Job #: 108275

Author Name: Ralyte

Title of Book: IFIP Situational Method Engineering

ISBN #: 9780387739465

SITUATIONAL METHODENGINEERING: FUNDAMENTALS ANDEXPERIENCES

IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First WorldComputer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umb rella organization forsocieties worki ng in information processing, IFIP's aim is two- fold : to supportinformat ion processing within its memb er countries and to encourage technology transferto deve loping nations. As its miss ion statement clearly states ,

/F/P's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apoliticalorganizatio n which encourages and assists in the development,exploitation and application of information technology for the benefitofall people.

IFIP is a non-p rofi tmaking organizat ion, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers . It operatesthro ugh a numb er of techn ical committees, which organize events and publications.IFIP 's events range from an international congress to local seminars , but the mostimportant are:

• The IFIP World Computer Co ngress , held every seco nd year;• Open confer ences;• Workin g conferences .

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited andcontr ibuted papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigoro usly refereed and therejec tion rate is high.

As with the Congress, part icipation in the open conferences is open to all and papers maybe invited or submitted. Again , submitted pape rs are stringe ntly refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a work inggro up and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create anatmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorou s andpapers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP even ts vary . The papers presented at the IFIP WorldComputer Congress and at open conferences are publ ished as conference proceedin gs,while the resu lts of the working conferences are often published as co llections of selectedand edi ted paper s.

Any national soc iety whose primary act ivity is in information may apply to become a fullmember of IFIP , although full membership is restr icted to one socie ty per country. Fullmemb ers are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societiespreferring a less committed invo lvement may apply for associate or correspondingmemb ership . Associate memb ers enjoy the same benefits as full memb ers, but withoutvoting rights . Corresponding memb ers are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affil iatedmembershi p is open to non-national societies, and indiv idual and honorary membersh ipschemes are also offered .

SITUATIONAL METHODENGINEERING:FUNDAMENTALS ANDEXPERIENCES

Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.1 WorkingConference, 12-14 September 2007, Geneva,Switzerland

Edited by

Jolita RalyteUniversity of Geneva, Switzerland

Sjaak BrinkkemperUtrecht University, The Netherlands

Brian Henderson-SellersUniversity of Technology, Sydney, Australia

€l Springer

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007931958

Situational Method Engineering: Fundamentals and Experiences

Edited by 1. Ralyte, S. Brinkkemper, and B. Henderson-Sellers

p. em. (IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, a Springer Series inComputer Science)

ISSN: 1571-5736/1861-2288 (Internet)ISBN: 13: 978-0-387-73946-5

eISBN: 13: 978-0-387-73947-2Printed on acid-free paper

Copyright © 2007 by International Federation for Information Processing.All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the writtenpermission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use inconnection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they arenot identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subjectto proprietary rights.

98765432springer.com

Preface

This proceedings volume contains the papers of the scientific program of theIFIP Working Group 8. I working conference on Situational Method Engineering:Fundamentals and Experiences. The conference has been held from 12 to 14September 2007 at the University of Geneva in Switzerland.

Since the early 1980s, the IFIP WG8.1 working conferences have provided aforum for the presentation and exchange of research results and practical experienceswithin the field of information systems development methods. After two successfulMethod Engineering conferences in Atlanta in 1996 and in Kanazawa in 2002, it isnow time again to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas in and give a state ofthe art overview in Method Engineering. The conference programme features threeinvited keynote presentations, paper presentations and one interactive panel session.Besides, tutorials have been arranged to learn about the basics of MethodEngineering. The format of a working conference allows for extensive paperdiscussions featured by discussant reviews in plenary sessions.

Over the last decade Method Engineering, defined as the engineering disciplineto design, construct and adapt methods, including supportive tools, has emerged asthe research and application area for using methods for systems development.Hundreds of methods have been published ranging from generic methods to methodsfor specific projects or domains. We mention: Unified Process, RUP, DSDM,SSADM, Merise, UML, OPEN Process Framework for general systemsdevelopment; ARIS and DEM for ERP implementations ; Serum, XP (XtremeProgramming), Crystal in the agile movement; T-map for Testing; Attribute DrivenDesign method and TOGAF for software architecture; Archimate and DynamicArchitecture (DYA) for enterprise architecture.

