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Joint Accessibility Design
Luca Bertolini
(on behalf of : Thomas Straatemeier, Luca Bertolini, Marco te Brömmelstroet, Karst Geurs)
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Contents
1. Concept
2. Indicators used, input and output
3. Usefulness in practice
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Concept
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Why from planning for mobility to planning for accessibility?
• Can be more directly related to different economic, social, and environmental goals
• Gives better insight in people and place development opportunities and threats
• More clearly refers to qualities of both the transport system and the land-use system
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Why has planning for accessibility not taken off yet?
• Accessibility research focuses on developing ever more complex and disaggregate measures and pays little attention to implementation
• Mobility indicators and instruments are better institutionalized (e.g. level-of-service indicators and four-step transport model)
• Accessibility is not a very politicized issue yet, focus is on congestion relief, or on environmental impacts
• Need to link the development of accessibility instruments to the planning process
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Joint Accessibility Design:an interactive process involving researchers and practitioners
Step 1. Conceptualizing accessibility in the light of wider economic, social and spatial goals
Step 2. Collectively mapping, interpreting and analyzing the conception of accessibility
Step 3. Understanding changes in accessibility as a result of interventions
Step 4. Designing integrated solutions/strategies
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Indicators used, input and output(as developed in steps 1 to 4)
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Step 1. Relating planning goals to accessibility
• Opportunities …
• Modes of transport …
• Spatial scale …
• Time of day/week …
Planning goal …
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Step 1. Relating planning goals to accessibility
• Opportunities:
Jobs, social services, recreation, other people
• Modes of transport:
Public Transport and slow modes
• Spatial scale:
Neighborhood and City
• Time of day/week:
???
Integration of immigrants
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Planning Goal Accessibility Need
Strengthening economic clusters Access to jobs, markets (inhabitants, firms), knowledge (people, companies, institutions), other economic clusters, mainports (harbor, airport), and supplies (goods etc.).
Restructuring the existing urban areas
Multimodal access to jobs and (daily) services (education, health care, shops, recreation) on a local level (lower-income groups) and on a regional level (higher-income groups).
Preserving openness of the landscape
Number of inhabitants with access to open space. Direct access with bicycle and accessibility to entry points with public transport and car. Sometimes limit access by car to open space to prevent urban
Enhancing integration of immigrants
Access by slow modes to jobs, education, local services sporting clubs, and social clubs. Regional access by public transport to higher education.
Which accessibility measure is best to use?
Does every participant understand the measure?
Do we have the data and model to calculate the measure?
Step 2. Measuring an interpreting accessibility
Universiteit van Amsterdam
• Mostly composite contour measures, sometimes with a distance decay factor
• For example, goal “Strengthening the knowledge cluster in the Rotterdam The Hague area”
• Accessibility measured by combining:– Firms in the field of creative industries within 15 min
by bicycle– Cultural and catering services within 15 min by bicycle– Higher education and knowledge institutions within 30
min by car and 45 min by public transport– Labor with high education within 45 min by car and 60
min by public transport– Rotterdam Harbor and Schiphol Airport within 45 min
by car and 60 min by public transport
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Step 3. Understanding changes in accessibility
Accessibility to residents by public transport, before and after improvements
Good
Fair
Bad
Access to workforce with low education versus spatial pattern of the harbor complex and greenhouse farming
Facilitate current spatial dynamics? (ladder)
Enhance economic position in the urban network? (hub and spoke)
Step 4. Designing integrated strategies
Usefulness in practice
Universiteit van Amsterdam
• The production and use of accessibility indicators must be seen as a collective learning process, in which all participants should be involved
• Accessibility measures should directly relate to both policy issues or goals and to actual travel and location behaviour
• Insight in changes in accessibility as a result of changes in the transport and land-use system, ideally in real-time, is crucial to stimulate the policy design process
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Thanks!
Universiteit van Amsterdam