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Key Terms
political parties: groups that help elect people and shape policies
Federalists: strong federal government; party founded by Alexander Hamilton
Democratic-Republicans: limited federal government; party founded by Thomas Jefferson
The Election of 1796First time more than
one candidate runs for president
Rivalry between two political parties dominates the election
Adams and Pinkney chosen as Federalist candidates
Jefferson and Aaron Burr chosen as Democratic-Republican candidates Results:
XYZ AffairPresident Adams wanted to improve relations with France
Sent 3 agents to Paris to negotiate a treaty to protect US shipping
French Foreign Minister refuses to meet with them
3 French agents (X,Y,Z) demand $250,000 and a $12million loan
US agents refuse all demands and go home
Alien and Sedition ActsFederalist
controlled Congress passes 4 laws
Controversial because...intended to protect the United States...
...but, was a hidden attempt to crush opposition to war
Alien ActAlien Act allows the president to imprison or kick out any foreigners he thought were dangerous
Alien Act makes immigrants wait 14 years (was 5) to become a citizen
Sedition ActSedition Act forbids anyone to publish or voice criticism of the federal government
Sedition Act cancels free speech and freedom of the press
Kentucky and Virginia ResolutionsArgue that Alien & Sedition Acts are unconstitutional
Federal government cannot interfere with state gov’t
Written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Jefferson & Madison oppose Congress
However, Alien & Sedition Acts allowed to expire
Resolutions make clear that states CAN challenge federal government