistics of land use / land cover classes of Kharif season (sq.km.)

1 AJMER 3.81 0.00 185.77 12.40 1840.01 19.47 1 23 2.0 2 12 .7 6 46.51 3.08

2 ALWAR 9.46 2.58 0.14 0.00 1.98 0.02 61.32 0.64 5.12 0.34

3 BANSWARA 4.93 517.22 27.55 0.00 0.28 0.00 676.41 7.01 134.13 8.89

4 B ARAN 12.45 4.21 0.22 0.00 39.51 0.42 328.81 3.41 29.72 1.97

5 BHARATPUR 2.21 0.71 0.04 0.00 1.17 0.01 102.21 1.06 3.78 0.25

6 BHILWARA 3.20 26.58 1.42 32.69 2.18 622.23 6.58 651.67 6.75 134.94 8.94

7 B UNDI 2.50 323.43 17.23 7.70 0.51 509.27 5.39 296.32 3.07 50.65 3.36

8 CHITTAURGARH 6.41 464.21 24.73 8.62 0.58 368.64 3.90 463.89 4.80 261.23 17.319 DAUS A 2.17 0.78 0.04 0.00 24.18 0.26 36.58 0.38 59.73 3.96

10 DHAULPUR 4.13 1.70 0.09 0.00 12.44 0.13 121.58 1.26 23.79 1.58

11 DUNGARPUR 0.48 95.36 5.08 0.25 0.02 9.75 0.10 113.49 1.18 39.73 2.63

12 JAIPUR 6.52 10.71 0.57 218.14 14.56 540.23 5.72 196.80 2.04 36.90 2.44

13 JHALAWAR 4.79 2.05 0.11 0.00 20.82 0.22 840.76 8.71 34.18 2.26

14 KARAULI 11.00 1.17 0.06 1.10 0.07 89.35 0.95 828.18 8.58 10.07 0.67

15 KOTA 3.21 149.26 7.95 0.81 0.05 319.55 3.38 521.43 5.40 17.07 1.13

16 PALI 3.21 18.34 0.98 671.15 44.80 4092.98 43.30 712.82 7.38 49.94 3.31

17 RAJSAMAND 6.88 43.51 2.32 23.19 1.55 107.09 1.13 1145.39 11.86 24.42 1.62

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 2.82 0.18 0.01 2.19 0.15 139.40 1.47 292.75 3.03 161.42 10.70

19 SIROHI 1.47 19.58 1.04 334.99 22.36 388.89 4.11 330.04 3.42 24.35 1.61

20 TONK 1.47 4.63 0.25 7.03 0.47 305.62 3.23 161.24 1.67 309.33 20.50

21 UDAIPUR 6.86 191.28 10.19 4.49 0.30 19.12 0.20 541.22 5.61 52.27 3.46

Sum 100 1877 100 1498 100 9453 100 9655 100 1509 100

Hills(Barren/Rocky)(%)

UndulatingUpland(Barren/

Scrub)

WaterBody/River

UndulatingUpland(Barren/

Scrub)(%)

Other

Crop(%)

Salt-affec

tedLand(%)

Sandy/SandDunes(Barren)

(%)

Oth

erCrop

Salt-affectedLand

Sandy/SandDunes(Barren)

No

District Name

WaterBo

dy/River(%)


17/43

CLASSIFIED IMAGE OF

RABI SEASON

N

LEGEND

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers


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1. Area statistics of land use / land cover classes of Rabi season (sq.km.)