Several theories have emerged as basic instruments in Method Engineering.Meta-modelling proves useful to identify the concepts and internal structure of amethod, and provides means for building method support tools. Methods areunderstood to be built from so-called method fragments or method chunks, which arestored in a method base and can be assembled in a newly configured method.Perspectives and viewpoints aid in distinguish ing processes, deliverables and eventsin systems development. Situational method engineering was coined to deal with theadaptation of a generic method to the actual situation of a project. Tool support for

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method engineering turns out to be not yet as successful as process managementtools and metaCASE tools seem not to make it beyond the arena of specialists.

Many issues are still open for research. Studies in particular domains reveal thatspecific project needs are not covered, thus asking for method extensions or forspecialized domain methods. Another issue is the classification and granularity ofmethod fragments, or method chunks, that are to be configured into new methods.The notion of situationality of a method and of the suitability of method fragmentshas been investigated but still requires more theory and experimentation. The sameapplies for assembly and configuration of methods and tools, where formalconstruction techniques and assembly guidelines are to be explored. Most methodengineering activities are nowadays performed from open methods or from corporateknowledge infrastructures and require further investigation. Experience reports andempirical validation of all these issues in industrial contexts will contribute to thetheory building in the area of Method Engineering.

The conference organizers have send out a call for papers through the usualchannels of international mailing lists of researchers active in Method Engineering.A total of 47 papers were received and each paper has been reviewed by fourmembers of the program committee, recruited from IFIP 8.1 members and otherresearchers active in method engineering domain. The overall quality of the paperswas very high, and very well fitting to the scope of Method Engineering. During theconference preparation meeting in Geneva the program committee decided to accept23 papers for presentation in the main program and publication in this volume. Forthe poster session 5 papers were selected.

We wish to thank the members of the international program committee and theadditional reviewers, who assisted in making a good selection for a high qualityprogram. A special word of thanks goes to the chairman ofIFIP Working Group 8.1,Barbara Pernici of the Politecnico di Milano, and the leader of the Matis team of theUniversity of Geneva, Michel Leonard for their support and advice. We furthermorethank the keynote speakers and tutorial organizers for their willingness to present thelatest views in our conference. We finally want to thank Mehdi Snene for his workon the conference management system, and Inge van de Weerd for the design andmaintenance of the conference website.

We wish you a pleasant reading and a fruitful use of our research results in yourapplications or research in methods for information systems development.

lolita RalyteSjaak Brinkkemper

Brian Henderson-Sellers

Conference Committee

General Chair

Brian Henderson-Sellers, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Program Chairs

lolita Ralyte, University of Geneva, SwitzerlandSjaak Brinkkemper, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Organising Chair

Mehdi Snene, University of Geneva, Switzerlands

Web Master

Inge van de Weerd, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Program Committee

Par J. AGERFALK, IrelandJacky AKOKA, FranceDavid AVISON, FrancePer BACKLUND, SwedenAlbertas CAPLINSKAS, LithuaniaMassimo COSSENTINO, ItalyRebecca DENECKERE, FranceXavier FRANCH, SpainCesar GONZALEZ-PEREZ, Spain

John GRUNDY, New ZealandPeter HAUMER, USAFrank HARMSEN, The NetherlandsRemko HELMS, The NetherlandsManfred JEUSFELD, The NetherlandsPaul JOHANNESSON, SwedenFrederik KARLSSON, SwedenJohn KROGSTIE, NorwaySusanne LEIST, Germany

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Michel LEONARD, SwitzerlandMauri LEPPANEN, FinlandKal1e LYYTINEN, USAIsabel1e MIRBEL, FranceHaralambos MOURATIDIS, UKMohan NARASIPURAM, Hong KongSelmin NURCAN, FranceAntoni OLIVE, SpainLeon J. OSTERWEIL, USAOscar PASTOR, SpainJuan PAVON, SpainBarbara PERNICI, ItalyAnne PERSSON, Sweden

Additional Referees

Lena AGGESTAM, SwedenTobias BUCHER, SwitzerlandStephan KURPJUWEIT, SwitzerlandValeria SEIDITA, ItalyMaurice VERHELST, BelgiumJonas SJOSTROM, Sweden

