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Japan’s contributions on REDD-plus implementation
Activities of
REDD Research and Development Center, FFPRI
Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto
Director General, Hokkaido Research Center
(Former Director of REDD Research and Development Center)
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)
1
2016.7.15
REDD-plus Symposium
REDD+
• REDD+ (REDD-plus)
– Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable
management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon
stocks in Developing countries
• REDD: Activities for reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation
• +: Activities for maintaining and increasing forest
carbon stocks
2
History to REDD+ in UNFCCC • COP11, Montreal, 2005
– PNG and and Costa Rica proposed “Avoiding deforestation”
• COP13, Bali, 2007
– REDD was listed in Bali Roadmap
• COP14, Posnan, 2008 – REDD became REDD+
• COP15, Copenhagen, 2009 – Copenhagen accords show the needs of a new mechanism of REDD+
• COP16, Cancun, 2010 – Cancun agreement outlines a framework of REDD-Plus and shows a set of clear guidelines
and a work plan for the coming year.
• COP17, Durban, 2011 – Durban accords decides to launch a process for a new protocol from 2020
• COP18, Doha, 2012 – Discussion on modalities of National Forest Monitoring System and MRV
• COP19, Warsaw, 2013
– The Warsaw framework for REDD+
• COP20, Lima, 2014
– Lima information hub for REDD+
• COP21, Paris, 2015
– Paris Agreements
3
Activities of REDD R&D Center
• REDD R&D Center was established at FFPRI in July 2010.
• It carries out research and development on REDD+ and provides related entities with technical supports.
• The goal of the Center is to contribute building a society balancing sound forests and regional development and conserving global environment through REDD+ activities.
4
Research and Development
• Development of NFMS and MRV systems
– Remote sensing
– Ground-based inventory and Allometory equations
– in Cambodia, Myanmar, Peru, Malaysia, Paraguay
• Socio-economic analysis
– Driver analysis, Safeguards
– in Myanmar, Cambodia, Malaysia
• Publishing technical manuals and guidelines/guidance
– REDD–plus Cookbook & Annex Research Manuals
– Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus (Voluntarily developed)
– Safeguards Guidebook and Safeguard Approaches
5
On-going in underlined countries
Points for MRV
• We developed a standard procedure for forest carbon monitoring
for REDD+
• Removing clouds in satellite images of rain forests and seasonality
(phenology) of deciduous forests are important for large scale
forest maps.
• Repeating carbon stock survey at permanent sample plots is a key
• Allometry equations are useful for carbon stock survey.
• Combination of forest maps and carbon stock gives forest carbon
stocks
• We recommend to use “Stock Change Method” for estimation of
emission/removals in forests.
• Changes of carbon stocks in forests means removal/emission of
carbon
6
Field survey Remote sensing
Total carbon stock = Σ ( Forest areai x Mean carbon stocki )
Mean carbon stock i Forest area i
Image
classification
Verification
Plot survey
Allometry
Procedure of Forest carbon monitoring for REDD+
7
Decision of
forest classes (Example)
Evergreen
Deciduous
Others e.g. Rubber, Mangrove
Land use changes in Peninsular Malaysia
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Carbon Stock Changes in Cambodia
9
270 MgC ha-1
0 MgC ha-1
Period 1: 1990-92 Period 2: 1995-96
Period 3: 2002-3 Period 4: 2006-9
C sto
ck
change
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1-2期 2-3期 3-4期
西部 東部
Period 1-2 2- 3 3-4
West East
How to estimate carbon stocks in forests
• Applying Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs)
• Estimating biomass using allometry equations
• Appropriate forest type classifications for
reduction of uncertainty
• Estimating carbon stock changes with repeated
measurements
Cambodia
Evergreen forests
(including Semi-evergreen forests)
Deciduous forests
Malaysia
Lowland dipterocarp forests
Hill dipterocarp forests
Example of forest type classifications
Developing new allometry equations
Destructive sampling in Cambodia Destructive sampling in Paraguay
[Alto Parana forests] [Tropical monsoon forests]
1
10
100
1000
10000
1 10 100
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
1.0 10.0 100.0
11
Example of allometry equations
by Kiyono from REDD Cookbook
ba : Basal area
WD: Wood density
• Technical guidance on REDD-
plus for policy makers,
organizations and experts
• English, Japanese and Spanish
• 151 pages
• 36 Recipes
• Reference guide
• Written by 28 experts
• Downloadable form the Web of
REDD R&D Center
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REDD-plus Cookbook
Design of Recipe
REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Vol. 1 & 2
• Research Manual Vol. 1: Ground-Based Inventory
• Research Manual Vol. 2: Destructive Sampling for Tree Biomass
• Japanese and English
14
5
For accurate determination of the forest structure in a plot, all living trees within the plot
should be measured; however, this is laborious with regard to time and effort. Time and
effort can be saved using a nested plot structure (Figure 2, Gray area)[Recipe-T13].