1 AJMER 2072.57 4.76 0.00 128.23 1.97 241.29 4.93 376.10 3.81 170.15

2 ALWAR 785.38 1.80 28.81 0.99 1094.71 16.78 3.78 0.08 933.58 9.46 2705.30

3 BANSWARA 1313.55 3.02 107.59 3.71 500.44 7.67 95.25 1.94 486.76 4.93 711.05

4 BARAN 1071.72 2.46 81.82 2.82 708.15 10.85 90.55 1.85 1 228 .2 0 1 2.45 1404.57

5 BHARATPUR 526.85 1.21 2.40 0.08 74.33 1.14 0.39 0.01 218.36 2.21 3246.56

6 BHILWARA 3946.97 9.06 0.78 0.03 397.51 6.09 497.25 10.15 315.98 3.20 841.40

7 BUNDI 1517.01 3.48 25.52 0.88 164.17 2.52 108.12 2.21 246.70 2.50 1434.44

8 CHITTAURGARH 3150.25 7.23 457.10 15.76 1 10 8.5 3 16 .9 9 987.33 20.16 632.20 6.41 1201.639 DAUSA 794.12 1.82 0.00 73.02 1.12 8.98 0.18 214.22 2.17 1292.21

10 DHAULPUR 838.29 1.92 3.29 0.11 156.82 2.40 0.07 0.00 407.37 4.13 887.38

11 DUNGARPUR 2279.09 5.23 30.89 1.06 35.27 0.54 117.20 2.39 47.11 0.48 170.85

12 JAIPUR 4645.32 10.66 15.34 0.53 224.36 3.44 55.81 1.14 643.08 6.52 2176.52

13 JHALAWAR 2384.92 5.47 35.56 1.23 680.09 10.42 12.51 0.26 472.87 4.79 1075.20

14 KARAULI 1012.14 2.32 0.00 113.42 1.74 2.72 0.06 1085.45 11.00 1465.30

1 5 KOTA 924.80 2.12 35.87 1.24 381.86 5.85 156.43 3.19 316.36 3.21 2326.62

1 6 PALI 2720.50 6.24 113.98 3.93 23.01 0.35 95.08 1.94 316.72 3.21 1.91

17 RAJSAMAND 1511.95 3.47 311.49 10.74 59.55 0.91 592.19 12.09 678.60 6.88 5.23

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 2021.86 4.64 0.28 0.01 228.15 3.50 8.02 0.16 278.65 2.82 1511.70

19 SIROHI 1785.57 4.10 146.75 5.06 42.09 0.65 152.33 3.11 144.66 1.47 6.57

2 0 TONK 3498.90 8.03 0.00 171.88 2.63 120.66 2.46 145.26 1.47 1640.07

21 UDAIPUR 4761.22 10.93 1503.78 51.83 159.68 2.45 1 552 .6 3 3 1.7 0 676.24 6.86 300.92

SUM 43563 100 2901 100 6525 100 4899 100 9864 100 24576

Hills(Barren/Rocky)(%)

No

Hills(Barren/Rocky)

District Name

C.

Fallow

Mustard

C.Fallow(%)

Forest(Dense)(%)

Forest(Dense)

Fore

st(Open)

Gullied/RavinousLand

Forest(Open)(%)

Gullied/Ra

vinousLand(%)

Contd.


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2. Area statistics of land use / land cover classes of Rabi season (sq.km.)

1 AJMER 0.69 192.41 11.91 3165.30 16.64 12 32.02 1 2.76 45.63 2.99 103.03 1.17

2 ALWAR 11.01 0.00 2.23 0.01 61.32 0.64 5.58 0.37 2 06 3.17 23 .3 5

3 BANSWARA 2.89 0.32 0.02 53.30 0.28 676.41 7.01 134.17 8.80 463.53 5.25

4 BARAN 5.72 0.00 41.11 0.22 328.81 3.41 30.64 2.01 156.19 1.77

5 BHARATPUR 13.21 0.00 1.94 0.01 102.21 1.06 3.46 0.23 481.42 5.45

6 BHILWARA 3.42 38.63 2.39 2226.28 11.70 651.67 6.75 136.43 8.95 490.01 5.55

7 BUNDI 5.84 7.88 0.49 631.53 3.32 296.32 3.07 50.12 3.29 603.29 6.838 CHITTAURGARH 4.89 10.25 0.63 725.12 3.81 463.89 4.80 262.99 17.25 610.85 6.91