Yves PIGNEUR, SwitzerlandKlaus POHL, GermanyNaveen PRAKASH, IndiaErik PROPER, The NetherlandsColette ROLLAND, FranceMatti ROSSI, FinlandMotoshi SAEKI, JapanGuttorm SINDRE, NorwayMonique SNOECK, BelgiumI1-Yeol SONG, USAJuha-Pekka TOLVANEN, FinlandRichard WELKE, USARobert WINTER, Switzerland

Table of Contents

Keynote Talks

Domain-Specific Modeling: The Killer App for Method Engineering? .Steven Kelly

Method Engineering: Trends and Challenges. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. . .. 6Colette Rolland

Supporting Situational Method Engineering with ISO/IEC 24744 and theWork Product Pool Approach 7

Cesar Gonzalez-Perez

Fundamentals

Multi-Grounded Action Research in Method Engineering: The MMC Case... 19Fredrik Karlsson and Par J. Agerfalk

Situational Method Engineering: On the Differentiation of "Context" and"Project Type" 33

Tobias Bucher, Mario Klesse, Stephan Kurpjuweit, Robert Winter

Examining Key Notions for Method Adaptation................................ .... 49Mehmet N. Aydin

Situational Method Engineering

Method Chunks Selection by Multicriteria Techniques: an Extension of theAssembly-based Approach............................................................. 64

Elena Kornyshova, Rebecca Deneckere, and Camille Salinesi

Reuse Mechanisms in Situational Method Engineering........................... 79Jorg Becker, Christian Janiesch, Daniel Pfeiffer

Developer Driven Approach to Situational Method Engineering................. 94Antero Jarvi, Harri Hakonen and Tuomas Makila

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Meta-modelling Approaches

Characterizing Knowledge Intensive Tasks indicating CognitiveRequirements; Scenarios in Methods for Specific Tasks 100

S.J. Overbeek, P. van Bommel, H.A. (Erik) Proper and D.B.B. Rijsenbrij

Partial Evaluation in Meta Modeling 115Manfred A. Jeusfeld

Representation of Method Fragments: A Comparative Study....... 130Anat Aharoni and Iris Reinhartz-Berger

Perspectives on Method Engineering

Taxonomic Dimensions for Studying Situational Method Development.. 146Mehmet N Aydin, Frank Harmsen and Jos van Hillegersberg

Component-based Situational Methods: A framework for understanding SME 161Yves-Roger Nehan and Rebecca Deneckere

Connecting Method Engineering Knowledge: A Community Based Approach 176Isabelle Mirbel

Method Quality

Situational Method Quality. . 193Liming Zhu and Mark Staples

Complete Methods for Building Complete Applications 207Naveen Prakash

Process Patterns for Agile Methodologies 222Samira Tasharofi and Raman Ramsin

Domain Specific Methods

Domain-specific Adaptations of Product Line Variability Modeling 238Deepak Dhungana, Paul Griinbacher and Rick Rabiser

A Look at Misuse Cases for Safety Concerns 252Guttorm Sindre

Engineering Medical Processes to Improve Their Safety: An ExperienceReport 267

Leon J. Osterweil, George S. Avrunin, Bin Chen, Lori A. Clarke, RachelCobleigh, Elizabeth A. Henneman and Philip L. Henneman

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Process Intproventent

Software Process Improvement Based on the Method Engineering Principles.. 283Marko Bajec, Damjan Vavpotic, Stefan Furlan and Marjan Krisper

Defining a Scope for COTS Selection Methods 298Fredy Navarrete, Pere Botella and Xavier Franch

Developing a Reference Method for Game Production by MethodComparison 313

Inge van de Weerd, Stefan de Weerd and Sjaak Brinkkemper

Organisation Modelling

Towards Evidence Based Splitting of Organizations 328Martin Op 't Land

A Formal Framework for Modeling and Analysis of Organizations.......... .... 343Viara Popova and Alexei Sharpanskykh

Panel

Modularization Constructs in Method Engineering: Towards CommonGround? 359

Piir J. Agerfalk, Sjaak Brinkkemper, Cesar Gonzalez-Perez, BrianHenderson-Sellers, Fredrik Karlsson, Steven Kelly and Jolita Ralyte