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L
DE92040908
johnM.Haschkc
1’ . .; ; (r ,f,. ,(”’“:.-c5 ‘: .. .. L A N L, , ..... ‘ : . L oA N M 9
..—— - - — -—-
EVALUATION OF SOURCE-TERX DATAPLUTONIUM AEROSOLIZATIOM
a a ra
dts
g r ai T
d
0.07m of
~ of
? values of mass
I
A
t r
c a
a
a
s a p r a c ta f
a e
a
r
6that
a
a n a
c
p a
corrosivep
W s
f l i
p
f
a
a
mayof
d ft s
2
t
i
c a ofl
in i
e
?
P
a
p
t
D
a
a
a
a 1
t
c t
r9 w l
tPU02 o on of m u
t
a
by C d
.
and a c forms Pt
are
rc
by the PU+02
t
t 5
3
500*C.1 a
t a
c
origins t
u
of ae
a ‘ process
as
a f c a
d i
sofa curve So? x
o pc a
a
a
=
=G f ’
a
a
a a
V
arec
t i a
m t
a a
t a
m
p
a
+
of c
t t
t
A
a
a p rt c t t s mw u c a f f pN ua p a b t a t
t p a f t o i m ~ O
5
d
d
o C
t
t
a =
rateprate f P
oxide f t st
l o
t a 5
a
a
cm3/mol) a m so
c
E o
fshifted relative the meanthe
pm) for the hydride17 and the B~ (BNnauer,
E ma
3 5 o
s
a
r
c w a
c ofracture
ta release
6
d
s
a
sa
f r
3 h
1 torr I
i t
d
t
a
a
C
of
a
t
II u 111t
E x
d a s t d s T cc t l
h
r
t from s
p
—
Ia K
400”C, K
P n = n =
1
e 2 ap in.
t n =K a a
c n F s I a sa 1
1 a a g
a s
e
g a g
in a
d
o
n a
e x
e
fromd
t
I
c
data are shown 2
l
r are b e u r
a s s a T s r ae ( t o r n a b st p e
i nof t range a (t r f u m a g aa are
i n do r m fv G aa a r t a a
8
f 1 l t t f u p
t o z t m a c at e
t g
P
effects a
s q
t t
860°c.i
aof
a
s
a t
a
e V
h a n a
s
a t
t
ared
torr a 5
A a for
r b PU+02 above 500°C, a c rm p t m r i Tp om c oT f i
a p
i t eT e ub t t i m p c for
t t e
l A p s i w t n
a Aa s
a w t p
Since t s t
a a
e n d
a uc o T m l ef t c r a g p t l
o f g m R o f t gt g i p a lu
c
acrossA
inconsistent w6a
i ne
h t
t I n s tc oT r b r 1 g f
p d n r t w edof r area of m a c be
r w t o o a 1 smin. 3 The \ c c w t 0 g
P ur d t w a a ss iA t m of source
c ad t t ip st e a c o r d of t
o a g p t cl i na m r r a
g formed d f
c ovT e of h ip h a
two-stage p T i s e r
10
— .
a =
sa a
a c
is a c p o ta h = 1 k I
t
I
f
t
t
t we a t h ip only i 3
a w h ofe p e a h c ba t s e a f f
D
D
d
PU+02d f t p
a e f s t d A ps m ea d v w
d ia
d P r at for
D a d h
n
combinationd reacticns
d
C d
z
e are
a
d2t a
airt
4
c d 3
m s
c a
p a ofthe
t
f
a b t ct d io p uE i f d a
p s dr f
for
h
m .
