Jetrei_Benito_How to Use SPSS

8/16/2019 Jetrei_Benito_How to Use SPSS

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How to use SPSS

By Jet Benito


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What

A simple point and click software for Statistical

Analysis


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SPSS Interface


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Menu Bar

Contains the point and click commands


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Data View

Displays the data


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Variable View

Enumerates the variables


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Variable View

Contains a table listing the variables


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Name Column

Shows the Name of each variable


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Type Column

Shows whether a variable contains numbers or texts


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Label Column

Shows the label name of each variable


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Values Column

Shows the label for a value (explained later)


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Missing Column

Shows the value assigned for missing entries


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Measure Column

Shows the measure of a variable (explained later)


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How to import data


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Press “File”


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Select “Open”


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Select “Data”


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Select your file


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Press “Open”


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Importing data from excel


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Set SPSS to Data View


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In Excel, Highlight the data

you want to transfer


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Press this button


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Press “Copy”


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In SPSS, Select the top left most cell


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Press “Edit”


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Select Paste


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The data will now be in SPSS


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Renaming Variables


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The new data created

two unnamed variables


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Go to “Variable View”


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The new variables are listed in the

table


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To Rename a Variable,

Select its appropriate cell


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Type the new variable name


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Rinse and Repeat for all Variables


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The changes in the variable view…


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… reflect in the

Data View automatically


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Changing the Variable type


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Before we continue,

Old New

Let’s expand the sample dataset


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The new dataset uses both

numeric and string (text) variables


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SPSS automatically assigns

the type of each variable


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To manually change a variable’s type,

select its cell


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Press this button


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In the new window,

Select the new type (i.e.: String)


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Press “OK” to implement the change


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Variable d is now a string variable


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Assigning Labels to a Variable

Th i i i i i


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There are restrictions in assigning

names to variables


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EXAMPLES

V i bl t t t ith


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Variable names cannot start with

numbers


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Variable names cannot have spaces

T i bl t h


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Two variables cannot have

the same name

L b l ll t k d th


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Labels allow you to work around these

restrictions

T i l b l


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To assign a label,

select the variable’s respective cell


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Type in the Label


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Press Enter


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Rinse and Repeat for all variables


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Assigning Labels to a Value


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Categorical Variables

The observations are

categories,

i.e.: Male or Female


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Numbers could represent

categories,

i.e.:Male=1

Female=0

To assign labels to values


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To assign labels to values,

select the variable’s respective cell


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Press this button


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Input the Value


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Assign a Label


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Press “Add”


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Rinse and Repeat for all values


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Press “OK” to finish

The values in variable d are now


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The values in variable d are now

properly labeled


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Missing Values


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There are times when the data has missing entries


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Assigning a specific value is one remedy to this problem


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Using the Missing Column is similar

to assigning value labels


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Select the variable’s respective cell


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Press this button


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Enable “Discrete missing Values”

Type in the value assigned


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Type in the value assigned

for missing entries

“ ”


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Press “OK”

Labels are important for


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Labels are important for

graphs and tables (covered later)


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Defining a Variable’s Measure


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Variables have different

levels of measurement

L l f M


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Levels of Measurement

The difference between

observations determines

the level

N i l


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Nominal

The difference is in name

only

i.e.: Categorical Variables

O di l


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Ordinal

The difference has a rank

i.e.:

Great, Greater, Greatest

S l


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Scale

Difference is based on afixed scale

i.e.: Height

S l h i bl ’ i ll


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Select the variable’s respective cell

Choose the appropriate level


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pp p

(i.e.: Variable e measures distance)

V i bl i S l V i bl


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Variable e is now a Scale Variable

V i bl ft d t t t t


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Variables after data treatment


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How to generate Summary Statistics

and Graphs

S l t “A l ”


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Select “Analyze”

S l t “D i ti St ti ti ”


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Select “Descriptive Statistics”

S l t “F i ”


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Select “Frequencies”

(Optional)


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( p )

Enable “Display frequency tables”

Select the Variable of Interest


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Select the Variable of Interest

Then Press this button


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Then Press this button

For Scale Variables Press “Statistics”


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For Scale Variables, Press Statistics

Select the Statistics to be computed


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Select the Statistics to be computed

Then Press Continue


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Then Press Continue

For Nominal or Ordinal Variables,


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Press “Charts”

Select either Bar Chart or


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Select either Bar Chart or …

pie chart


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… pie chart

In Chart Values Select “Percentages”


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In Chart Values, Select Percentages

Press “Continue”


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Press Continue

Press “OK” to display results


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Press OK to display results

SPSS will the display results


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in a new window

Use this to easily navigate


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in the new window

Notice that the labels are displayed


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instead of variable names

For Scale Variables,


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Summary Statistics are displayed here

For Nominal and Ordinal Variables,


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Refer to the Frequency Table

And the Pie Chart


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And the Pie Chart

Double Click an item to edit it


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Double Click an item to edit it

This will open a new window


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called the “Chart Editor”

Press this Button


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Press this Button

Then Click a “slice” of the Chart


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Then Click a slice of the Chart

This will label the “Slice”


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This will label the Slice

Rinse and Repeat for all “Slices”


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Rinse and Repeat for all Slices

Close the Chart Editor

h h


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to save the changes

Which will update the

h h Di l


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chart at the Display


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The End

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Jetrei_Benito_How to Use SPSS