Properties of FluidsSPH4C

FluidsLiquids and gases are both fluids:a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.

FluidsLiquids and gases are both fluids:a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.

If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called __________. If the fluids are in motion, the study of them is called ____________.

FluidsLiquids and gases are both fluids:a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.

If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called fluid statics. If the fluids are in motion, the study of them is called ____________.

FluidsLiquids and gases are both fluids:a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container.

If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called fluid statics. If the fluids are in motion, the study of them is called fluid dynamics.

FluidsThe science and technology of the mechanical properties of liquids is called _________. Similarly, the science and technology of the mechanical properties of air and other gases is called ___________.

FluidsThe science and technology of the mechanical properties of liquids is called hydraulics. Similarly, the science and technology of the mechanical properties of air and other gases is called ___________.

FluidsThe science and technology of the mechanical properties of liquids is called hydraulics. Similarly, the science and technology of the mechanical properties of air and other gases is called pneumatics.

SystemsThe study of hydraulics and pneumatics includes the study of fluids that are not enclosed, such as lakes and air in the atmosphere, as well as pressurized systems that are enclosed.

SystemsA hydraulic system is a mechanical system that operates using a liquid under pressureA pneumatic system operates using a gas under pressure.

Whats the difference?Liquids flow and take the shape of their container but maintain a constant volume.

Whats the difference?Gases expand to fill the available volume.

States of Matter RevisitedThis is because the difference in what the particles are doing.

Particle Theory Revisited1. All matter is made up of extremely tiny particles.2. Each pure substance has its own kind of particles, different from the particles of other pure substances.

The same pure substance in three different states.

Particle Theory Revisited3. Particles are always moving. Particles at a higher temperature are generally moving faster on average than particles at a lower temperature.

Remember the Dance of the Molecules?

Particle Theory Revisited4. Particles attract each other.

See? Theyre smiling.

SolidsIn a solid, the particles are moving slowly enough that this attraction keeps them in a rigid structure.

LiquidsIn a liquid, the particles move fast enough that they cant stay in a rigid structure but they still want to stay close by.

GasesIn a gas, however, the particles are moving even faster and fly by each other, bouncing off the edges of the container.Evaporation: a liquid molecule becoming a gas molecule.

PlasmaNote that there is a 4th state of matter called plasma which has free electrons that can conduct electricity and be influenced by magnetic fields. It is similar to a gas in its properties.

CompressibilityGases are therefore highly compressible: their particles can be forced back closer together.

DensityThis means that their density, their mass per unit volume, is variable.

DensityThis means that their density, their mass per unit volume, is variable.

DensityThis means that their density, their mass per unit volume, is variable.

DensityThis means that their density, their mass per unit volume, is variable.

Density has units of kg/m3.

Density: ExampleA quantity of helium gas at 0C with a volume of 4.00 m3 has a mass of 0.712 kg at standard atmospheric pressure.Determine the density of this sample of helium gas.

Density: ExampleA quantity of helium gas at 0C with a volume of 4.00 m3 has a mass of 0.712 kg at standard atmospheric pressure.Determine the density of this sample of helium gas.

Density: ExampleA quantity of helium gas at 0C with a volume of 4.00 m3 has a mass of 0.712 kg at standard atmospheric pressure.Determine the density of this sample of helium gas.

Density: ExampleA quantity of helium gas at 0C with a volume of 4.00 m3 has a mass of 0.712 kg at standard atmospheric pressure.Determine the density of this sample of helium gas.

More About DensityDensity is a characteristic property of a substance: any sample of a pure substance at the same temperature and pressure has the same density.

More PracticeThe Density of Fluids Lab Activity