h d from a
d h v regenerate theSince the B s a of the h a m
are after r h
II
cS
d s tA r
3
a
c
d Wd 1
t
d inr a
b T f ac ht d f p a P
r en a f c S p w
s s m f d s p t
p d l p R of t b
f t c
a a
t d if h io f P cA i g f a p e
t p d iF A t
r ep f m l f h tfor o
c
m submicron r mean d
( P f h p s c aw
13
d of
o b t t c a u
M flarge d
d is t h d c sf o d t s p r
D ea m t m d fp o r t t d f l as p c w s t r A
r ea sd id f h in T a t f o
F A
A
d cs ut pm c m
~
d h
s
F C t t d w tp d i3
r t c c Gd t d s p s a
r et 1 f f t h ina cw ? d F T ap d T 1 b a sp a s
S D i
d po p h a d s
U tE a a S a Rr of e i of s ePr i a a m of g d et
p o H M m
I
and f o lair e E arespirable p f p e h
a n s id f t fp
S a R o t o t ha
i s a ~ b
f d
d~
8
a p d in a III,
a s uf t m
a t t l lp d ia p s e 8
a cd T du a s p a T l md id tF
S D iM
d s o s
,
E xt p d f t Pp b fi np i t md is uT l t pa f 8 of t o m T dd is d e d at s l segment s a b md i(cf. Figure b s eA m for d t f r p
a
i
f
a
a da
a
d ia c a n d f
p t e s r p wd s p s a
t ws t a r sf rd a
d d a h
m as a a i l
a a a b t i a ap erecesses u a l s w
s E r s p s 30s a c oarrayo 8 t o s v t r v i
d ip
t v m of c s as
d r a t pT n m d ig c a
td id f t P
p u t f m are pb
T a t 1 Ma OoSpm a f 3 Tf m w a h p w s z
J M p a rw s s 8 w cw t of n f to genorato d
Ts p h e
c
e td
e
d c (
in A ❑
R p t m 1 Ab m d ia p a t mf e t l p dc ow h
e d
r
reaction c
t
fb
f a t a
C ia b to a p q w af ra p a f larger pt f f a s p c
C oO b
m f aa
a c
cr f t
d d t
E of t r ef a bm eof t p q e gf o t m d o
c of
c a c b Ta a
a v
c of e ra
f h m g~ t d a
M fractions ares r e
a ❑
a
A 1
ra
c f a 0 a 0 w b
m d i dt a c tc o n tIn a
a ? td
a
C
r r vS x 1 3 x 1 m r H X
d p a b f e t r fS p c t f ts t fof tc m uc a b f e tr f a c z t for o ac oare assumedto coincide. ‘I’M a oformed during t c periods are d t l
c ot s as a a t o
1
—
( o .2 g m o.
Id
m
d
a
r
o
c
H fa e g r f 0 a 0
r
o f0 v
T mof
d
c ow t m r f A s bF a
a f of t3 a f ~l t t values from M
a a c represent t m ef f o f h iop l
F up s s
r a o
fractions a r a tc oa p d sF 3 a T p s r ht eh b m d a td iO f
r
p
s p a tf s p a c t p
a c d b a p
t f r a cp r on of t s of t t c pf t f T b d a tc hs d s p vt e t l particlestheir d iq t of s p f d
f T s for tair o r t
P s a r fraction d for PW2+02 anot in a A E dt t r f t p f rof s
o m r t m d dfrom d r q oa R F 7
s t t @ f 0
f r a( 0 .d efrom t r of E●t 8 s a faotor t
E vof t eo r Ea 5 f ~ s t t r a i ‘
k p rt h ya s t te xp were f T h ft 4 r t a coarse p w a l
c cases~surfaca area a n ont p o t P ur h r s
t m s s i h n eto a c c f b g d c ua flw. T c c c Pf a s t a l P f dhydridlng was f u ro x id uc oHs u rw eu n d op a mb a o l p
20
— .
I e xa 1 p c
I o s w c a
t s o S a s w
I a h a ai a
I 0 a 0 r eS t oS a R a c w p
I a nf h s t d a
I rp r
T R
I T a
a d
I v o E xd r
II l at a a f t l t p
1 t f e t
II q o d c o
I
I of f over a
f t s c t o v
r f E d a afor t 5 c f v u by l a t
4 b a nc f v u E ae in m f T e m
tv
t
O f a t r f a lr i a q T f i
I p h y sb t o xs of t a fl o xp a o o t v A
r f t t a of s o
I
2 The importance
s t h r 1
e
u
a lt a a s f a tb f
c 1
r a c sin of
a s ip s n e
d t p t h io ratemetal must remain s f
a p3 m o f a p layer havinga m m d of h t ml a s o of the r f
s definitiona
factors d a a
a e aa t r a c o f
t released f r a cac A g of d Figure 9 s al d r fc As
5 x 1 0p m iu nt m av ir e a cT c of a r r h b eM 3 a further e t i s hm
R r ad from e d as c i u for
c corrected for t
only
The effective intervals for the
s t t b M d T I
a 7 2 11 t c release rates are
6 7 a 1 f P m T m of t
r dsuggesting
d maximum.The average r r ( P r d t
s t c F 9 r
CONCLUSIONS
E
d
However,
c
i
t must
u ine
a
t
i T s t for W+ozvaries a release f rT s term for
If t a
T p for a eo p f 2 gof p h e qt a p of1
—
d sp a P r h t Td ia a b Markedd a st s o
d
s
r
O
o s c K d fW+02 are essential h a w
i nef T o r ofm l t p e A df s p The o r ( 2 g p 2 ris i nt eT m ta d s eb kp s a t 1 3
c a area le T o l f t ma pp a c b f m pa p t c s s t
9 T o s t
T ha ons op f p C ha kf a care i a t r sd ed S a r fs are r e c o gA n s f c ht ec ot a o environment.
I s sr e q uf u rd e fi nt rate ageometry of mo rs d i
c o nf atp l um ea fr ea t tf the h i g h -o xT
24
. ——
a
ca
S I A T E S tRelease of Particulate Materials
a Fire,mR TA U
fromw
Releasen
,
A
P
N of
T1
~ .
t . .e 2 C
T h e r mo A E aC P 9 T A H I
E n
,(
1 H ~ H ME ment Chemistrv:
. . eO I U D O U t ’ I dR
N
14. J. L. Stakebake, J. Less-Co~n me %8 123(1986)185.
1 W N. Miner, A. S.
London,
TC o
L
c, 33
20.