9 DAUSA 5.26 0.00 33.26 0.17 36.58 0.38 61.78 4.05 240.69 2.72

10 DHAULPUR 3.61 0.00 14.46 0.08 121.58 1.26 22.76 1.49 311.74 3.53

11 DUNGARPUR 0.70 1.31 0.08 497.50 2.62 113.49 1.18 39.41 2.59 80.27 0.91

12 JAIPUR 8.86 225.25 13.94 639.20 3.36 196.80 2.04 38.91 2.55 1396.30 15.80

13 JHALAWAR 4.38 0.00 22.09 0.12 840.76 8.71 34.85 2.29 86.17 0.98

14 KARAULI 5.96 1.13 0.07 104.02 0.55 828.18 8.58 10.18 0.67 218.49 2.47

15 KOTA 9.47 0.49 0.03 403.63 2.12 521.43 5.40 16.68 1.09 950.01 10.75

1 6 PALI 0.01 700.91 43.39 6533.44 34.35 712.82 7.38 49.76 3.26 35.63 0.40

17 RAJSAMAND 0.02 28.98 1.79 1146.98 6.03 1145.39 11.86 24.53 1.61 10.60 0.12

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 6.15 2.54 0.16 162.44 0.85 292.75 3.03 165.66 10.87 110.35 1.2519 SIROHI 0.03 390.80 24.19 1557.47 8.19 330.04 3.42 23.68 1.55 20.04 0.23

2 0 TONK 6.67 7.39 0.46 388.75 2.04 161.24 1.67 315.27 20.68 210.62 2.38

21 UDAIPUR 1.22 7.10 0.44 671.92 3.53 541.22 5.61 51.85 3.40 193.62 2.19

SUM 100 1615 100 19022 100 9655 100 1524 100 8836 100

No

WaterB

ody/River

WaterBody/River(%)

W

heat

District Name

Must

ard(%)

Salt-affectedLand

Salt-affectedLand(%)

Wheat(%)

Sandy/Sand

Dunes(Barren)

Sandy/SandDunes

(Barren)(%)

UndulatingU

pland(Barren

Sc

rub)

UndulatingU

pland(Barren

Scru

b)(%)


20/43

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

CROPPING PATTERN MAP N

LEGEND


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1. Area statistics of Cropping pattern (sq.km.)

1 AJMER 49.27 2.24 15.30 0.51 0.00 0.00 128.23 1010.24 4.75 7.07 5.82

2 ALWAR 128.44 5.84 90.45 3.03 2.65 0.43 1.02 0.13 28.81 1094.71 591.06 2.78 0.00

3 BANSWARA 84.61 3.84 230.69 7.73 243.48 39.58 203.58 25.51 107.59 500.44 431.09 2.03 0.00

4 BARAN 0.00 0.07 0.00 4.42 0.72 1.24 0.16 81.82 708.15 1087.00 5.11 1.02 0.84

5 BHARATPUR 23.15 1.05 75.28 2.52 0.85 0.14 0.39 0.05 2.40 74.33 382.88 1.80 0.00

6 BHILWARA 266.14 12.09 176.76 5.92 11.24 1.83 10.11 1.27 0.78 397.51 654.85 3.08 5.69 4.69

7 BUNDI 153.75 6.99 219.91 7.37 40.04 6.51 265.19 33.23 25.52 164.17 950.82 4.47 0.35 0.29

8 CHITTAURGARH 109.64 4.98 67.68 2.27 176.08 28.63 179.76 22.53 457.10 1108.53 1274.82 5.99 1.38 1.149 DAUSA 64.93 2.95 387.16 12.97 0.25 0.04 0.14 0.02 73.02 590.99 2.78 0.00

