John Wilkes, the Wilkites, and the Scottish

“Other”

A satirical engraving of Wilkes by Hogarth, who shows him with a demonic looking wig and two editions of his "North Briton“ newspaper: No. 17 (which attacked, amongst others, Hogarth himself) and the famous No. 45.

The meanings of John Wilkes• The cultural-history frame• Wilkes and social class• Wilkes and “Britishness”

Lord North astride the Parliamentary sewage of bribery and corruption. In a 1774 London Magazine cartoon, Wilkes will "stem the stream" for Britannia with his broom.

The Return of the Tories• George III, 1760• Earl of Bute, and The Briton• Wilkes and The North Briton (1762)– “No. 45,” and the legal attack on Wilkes

• Popular Wilkiteism

A celebratory bowl, proclaiming “Wilkes and Liberty. No Bu - - ” (Bute)

Wilkes and social class• Who supported Wilkes?• Patriotism and social status• Wilkes and identity– 1763: Wilkes’ triumph– 1768: Middlesex election– 1774: Lord Mayor

Scottophobia• Wilkites and the Stuart legacy• The usefulness of anti-Scottishness– Traditional Englishness– It was “justified”!

Charles I: a Scot, a Stuart, a despot.

“The Scots among us”• The 1745 Rising– Battle of Culloden, 4/16/1746– Cultural destruction of the Highlands

• Post-45 Scots favoritism?

Culloden

Inverness

The Scottish Juggernaut• Scottish prosperity– 1750-1800: 300% rise in Scots overseas commerce

• Urbanization• The Scottish Enlightenment• The challenge to “Britishness”

The General Register House, Edinburgh, designed by the

architect Robert Adam, 1773