2
2
2
J. L. 8
J. L.C
J. L..
JF lRF Discharges,m DoctoralD
J M. H 1 H I a L ~s M 1 (1 1
RC
M F ~ tO of P ~P P N Y N 1
28
T I
P iD(
D f P P HM a T D t HP D V D o tp d r S
C CP F M Practionb
8.0
30
50
70
05
0.32
0.48
0.50
0.60
0.68
0.70
0.83
0.89
0.95
0
>0.99
4●
P d a g n a
M d ic for p hp ao3s t ad ~w 1 0g/ca for the PuM2 d
29
T 1 S D f P
!T O i
Yd
f rS S 9a F
c
fr .
0 .3 . 83. X 100 .9● 3 O 00 6 8 01 4 5 03 4 4 05.0I 0.0 4.2x10-~
I 30571361 01 72 33 0
9 O1
9●
2●4X10-31.9X1O-22. 7X1O-23 .9X1O-20.130.290.550.770.990 ● 99+- 2●
000000000>
P d a g n a
b. P a rd i s t rb a on s pp ao s!d i a ma 1 1g/cm for the PU02d
)()
D by HighT O b A V
td f d by Stakeba e and R
.
c corresponding.
0 .( 30 .1358122
2● 4 %1●2 O
6 O X000000●
o●02o●030.040.410.220
0.020.050.090.503.720.880.950.9870.9940.997
30 0.084 0.82 0.001 03 0 .0 0 ~ 04 0 .0 0 0
a. P a rd i aa g e on a e
b. Mass d ibution calculated for s poxide pi1 1g /for the PU02 density.
31
— —
I -
ID U
P B Calculata t hPR eD P O
D c ocorresponding cunulativoI (Pm) m am p p1 fr~ct
0.513.05008.0
a.
b
7.2X1O-62, 4X1O-42.3x10-’
7#
7●2X1O-62.5X1O-42.5%10-31●5X1O-28.7X10-20.220.360.690
●
0.0750.3030.1120.1220.10700006 .
P d a g n a
P d ic M f s oxida5particles with L1.45 g/cm for the PuU2d e
0.08 I0.460.570.680.070.920.95o*0.99-
—
II
.
4
2
E T
I.I
S
IIIIII
II
I
III
I
o I I 1 I 1 ! I 1 1 I 1 I
o 1000 2000E T (
P T s to r e ao bf o xop l um aT c i b on data fo thePu+02 r e aa 300°C and 1 torr 02 pmmmeo fo
1
8
6
4
2
()
-2
-4
-6
-8
c“1000800 600500 400
i 1I
\I!
\I \
- Stage H , ~ \ Stage HI
IIIIII!IIII1III
1
10”
1
,*-I
,~-z
10-3
10-4
10-5
I ! 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ! 1 I 1
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.(?10OOfT (
F i g2. T t d e pPU+02• A c e from km eS
: : f‘ ‘ “ ‘s a d ef d of S8 .
34
.-
}
I I 1 I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I
n
Ea
1
. I 1 1 I 111111 I : 11
-
1-
1 \ 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 L i 1 J
0.01 12 5 1020 40 80 8990959899 99.9C M
Figuro 3. C m d i s tf l pp a fo P ureactions. Data or high-itemperatu~o PU02 a s b c land striangles
bdata for PuH2●re shown by opm
t r i
.
1.2.
.
1 10 50C
90 99P %
Figuro 4 C m u lp a rd i s tfor m productp 8 ~o P ur o a0 f eP a e hb s c d f *
wp < @ ●ro shun by opm c i
2000
1000
500
200
100
50
20
10
5
1
m
. .
. -
4
m.
.
m .
. a
. .
m .
m -
m 0 .
m .
m .
. .
m -
. -
m .
m
m
.
●-
m .
.
1
0.01 0.1 1 2 5 10 50 00959899 90.909.99
CumulativeMass9
The cumulative NMS distribution derived for oxideformedb t P Ur ea t eaSoo”c.
—
0.01 0 1 2 5 10 50 90% $899 99.999.99
C P
5
2
1
Piguro 79 Compaxbon of c w mm disWibutions forlbo~~de PUH2+0f o = ’
5data from Stakem~@ and Ro inson aro81mvnWWns v ap r eU t f ~uro s hb solid sywbol-.
—— —
d
d,
l-ld
i-l
F i g8 C l e s ep la of s ppp a rw diamatars dl, d2 and d formad byfracture of a spherical r ap awd i ad
40
L— --
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0C T (. 9
F i g9 Dependence of t r efraction o PU02p a ro the c o lt