10 DHAULPUR 132.65 6.03 163.82 5.49 1.48 0.24 0.57 0.07 3.29 156.82 360.23 1.69 0.00

11 DUNGARPUR 59.20 2.69 87.41 2.93 37.50 6.10 9.19 1.15 30.89 35.27 130.28 0.61 1.77 1.46

12 JAIPUR 868.93 39.48 991.05 33.19 5.44 0.88 0.78 0.10 15.34 224.36 3 428.1 6 1 6.1 2 5.34 4.40

13 JHALAWAR 1.38 0.06 1.70 0.06 1.87 0.30 0.67 0.08 35.56 680.09 2392.29 11.25 0.00

14 KARAULI 19.93 0.91 188.56 6.32 0.64 0.10 0.81 0.10 113.42 695.75 3.27 0.00

15 KOTA 50.47 2.29 56.62 1.90 37.50 6.10 109.07 13.67 35.87 381.86 775.45 3.65 0.00

16 PALI 25.24 1.15 0.64 0.02 0.18 0.03 0.04 0.01 113.98 23.01 972.10 4.57 33.54 27.63

17 RAJSAMAND 7.35 0.33 0.60 0.02 3.15 0.51 0.11 0.01 311.49 59.55 78.85 0.37 6.89 5.67

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 14.39 0.65 92.42 3.10 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.28 228.15 1820.99 8.56 0.00

19 SIROHI 19.76 0.90 0.67 0.02 1.84 0.30 0.00 146.75 42.09 246.38 1.16 56.20 46.29

20 TONK 32.30 1.47 57.43 1.92 0.00 0.00 171.88 3010.39 14.16 0.04 0.03

21 UDAIPUR 89.67 4.07 81.61 2.73 46.37 7.54 15.30 1.92 1503.78 159.68 380.69 1.79 2.12 1.75

Sum 2201 100.01 2986 100.00 615 100.00 798 100.00 2901 6525 21265 100.00 121 100.00

SaltAffec

tedLand-single

crop

(Bajra)(%)

For

est(Dense)

Forest(Open)

Lo

ngFallow

SaltAffec

tedLand-single

crop(Bajra)

Long

Fallow

(%)

DC(OtherCrop-Wheat)(%)

District Name

DC(B

ajra-Wheat)

DC(Ba

jra-Mustard)

DC(OtherCrop-Mustard)

DC(Othe

rCrop-Wheat)

DC(Bajra-Wheat)(%)

DC(Bajr

a-Mustard)(%)

DC(OtherCrop-Mustard)

(%)

Contd.


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2.Area statistics of Cropping pattern (sq.km).

1 AJMER 1215.48 13.75 0.00 153.50 0.76 50.08 0.85 1134.86 4.97 0.25 0.05 3962.45 10.67

2 ALWAR 0.88 0.01 0.00 2644.83 13.01 1885.00 31.90 184.07 0.81 0.25 0.05 1031.69 2.78

3 BANSWARA 51.18 0.58 0.25 0.60 184.18 0.91 187.85 3.18 882.79 3.87 60.05 12.41 1374.59 3.70

4 BARAN 0.00 0.00 1357.03 6.68 170.61 2.89 16.19 0.07 0.53 0.11 1713.68 4.62

5 BHARATPUR 0.74 0.01 0.00 3150.78 15.50 457.85 7.75 149.58 0.65 0.28 0.06 339.41 0.91

6 BHILWARA 1457.94 16.49 1.31 3.13 609.68 3.00 206.97 3.50 3331.00 14.59 7.25 1.50 2405.68 6.48

7 BUNDI 104.23 1.18 1.45 3.46 1112.91 5.47 203.44 3.44 585.33 2.56 16.47 3.40 1241.52 3.348 CHITTAURGARH 310.60 3.51 5.97 14.26 897.56 4.42 310.11 5.25 1836.58 8.04 113.42 23.44 2760.91 7.44

