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Joint Operation Planning Process:
Joint Forces Staff College National Defense University
Lesson Objectives
• Describe the purpose of Joint Operational Planning
• Name the steps in the Joint Operational Planning Process
• Describe inputs and outputs of the Joint Operational Planning Process
JOPP Basics
• Receive and analyze required tasks.• Review and refine threat situation.• Develop and compare alternative courses of
action.• Select the best course of action.• Submit and gain concept approval.• Prepare a plan based on approved concept.• Complete the planning document.
THE JOINT OPERATION PLANNING PROCESS
Step 1:Initiation
Step 2: Mission Analysis
Step 3:Course of Action (COA) Development
Step 4:COA Analysis and Wargaming
Step 5: COA Comparison
Step 6:COA Approval
Step 7: Plan or Order Development
Strategic Guidance
Concept Development
Plan Development
Common to all joint organizations at any level
Mission Analysis
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Step 2
Mission Analysis
• From the Broad, General Assigned Task, the CCdr Conducts Mission Analysis by Identifying---
– Specified Tasks- Actions He Has Been Tasked to Conduct in Other Documents Such As Defense Agreements, Directives From CJCS, Etc.
– Implied Tasks- Actions That Are Deduced From Analysis of the Assigned and Specified Tasks.
– Essential Tasks- Actions That Are Absolutely Necessary, Indispensable, or Critical to the Success of a Mission.
Types of Forces
Assigned Forces
Allocated ForcesApportioned Forces
Global Force Management
Course of Action (COA) Development
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Step 3
Elements of a Course of Action
Who -- (what forces) will execute it?
What -- type of action is contemplated?
When -- is it to begin?
Where -- will it take place?
How -- will it be accomplished?
Course of Action Tests
Adequate - does it accomplish mission?
Feasible - use only the resources apportioned?
Acceptable -worth the possible costs?
Distinguishable - meaningfully different?
Complete - does it answer who, what, when,where, how?
Course of Action Analysis & Wargaming
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Step 4
1 Mission2. The situation and courses of action3. Analysis of opposing courses of action4. Comparison of own courses of action5. Decision
STAFF ESTIMATES
J-1 ESTIMATE
PERSONNEL
J-2 ESTIMATE
INTELLIGENCE
J-3 ESTIMATE
OPERATIONS
J-4 ESTIMATE
LOGISTICS
J-6 ESTIMATE
C4
ComponentsSupporting Cmds
Staff Estimates
Course of Action Comparison
Step 5
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Criteria Weight Rating Product Rating Product
COA 1 COA 2
Attack COGs 1 1 2 2
Flexibility 2 1 2 2 4
Advantages Disadvantages
COA 1
COA 2
Bullets or narrative Bullets or narrative
3 6
Comparing COAs
Course of Action Approval
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Step 6
Plan or Order Development
JP 5.0 Joint Operation Planning Aug 2011
Step 7
Flesh and Publish
What options did CENTCOM provide the SECDEF and POTUS for invading Iraq?
PBS Frontline: Rumsfeld's WarVIDEO
Crisis Action Planning
Crisis Action Planning Process
Planning
Execution
Situational Awareness
Planning Order
Warning OrderCombatantCommand
CoCom HQ
PresSecDefCJCS
PresSecDefCJCS
MajorCrisis
Crisis Assessment
Cdr’s Estimate
Alert Order
Situation Development
COADevelopment
ExecutionPlanning OPORD
PlanDevelopment
Execute OrderConductOperation
Deployment Order
Selected COA
JFSC / JCWS
“An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its territories, citizens, military forces, and possessions or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, political, or military importance that commitment of US military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives.” - JOPES Vol. I, Sep 2006
What is a crisis?
Step 1:Initiation
Step 2: Mission Analysis
Step 3:Course of Action (COA) Development
Step 4:COA Analysis and Wargaming
Step 5: COA Comparison
Step 6:COA Approval
Step 7: Plan or Order Development
Strategic Guidance
*Warning order
Concept Development
Plan Development
*Planning / Alert Order *CAP Specific
Same Analytical Process for Both CAP and Contingency Planning
JIPOE
THE JOINT OPERATION PLANNING PROCESS
An Example of Crisis Action Planning
Joint Operation Planning Products
Products• COMMANDER’S ESTIMATE • BASE PLAN • CONCEPT PLAN (CONPLAN)• OPERATION PLAN (OPLAN)• WARNING ORDER • PLANNING ORDER • ALERT ORDER• OPERATION ORDER• EXECUTE ORDER• FRAGMENTARY ORDER• DEPLOYMENT ORDER
Planning DetailLevel 1: COAs outlinedLevel 2: CONOPS w/o annexesLevel 3: shortened OPLANLevel 4: full detailed plan
