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{ jgJOHN C. MAXWELL ,,,
G EO LO GIST.
8222 WESTERN MILLS ORIVE
AU STIN TEXAS 757 2 8-
sis.4se.lest
November 26, 1979rr - q
Mr. Harold Etherington , [*] Y. # * - |
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards >
Nuclear Regulatory Cocmission . NOygggggMail Stop H 1016Washington, D. C. 20353 gi r-
rj{gg@gili i iWd 4:5:6l2 l 1
Dear Mr. Etherington: y -
'Subject: Additional comments on my letter of October 1,
1979 referring to the Wolf Creek Project
At the time of writin6 my letter of October 1,1979 Idid not have available to me NUREG/CR-0294, containing infor- f
"-
mation on damage reports relating to the 1867 Manhattan,Kansas earthquake. I have now had the chance to examine thismaterial. It appears that the authors have thoroughly research-ed the available newspaper sources and have produced a reason-able isoseismal map for this earthquake (figure 3, page 17in the NUREG/CR-0294). On the basis of this study the loca-tion of the 1867 epicenter was shifted about 20 miles south-eastward to the vicinity of the subcrop of the ' north-southtrendin6 Humboldt fault, borderin6 the buried Nemeha uplifton the east side. It was further suggested that the intensityof the earthquake was in the range of VII-VIII rather than VIIas previously listed. !
'' The isoseismal lines shown in figure 3 are reasonably wellestablished for the eastern half of the figure, but the shapeand extent of the western half is unknown. Note also the'
highly elongated intensity TII zone, which could extend west-ward or southwestward for an unknown distance. From readingthe accompanying damage reports, it seems to me that thechoice of a location for the epicenter within this 150-mile
,,~
long zone of intensity VII is quite arbitrary. For example,at the western end of the zone, location 28, it was noted that:" train on Pacific Railroad violently rocked by shock, locomo- i
'tive was stopped and train men abandoned cab for fear theboiler was about to blow up," and to the east, at location 13,Leavenworth, Kansas , " man shaken off load of hay; two contiguousbuildings lifted up, separated two inches, settled back; nearlyeverything toppled over in private homes; several chinneys !
overthrown." At the site chosen for the epicedter near Wamego(number 30 on figure 3) the da. mage to buildings appeared to j
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. _ _ _ _ _ .._ __ _. . _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ . . . _ . __ ___
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4
Mr. Harold.Etherington -2- November 26, 1979
be comparable to that observed throughout this long zone. Thei apparent reason for locating the epicenter here, other than'
its nearness to the trace of the Humboldt fault, was an observa-tion that "on the farm of John Cotton . . . . during the earth-uake the' earth o ened and water was thrown out of the opening *
romt$idebove,ablekantities.e earih opened and $[r$ lac $ not far distantAt anothn con,
an smoke issued |ea
; out. So one of our papers states". To this phenomenon thewriters assign a questioned intensity VIII. If this were a
-
,
bonafide major occurrence of sand boils in unconsolidated -
sediments, then an assignment of intensity VIII would probably,
be justified. However, in view of the very similar degree of ~
,
damage throughout the isoseismal VII. zone, and the lack off
evidence of. greater damage in the Wamego area it would seem tome more probable that the observed phenomena were related toescape of marsh gas and accompanying water. I see no compellingreason for raising the intensity'in this area to VIII.a
If the 1867 earthquake resulted from movement on the*
Humboldt fault, it would indeed be logical to assume similarI
'-
motion could occur along the general extension of that fault --
southward, about 75 kilometers west of the Wolf Creek site.' '
Figure 3 of NUREG/CR-0666 shows that this fault is discontinu-aus and the continuity and displacement diminiches in a souther-
,
ly direction. Furthermore, the locations of tne three earth->
: quakes for which isoseismals were prepared (1367,1875, andt 1906) lie on an east-west trend approximating the VII iso-! seismal zone of the 1867 earthquake. The center trace of the: 1soseismal zone and eqicenters of the 1867,1875 and 1906 lj earthquakes are plotted on figure 4 NUREG/CR-0666 (photostat )3
attached). The possibility that the 1867 and 1906 earthquakes4
are related to the basic intrusive rocks of the Keweenawan+
mafic igneous belt, as initially postulated by the applicant!. is quite apparent. To me it seems more likely, however, that
these and other earthquakes shown on figure 2, NUREG/CR-0294a'
occurred along an easterly trending fault or zone of faultsapproximately paralleling the VII isoseismal zone of the1867 earthquake. Multiple shocks accompanying that earthquake ,.
plus one aftershock some 25 hours later, also seem to have |j
; been distributed along this zone.
! A map summarizing all known earthquakes for eastern North |
| America, intensity I through III for the period 1534-1971 hasbeen published by.Igun Sykes (Reviews of Geophysics and Space!