9 DAUSA 8.91 0.10 0.00 845.53 4.16 190.93 3.23 232.32 1.02 0.35 0.07 360.33 0.97

10 DHAULPUR 2.79 0.03 0.00 724.38 3.56 178.49 3.02 471.63 2.07 0.00 567.61 1.53

11 DUNGARPUR 462.62 5.23 0.14 0.33 30.54 0.15 7.32 0.12 2112.76 9.25 50.72 10.48 356.78 0.96

12 JAIPUR 92.04 1.04 0.07 0.17 1090.61 5.37 522.38 8.84 1260.76 5.52 6.75 1.40 1744.88 4.70

13 JHALAWAR 1.10 0.01 0.00 1078.03 5.30 90.66 1.53 13.01 0.06 0.64 0.13 1348.02 3.63

14 KARAULI 12.23 0.14 0.00 1233.97 6.07 213.83 3.62 341.18 1.49 0.07 0.01 2020.64 5.44

15 KOTA 75.92 0.86 0.25 0.60 2136.26 10.51 841.15 14.23 174.00 0.76 9.30 1.92 1350.46 3.64

16 PALI 2 30 1.0 0 2 6.02 1.31 3.13 1.31 0.01 8.02 0.14 1845.17 8.08 19.40 4.01 5958.82 16.05

17 RAJSAMAND 946.23 10.70 15.13 36.14 1.77 0.01 1.77 0.03 1550.22 6.79 35.49 7.33 2496.89 6.73

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 16.97 0.19 0.00 1377.74 6.78 111.02 1.88 227.86 1.00 0.49 0.10 891.98 2.40

19 SIROHI 1104.99 12.50 2.37 5.66 4.70 0.02 0.00 1604.41 7.03 18.13 3.75 1351.71 3.64

20 TONK 78.36 0.89 0.00 1536.33 7.56 185.06 3.13 486.76 2.13 4.28 0.88 1097.21 2.96

21 UDAIPUR 597.81 6.76 13.61 32.51 156.43 0.77 87.16 1.47 4396.90 19.25 139.75 28.88 2749.30 7.41

Sum 8842 100.00 42 100.00 20328 100.00 5910 100.00 22837 100.00 484 100.00 37125 100.00

SC(Fallow-Wheat)

Sandy/SDune

s-singlecrop

(othercrop)

Sandy/SDune

s-singlecrop

(otherc

rop)(%)

SC(Fallow-Mustard)

SC(Fallow-

Mustard)(%)

District Name

Sandy/SDune

s-singlecrop

(Ba

jra)

Sandy/SDune

s-singlecrop

(Bajr

a)(%)

SC(OtherCro

p-Fallow)(%)

Otherarea

Othera

rea(%)

SC(Fallow

-Wheat)(%)

SC(Bajra-Fallow)

SC(Bajra-

Fallow)(%)

SC(OtherC

rop-Fallow)

METHODOLOGY OF DESERTIFICATION STATUS MAPPING


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TEMPORAL SATELLITE DATA

OF KHARIF AND RABI

DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION

AND INTEGRATION

TEMPORAL SATELLITE DATA

OF KHARIF AND RABI

DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION

AND INTEGRATION

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

RAINFALL, AIR

TEMPERATURE AND SOIL

MOISTURE STORAGE

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

RAINFALL, AIR

TEMPERATURE AND SOIL

MOISTURE STORAGE

DIGITIZED SOIL MAP

AND SOIL ATTRIBUTE TABLE

DIGITIZED SOIL MAP

AND SOIL ATTRIBUTE TABLE

LAND USE AND CROPPING

PATTERN MAPS

LAND USE AND CROPPING

PATTERN MAPSWATER SURPLUS / DEFICIT

MAP

WATER SURPLUS / DEFICIT

MAP

Maps of soil parameters affecting

desertification processes such as

soil texture, salinity, erosion,

available soil moisture

Maps of soil parameters affecting

desertification processes such as

soil texture, salinity, erosion,

available soil moisture

Assigning numeric values to

Thematic classes based on

desertification risk
















DESERTIFICATION STATUS

INDEX


INDEX


MAP


MAP

METHODOLOGY OF DESERTIFICATION STATUS MAPPING


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Soil Map

(showing associations of soils with similar taxonomic classes)


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Rainfall Pattern &Water Surplus / Deficit map

N

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

LEGEND

N


26/43


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NDESERTIFICATION STATUS MAP


0 40 80 120 16020

Kilometers

The percentage of areas

under various classes of

degree of desertification

status in the study area are

1.67 % very high;

6.94 % high;

22.11% moderately high;

39.87% moderate;

25.11% less;

4.30 % very less.


