Joe Fazio BE REU @ SLU

Dr. Shelley D. Minteer Kyle Sjöholm

SLU Department of Chemistry

Enzymatic Glucose Biofuel Cell:Concentration Studiesand Biocompatibility

Background

Enzymatic Biofuel cell: Enzymes Power biomedical

devices High power and current

density Incomplete oxidation

www.nano-biokit.com

Biofuel Cell Process

Reaction at anode produces protons

Electrons create current Protons diffuse to cathode Protons at cathode react

with oxygen

Mediated Electron Transfer (MET) Commonly used to

reduce overpotential

Facilitates ion transfer to electrode

NAD+

NADH

Gluconolactone

Glucose Dehydrogenase Entrapped in

Polymer

Glucose

060 Toray Paper

Electrode

Electrocatalyst

2e-

Modified Polymers Immobilize enzymes Extend functional lifetime

Microencapsulation: Support enzyme structure

Neutral pH Micellar environment Geometry Ion exchange

properties

Polymer encapsulation

Project Goals

Power Densities Hypoglycemic (3mM) Normal (5mM) Hyperglycemic (8mM)

Biocompatibility Bulk electrolysis Live/dead assay

• Biofilm formation

Basic Components

Anode: 060 Toray Paper electrodes Fuel: Glucose Enzyme: Glucose Dehydrogenase Cofactor: NAD+

Electrocatalyst: Poly(methylene green) (PMG) Modified polymer:

Nafion® Chitosan

Polymer modification Nafion®: Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) Chitosan

Hydrophobic Deacylation

Co-cast polymer and enzyme onto electrode

Soak electrodes in solution of glucose overnight

Electrode Preparation

Chitosanhttp://www.global-b2b-network.com/

Experimental Set-up

3, 5, 8mM glucose fuel NAD+, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer

Open circuit potential (~1000secs)

Linear sweep voltammetry (<1mV/sec)

Power density equation P=I*V

Diagram of Icell

+

-

V

Glass tube

Glass tube

Bioanode

Nafion PEM

4.5cm2 20% Pt GDE Cathode

Fuel Solution

Air

O-ring

O-ring

Potentiostat+

-

V

Glass tube

Glass tube

Bioanode

Nafion PEM

4.5cm2 20% Pt GDE Cathode

Fuel Solution

Air

O-ring

O-ring

Potentiostat

8mM Averages

Current Density, Amps/cm2

0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5 5e-5

Po

we

r D

en

sity

, Wa

tts/c

m2

0

2e-6

4e-6

6e-6

8e-6

3mM Averages

Current Density, Amps/cm2

0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5

Pow

er D

ensi

ty, W

atts

/cm

2

0

1e-6

2e-6

3e-6

4e-6

5e-6

6e-6

7e-6

Power Density Test Results

Average Maximum Power Density* µW/cm2

  3mM 5mM 8mM

Chitosan 2.87(±0.21) 2.82(±0.52) 3.32(±0.46)

Deacylated chitosan 6.04(±3.23) 6.15(±3.51) 7.52(±4.31)

Nafion® 0.28(±0.02) 0.29(±0.02) 0.33(±0.04)

5mM Averages

Current Density, Amps/cm2

0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5 5e-5

Pow

er D

ensi

ty, W

atts

/cm

2

0

1e-6

2e-6

3e-6

4e-6

5e-6

6e-6

7e-6

*errors are equal to one standard deviation

Deacylated ChitosanChitosanNafion

Biocompatibility, Bulk ElectrolysisTesting Bacteria culture

injected Hold fuel cell at 0.3V

and monitor current (3 days)

Time, seconds

0.0 5.0e+4 1.0e+5 1.5e+5 2.0e+5 2.5e+5

Cu

rre

nt,

Am

ps

0

1e-6

2e-6

3e-6

4e-6

5e-6

6e-6

Decreasing current Possible biofilm

formation

Biocompatibility, Live/dead AssayLive/Dead assay Cast polymer with bacteria

Gluconobacter SP33 Origami C4-AW genetically modified E. Coli

Fluorescent nucleic acid stains FITC filter- live bacteria TRITC filter- dead bacteria

Live/Dead Assay

Nafion® GluconobacterNafion® E. coli

Chitosan E. coli Deacylated chitosan Gluconobacter

Assay showed biocompatibility for all polymers.FITC filter

Olympus IX71 fluorescence microscope

TRITC filter image

Conclusions

Chitosan and Nafion® can immobilize GDH Chitosan provides higher power and current

densities Chitosan and Nafion® provide biocompatible

surface material

Future work

Temperature and pH studies Biocompatible modifications

Impact on current densities

Acknowledgements

National Science Foundation

Saint Louis University

Dr. Minteer

Minteer group Kyle Sjöholm Dr. Waheed

Rob Arechederra

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