Exploration and Conquering of Americas PPT

Instructions: This activity was designed to help students summarize the information on the notes page of the same name. This activity works best in small groups or pairs so that students have an opportunity to discuss the information and decide what the most important information is to write down. The key questions promote thought about the topic covered.

TEKS: WH1D, WH6A, WH6B, WH7A, WH7B, WH7C, WH7D, WH24A, WH27B

RBHYS: Summarizing and Note Taking

Hinkle-OL

European Exploration and the Conquering of the Americas

Jarett Publishing

Why the Interest in Exploration?Asia

Marco Polo’s writings sparked European interest in Asia

Asian goods, especially spices and silk, were sought after in Europe

The Silk Road was cut off by the Ottoman Turks

Renaissance: A new spirit of inquiry

arose Europeans wanted to

explore the oceans New technology allowed

for better navigation, especially the compass and triangular lateen sail

Caravel: TAMU.edu

What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on European Exploration?

The Age of DiscoveryBoth Spain and Portugal

wanted to establish trade with Asia and financed overseas exploration

Spain’s Rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella: Captured the Muslim areas of

Spain Expelled Spain’s Jewish

Community Reunited all of Spain under

Christian Rule Sought to spread Christianity

across the worldPortugal

Prince Henry developed a lighter sailing ship

He sponsored expeditions along the coast of Africa

Ferdinand and Isabella wedding portrait, unknown artist

Why would European monarchs spend so much money on exploration?

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)

Sea Captain from Genoa, Italy

Sailed west in 3 ships in hopes of finding a quicker route to Asia

Sponsored by the King and Queen of Spain

Found instead the Americas

This new land brought riches and raw materials to Europe

Why would Columbus risk his life to find a new trade route?

The Columbian ExchangeGoods from America

to Europe:TomatoesCornPotatoesPeppersSquashPineapplesChocolateTobaccoTurkey

Goods from Europe to America:WheatSugarCattleHorsesPigsSheepChickensGrains

Wikipedia.com

What other items might have been exchanged besides food and animals?

How is this map different from the previous one?

Impact on the Americas: New livestock, including cattle,

sheep, and pigs, as well as crops from Africa resulted in a change in diet.

Re-introduction of horses led to changes in transportation.

New diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans; slaves from Africa transformed labor systems.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Impact on Europe:New foods and plants resulted in a population

increase.The Americas became a valuable source of

cotton and sugar, resulting and colonization and plantation systems where primarily forced labor was used, leading to the development of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.

The impact of the Columbian Exchange pushed beyond Europe into Asia where populations increased due to more nutrient-rich foods.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Later ExplorersVasco de Gama

(1460-1524): PortugueseDiscovered an all

water route to India

Sailed around the tip of Africa in 1497

Ferdinand Megellan (1480-1521):Portuguese1st to sail around

the world (1519)

What dangers might these men have faced in these voyages?

The Conquest of the Americas

wikipedia

The Conquest of Mexico1519: Hernando Cortez

sailed from Cuba to Mexico.

The Aztecs first thought the Spanish were gods

1521 Cortez attacked the Aztecs with the help of other Native Americans.

The Aztecs were defeated mainly because a smallpox epidemic had broke out and killed many of them.

The Aztecs surrender to Cortex, The British Library

The caption means “Now the Mexica (Aztecs) were finished.”

Based on what you know about the Aztecs, why would other tribes help Cortez?

The Conquest of Peru1530 Francisco Pizarro left

Panama to conquer the Incas.The Incas just had a civil war.The Spanish pretended to be

friendly and ambushed and killed the emperor. Spain won because of their superior technology.

In 1533 Pizarro captured the Inca capital.

The Spanish forced the Inca to become Christian and were used as a labor force.

Conquistador fighting the IncasWhat advantages in technology did the Spanish have over the American natives?

Colonial Latin AmericaLatin America= blend of

European and Native American culture

Government: Viceroys (governor) ruled each Spanish province.

Spanish born citizens filled most positions in the government and military.

Gold and silver from the Americas was shipped back to Spain. This made Spain the strongest European power.

ushistory.com

What problems in governing such a large territory might the Spanish have faced?

Colonial SocietyConquistadors:

(Spanish Nobles) owned the land

Native Americans: worked the land

Priests: tried to convert the Indians to Christianity and keep them from becoming slaves

Colonial SocietyAfter a while this social

order developed:Noble officials and

landowners born in Spain (peninsulares): head of colonial society

Spanish people born in the New World (creoles)

Mixed Spanish and Native American people (mestizos)

Native Americans (did most of the hard work)

What observations do you have about this social structure?

The English Colonies1607: English

established Jamestown in Virginia

1620: Pilgrims establish colony in Massachusetts

1630: The Puritans settle near the Pilgrims

Eventually 13 colonies arose along the Atlantic coast

The Atlantic Slave TradeDisease killed

many Native Americans

A new labor force was needed in the New World

In Africa conquering tribes sold their captives to the Europeans

Based on the map, which European power acquired the most African slaves?

The Atlantic Slave TradeGrew as a system of

slavery from West Africa to the Americas (primarily the Caribbean and Brazil) and changed the social structures.

15 million Africans were enslaved

11 million went to Spanish colonies

Many died coming across the Atlantic in what has become known as the “Middle Passage.”

• Most male slaves crossed the Atlantic while most female slaves journeyed from West Africa to Southwest Africa

Legacy of the Transatlantic Slave

Trade on Africa

Encouraged African Warfare:

captured slaves were traded for guns, rum,

and other manufactured goods

Disrupted African Culture:

destroyed Africa’s culture and heritage and led to violence,

bitterness, and social upheaval

Increased Cultural Diffusion:

ideas, good, and cultures were

exchanged in Africa and the Americas

How has African culture affected

American society and culture?