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1 AJMER 431.20 1.63 3495.10 8.31 2771.29 11.88 422.71 5.77 186.26 10.58 420.17 7727

2 ALWAR 567.84 2.14 2788.68 6.63 861.72 3.69 68.32 0.93 0.04 0.00 3397.26 7684

3 BANSWARA 812.45 17.91 1488.97 5.62 1153.06 2.74 463.11 1.99 0.04 0.00 624.74 4542

4 BARAN 468.17 10.32 1463.56 5.52 770.61 1.83 436.57 1.87 17.42 0.24 1985.43 5142

5 BHARATPUR 0.00 577.77 2.18 3054.15 7.26 378.29 1.62 41.28 0.56 0.25 0.01 606.18 4658

6 BHILWARA 22.48 0.50 2419.65 9.13 4190.60 9.96 1421.54 6.09 200.75 2.74 7.10 0.40 1280.79 9543

7 BUNDI112.71 2.49 1776.35 6.70 1381.67 3.28 534.90 2.29 364.01 4.97 10.21 0.58 905.25

5085

8 CHITTAURGARH 311.49 6.87 2971.37 11.21 2800.98 6.66 1504.56 6.45 102.07 1.39 0.00 1919.67 9610

9 DAUSA 46.30 0.17 1171.51 2.78 1093.68 4.69 191.92 2.62 11.88 0.68 239.57 2755

10 DHAULPUR 22.69 0.50 1200.64 4.53 1164.02 2.77 73.23 0.31 303.18 2764

11 DUNGARPUR 7.81 0.17 1424.65 5.38 1050.46 2.50 260.49 1.12 5.87 0.08 663.11 3412

12 JAIPUR 0.00 373.59 1.41 2472.70 5.88 3554.72 15.24 2423.89 33.08 359.70 20.44 1072.29 10257

13 JHALAWAR 781.49 17.23 2892.87 10.92 392.57 0.93 99.53 0.43 0.04 0.00 0.00 1478.52 5645

14 KARAULI 7.81 0.17 452.72 1.71 2691.45 6.40 1117.79 4.79 50.33 0.69 0.07 0.00 520.86 4841

15 KOTA 1837.00 40.51 2123.93 8.02 337.96 0.80 297.67 1.28 109.57 1.50 1.59 0.09 1326.46 6034

16 PALI 324.88 1.23 2653.52 6.31 3678.11 15.77 2664.37 36.37 1150.13 65.36 832.75 11304

17 RAJSAMAND 358.99 1.35 1433.55 3.41 1355.65 5.81 259.07 3.54 2108.23 5515

18 SAWAI MADHOPUR 50.58 1.12 549.18 2.07 2047.58 4.87 1116.52 4.79 177.32 2.42 5.87 0.33 835.35 4782

19 SIROHI 78.78 1.74 813.90 3.07 1160.98 2.76 1033.28 4.43 113.70 1.55 20.46 1.16 1378.90 4600

20 TONK 0.00 1545.98 5.83 3548.93 8.44 852.64 3.66 86.49 1.18 6.19 0.35 619.81 6660

21 UDAIPUR 21.67 0.48 2691.23 10.16 2311.07 5.49 422.25 1.81 27.11 0.37 4946.85 10420

Sum 4535 26496 42071 23328 7326 1760 27465 132981

High(%)

Moderat

elyHigh(%)

Moderate(%)

Le

ss(%)

No

Dis trict Name

VeryLess

Less

VeryLess(%)

Moderate

Moder

atelyHigh

High

VeryHigh

Rock-out,B

uilt-UpWater

body

Sum

Very

High(%)

Area statistics of desertification status (sq.km).