2.4 Tools required for inventory
Tools required for establishing plots are shown in Table 1. The distance measurement in
the forest is carried out effi ciently using measurement tools such as a laser range fi nder or an
ultrasonic range fi nder.
Table 1 Tools required for establishing plots
Tool Number Remarks
Laser range fi nder 1 For measuring horizontal distance
Tape measure (30 m–50
m)1-3
For measuring the slope distance using a tape measure
when a laser range fi nder is not available.
Clinometer 1 For recording the inclination of the plot
Azimuth compass 1-2 For establishing plots and recording the plot location
GPS 1 For recording plot location
Stakes >1 Material of stakes varies depending on plot location.
Digital camera 1 For recording forest type of plot
Figure 2 Shapes of sample plot
Left: Rectangular-shaped plot (0.16 ha), Right: Circular-shaped plot (0.1 ha
REDD-plus COOKBOOK ANNEX
10
Table 6 Number of staff required for inventory
3.3.1 Recording a tree position selected as a measurement object
The sample plot explained in section 2.6.2 is divided into 16 square subplots (10 m × 10 m).
Each sample plot uses a nested plot structure. It should be noted that DBH threshold of the
trees designated as measurement objects differs depending on the subplot (see Figure 2).
In the permanent sample plot, the positions of the trees should be recorded for the
second and subsequent measurements, and the route of measurement should also
be determined. The positions of individual trees can be recorded easily and clearly by
attaching the code number in each subplot. Moreover, if the trees are numbered in a
regular pattern, for example, in a counterclockwise direction from the stake used as the
starting point, it will be easy to tell if any tree has disappeared when future measurements
are carried out [Recipe-T13]. Double measurement can be avoided by simply recording the
RoleDesired number of
staffRemarks
Staff for entering data of tree
census1-2
Work efficiency will be improved with staff who
have an overview of the entire project.
Staff for measuring DBH 1-2With more than one staff, measurement of DBH
and labeling can be done separately.
Staff for measuring tree height 1-2Depending on the number of tools for measuring
tree height.
Staff who can identify plant
species1-2
Identific
a
t ion of plant species and data entry may
be done by the same staff.
(2) Inventory carried out by a team
made up of two staff
(1) Tools
Photo 1 Inventory in the fie
l
d
Research Manual Vol. 1 Ground-Based Inventory
Just Working
• Revised REDD-plus Cookbook
– Respecting Paris Agreements in COP21
• REDD-plus Cookbook in French
– Especially for African countries
• REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Research Manuals
– Methods for Removing clouds
– Adjustment of phenology
– Ground truth survey
– Developing FREL/REL
– Safeguards
15
in this year
Safeguards
• Safeguard Guidebook for REDD+
– How to approach safeguards for REDD+ projects
– Check lists
• REDD+ Safeguard Approaches
– Information on safeguards activities on various projects in the world.
16
These books were developed by REDD+ Safeguard Research
Project Consortium (FFPRI, JIFPRO, MURC, JOFCA) ,
funded by Forestry Agency
An Example of Check lists
JCM Guidelines for REDD+
• FFPRI developed “Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus “ voluntarily
• Based on the FFPRI’s guidelines, related ministries and organizations are
developing JCM Guidelines for REDD+
• They are under discussion in the Joint Committee between Japan and
Indonesia
Joint Committee between Japan and Indonesia
17
Japan Public-Private Platform for REDD+
• FFPRI and JICA established REDD+ platform, and are working as
the Secretariat
• FPPRI organizes Knowledge Working Group and holds seminars
for experts, technicians and scientists
– Draft JCM guidelines for REDD+
– Safeguards
– Remote sensing techniques including LiDAR
18
Web of REDD R&D Center
• Cookbooks, SG guidebook
and other various information
are shown on the Web
• Latest information such as
international negotiations ,
symposiums and workshops
• Country reports
• Literature database
• Virtual training room
19
Country Reports
20
Thank you
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Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center
http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/
or Google “redd center ffpri”