Jacksonian Democracy

Chapter 12

Lewis & Clark

• When did Lewis & Clark explore Louisiana the LA Territory?

• What did the explorations prove?

• Americans began to settle the southern portions

The argument over Missouri

• 1819-MO petitions for statehood

- 1st state carved from LA purchase

- slave state

• Northerners objected

- representation

- only consider admitting if free state

Missouri Compromise, 1819

• Mass offered northern counties as new state of Maine

- satisfied representation fears

• agreed to outlaw slavery above MO

• Compromise reaffirmed:

• South’s commitment to slavery

• North’s resentment of Southern power

Monroe Doctrine, 1823

• Monroe Doctrine established (1823)

- US was opposed to European

colonization in the Americas

- John Q. Adams

Election of 1824• Crowed field of presidential contenders

- Jackson, Adams, Clay etc.

• Andrew Jackson’s appeal

• Jackson wins pop & electoral votes

- election went to House of Rep

• Clay (House Speaker) promised Adam’s presidency in return for favor

• Adams elected

• Jackson supporters cry “Corrupt Bargain”

Election of 1828• Adam’s miserable presidency

• Jackson supporters form democratic party

- democracy, states rights & limited gov’t

• Adam’s campaign centered on Jackson’s character & wife

• Smear Campaign • Jackson overwhelmingly elected (p 318)

- vague inaugural address

Indian issues• 60k Indians still resided in the SW

- protected by federal treaties

• many states resented policy

• GA, Al, & MS defied federal policy

- began to regulate Indian affairs

• Jackson sided with the states

- believed federal gov’t lacked the power to recognize sovereignty within a state

Indian removal act of 1830• Jackson- send Indians to federal land west

of MS

• Worcester v. GA (1823)- Court declared state’s extension of power over Indian land unconstitutional

• Jackson refused to enforce decision

- allowed states to remove Indians

King Andrew

Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it!

Trail of Tears• 1838- remaining 18k Cherokees sent to

Oklahoma• 4k died of disease & starvation (p 320)

• removal unconstitutional

> violated supreme court decision

> strengthened Jackson’s commitment to state sovereignty

Age of Jackson

• created spoils system“to the victor belong the spoils”

Martin Van Buren• Whig party (1830s)

• Van Buren elected (1837)

• Panic of 1837

- many businesses close doors & unemployment rises

• What do the Whigs shout?

Election of 1840• Van Buren gets blame

• William Harrison elected• “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” (p 331)

Second party system established

• balanced budget (1833)

• Whigs & Democrats (1830-60)

• Both candidates received nearly equal levels of support in slave & free states

• Parties could take no state for granted