Methodology of computation of area weighted spectral indices &


29/43

DOWNLOADING MODIS DATA

MAY 2004-APRIL 2005

DOWNLOADING MODIS DATA

MAY 2004-APRIL 2005

Import to ERDASImport to ERDAS

Layer Stack,Max computation,

Image re-projection,

Extraction of study area,

Multiplying with scale factor

Layer Stack,Max computation,

Image re-projection,

Extraction of study area,

Multiplying with scale factor

LAI/FPAR

8 day composite

LAI/FPAR

8 day composite

Land Surface

Temperature

8 day composite

Land Surface

Temperature

8 day composite

Surface Reflectance

8 day composite

Surface Reflectance

8 day compositeVegetation Indices

NDVI/EVI

Vegetation Indices

NDVI/EVIBRDF/Albedo

16 day composite

BRDF/Albedo

16 day composite

Digitized district

map

of the study area

Digitized district

map

of the study area

Monthly images of bio-physicalparameters of the study areaMonthly images of bio-physicalparameters of the study area

Desertification status

Zones map

Desertification status

Zones map

Computation of district wise and

Desertification zones wise

weighted average values ofbio-physical parameters

Computation of district wise and

Desertification zones wise

weighted average values of

bio-physical parameters

et odo ogy o co putat o o a ea we g ted spect a d ces &

biophysical parameters


30/43

Monthly NDVI Images of The Study Area

M hl EVI I f Th S d A


31/43

Monthly EVI Images of The Study Area

District and Desertification Status Zone Wise Variation of


32/43


Average Monthly NDVI & EVI

M thl Alb d I f Th St d A


33/43

Monthly Albedo Images of The Study Area


34/43

Monthly LAI (Leaf Area Index) Images of The Study Area



35/43


Average Monthly Albedo & LAI (Leaf Area Index)



36/43


Average Monthly LST (Land Surface Temperature)

S ( S f ) f S A


37/43

Monthly LST (Land Surface Temperature) Images of The Study Area

Relationships Between Biophysical Parameters (Peak Kharif Period Sept 2004)


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Albedo and LST Correlation

y = 70.07x + 24.272

R2

= 0.4428

20

30

40

50

0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21

Albedo

Temperature(C

NDVI and LST Correlation

y = -19.742x + 39.578

R2

= 0.5808

25

30

35

40

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

NDVI

Temperature(C

EVI and LST Correlation

y = -34.961x + 36.639

R2

= 0.5985

25

30

35

40

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

EVI

Temperature(C

LAI and LST Correlation

y = -1.7968x + 40.585

R2

= 0.4363

25

30

35

40

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00

LAI

Temperature(C

Albedo and LAI Correlatio

y = -0.0124x + 0.202

R2

= 0.33910.10

0.15

0.20

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00

Albedo

LAI

Albedo and NDVI Correlation

y = -2.8698x + 0.6564

R2

= 0.6343

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21

Albedo

NDVI

NDVI and EVI Correlation

y = 0.5612x - 0.0835

R2

= 0.9586

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

NDVI

EVI

Albedo and EVI Correlation

y = -1.3966x + 0.248

R2

= 0.4864

-0.1

0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21Albedo

EVI

NDVI and LAI Correlation

y = 8.4573x + 0.9564

R2

= 0.78871.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

NDVI

LAI

EVI and LAI Correlation

y = 14.578x + 2.217

R2

= 0.77

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

EVI

LAI

Relationships Between Biophysical Parameters (Peak Kharif Period, Sept., 2004)

Relationships Between Biophysical Parameters (Peak Rabi Period Feb 2004)