! Physics, November, 1978, page 648). Two observations ofparticular interest for the Wolf Creek area are: (1) that the20 or so- counties D1 the southeast corner of Kansas, and theadjacent areas in Missouri and Oklahoma, have been free of,
observed seismic activity, and (2) that the most obvious;
:
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_ _ . . _-- _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _
'. . . . . . _ . . . - . . . . . .. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . _ . _ . _ . ..
*.
s
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Mr. Harold Etherin6 ton -3- November 26, 1979
seismic zones trend east-west to east-southeast, reflecting|
the Ouachita-Wichita structures and the Manhattan and other |earthquake trends in Kansas and adjacent states. There is noobvious seismic reflection of the. north-south trendin6 Nemahastructure. It seems unlikely, therefore, that large earth-
,
quakes of the Manhattan, Kansas type will occur southward alongsoutherly extending faults corresponding to the Humboldt faultof northern Kansas and southern Nebraska. For this reason andbecause I find the evidence for an intensity VIII assignment -
for the 1867 earthquake to be unconvincing, I believe the,
assigned SSE value of 0.12g is still reasonable for the WolfCreek site.
.;_ In his litter of June 29, 1979 to the NRC CommissionersMr. William H. Ward, attorney for HACEA brought up another
i
point, also touched in my October 1, 1979 letter, namely that I.
the regional structural setting of the Wolf Creek Project issimilar to that of Tyrone, for which the SER reconnended an .SSE.of 0.2g horizontal acceleration. Both the Wolf Creek andTyrone sites are in the Central Stable Region tectonic province.Both are also in regions which are seismically quiet. Nohistorical earthquakes have been reported within 100 miles ofthe Tyrone site and only 10 earthquakes of intensity IV or i
greater have been reported within 200 miles of that site. The |
SER (page 2-16) says, "in our review of the vibratory groundmotion potential for the Tyrone site, we took the positionthat an intensity MM VII-VIII event could occur at the sitebased on the criteria defined in appendix A to 10 CFR part 100.In our evaluation the resulting acceleration value due to thisintensity would be 0.2g". Using the same line of reasoning itis apparently true that an intensity of 0.2g would'now be
,
similarly applied to the Wolf Creek site by the staff. Thisappears to be a matter of accepted policy, not specificallyrequired by the tectonic settin6 of the Wolf Creek site.
Respectfully submitted:
,
John C. MaxwellConsultant
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| EARTHQUAKES IN KANSAS
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F1auas 2. LOCATIONS AND DATES o: EARTHQUAKES IM DNSA3,
1867-1977 (DuBoIS AND WILSON, 1978), |.
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: APRIL 2 1867 EARTHQUAKE IN KANSAS |I..|. .. ..
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lhe Irlante. 'gneoth t oi.k s unh f o " eddating 15 anit .
the costine O sdJnee l' rom 'liMr!..ntental !oJ.itioni .irgues for a separanon of North. Ameria, fre " \fri a .tre foang ut.
Thus rew and hiuorre dataregioii of :ow aetaity in vermont Whoe Wuntain magga. teries of %:n Ecg!.md,. 'n the Mgr.,/oi:e n compo<cJ ofindre.ile thal the Bogon.Ott.iw a wi3mNtwo divinct tones of high aetnu) one euendtng from n5 terep.m lid! gi sotgriern Quehn .ukl afac
:,9|mrn f
u: amount chidn II"td.ar. (M. The hhiui-.
. _ _ . . ~. 'thore Massachtnetts mto central New flampshire ar)d another ACrics cuent!4 NNWa$rdM New llillnp hk ~
k. .
ettending fiorthw est from norther') N ew York State to Kark.land Lake. Omario As a di ne diwatied later. howes er, aikahe from aboul,%) ni )'$.,.(the loitu{ tti$jp,infW ,
America from 'Afrie.il to uboot 1 A1 mjy,rocks postdalmg the openme of the wcuern Atlantie cuend 1977) A imau hcfJ.: .t:Ipinf tbc ra'dIntisett .
"i
.ietou the gap m set <mic aetau) m Vermont and neuern New 220 and 2.1.' .m.y . The Monteregian !Hil<. 'a giotip o'r .ui. inhr .,
/llampshire. marie and ultramari,: roeks in 'soutm:ra Qwebec. trend 'A W
l nunger tenemo Ro|ks m A cn E.ngland from north of N.ew llamrthire to .Wntreal.Carbonat.nm.
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Ont{ b.outhern f)ucMecdlJtrCmes .t:d ICund. in t'he w edefn part of the Momern o
Although maloi tectonism and magmatam are commonly province (CWJ. A1|. The "Sr/"5r biio of 0 ~04 o, tame.! +.*
thought to hase ended in mou of the ca< tern Unned Stenes inFaubaim v d }lht) for rocks of the.Monterepian prm on.:
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