39/43

EVI and LST Correlation

y = -32.316x + 30.635

R2

= 0.5487

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

EVI

LST

NDVI and LST Correlation

y = -24.933x + 33.807

R2 = 0.4588

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

-0.02 0.03 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.23

NDVI

LST

LAI and LST Correlation

y = -2.2255x + 34.254

R2

= 0.2367

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50LAI

LST

Albedo and LST Correlation

y = 85.164x + 13.448

R2

= 0.3818

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22

Albedo

LST

NDVI and EVI Correlation

y = 0.8231x - 0.1032

R2

= 0.9516

-0.2

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

-0.05 0.05 0.15 0.25NDVI

E

VI

NDVI and LAI Correlation

y = 4.6761x + 0.8198

R2

= 0.4909

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.05 0.05 0.15 0.25NDVI

LAI

NDVI and Albedo Correlation

y = -0.078x + 0.2011

R2

= 0.1711

0.2

0.2

0.3

-0.05 0.05 0.15 0.25

NDVI

A

lbedo

EVI and LAI Correlatio

y = 4.6026x + 1.305

R2

= 0.3794

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

EVI

LAI

EVI and Albedo Correlation

y = -0.09x + 0.1952

R2

= 0.1318

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10EVI

Albedo

Relationships Between Biophysical Parameters (Peak Rabi Period,Feb., 2004)

Summary


40/43

Summary Rabi season dominant crops wheat and mustard and Kharif season dominant

crops Bajra and other crops (soybean, guar etc.) were identified and mapped

by digital classification of IRS: WiFS data.

Very large areas under degraded lands such as undulating upland (barren /

scrub); sand / sand dunes, gullied / ravenous; hills (barren /rocky) are also

mapped by digital classification of WiFS data. Over all more than 85%

classification accuracies were achieved for digital crop and land use / land

cover mapping.

12 different types of cropping pattern were identified and mapped by GIS aided

integration of Kharif and Rabi seasons crop and land use inventories.

Desertification status map showing spatial distribution of six classes of various

degree of degradation viz. very less, less, moderate, moderately high, high and

very high was generated by GIS aided integration of cropping pattern. Landuse, climatic water balance component (water surplus / deficit) and soil

properties information which control desertification process.

The percentage of areas under various classes of degree of desertification

status in the study area are 1.67% very high; 6.94% high; 22.11% moderately

high; 39.87% moderate; 25.11% less; and 4.30% very less. Contd

S


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Summary

The monthly MODIS satellite derived biophysical data of the study area

indicated that that very high to high desertification status zones have highervalues of albedo and lower values of NDVI, EVI and LAI. This is because of

the fact that these areas are mostly under barren landscape, sand / sand

dunes; highly eroded and less vegetated. The reverse trends have been

observed for the very less to less desertification status zones.

Significant positive linear relations have been observed between monthly

district wise average NDVI vs. LAI; EVI vs. LAI; Albedo vs. LST ; and NDVI

vs. EVI.

Whereas inverse linear relations have been observed for NDVI vs. Albedo;EVI vs. Albedo; LAI vs. Albedo; NDVI vs. LST; EVI vs. LST; LAI vs. LST.


42/43

CONCLUSIONS

IRS: WiFS digital data with moderately coarser spatial resolution (188m) can be

effectively used for regional crop and land use inventory following digitalsupervised classification with acceptable classification accuracy;

GIS tool is very helpful for generation of spatial cropping pattern inventory by

logical

integration of satellite derived multi crop seasons (Kharif and Rabi) crop and land use

inventories;

Desertification status map showing varying degree of soil and landscapes

degradation

can effectively be prepared by following GIS based spatial modeling approach, using

variety of information like cropping pattern; land use / land cover; climatic water

balance component (water surplus / deficit); desertification controlling soil propertiessoil surface texture, water holding capacity, soil salinity and erosion.

Public web-domain available various temporal MODIS data products such as

Albedo,

NDVI, EVI, LAI, and NPP etc are very useful for temporal characterization of

biophysical conditions of the desert prone areas. Long-term trends of these


43/43

THANK YOU

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