BEARING JOINTS

These joints are employed to give sufficient strength at the junction when two members are

meeting at right angles.

Various forms of bearing joints

1.Chase-mortise joint2.Cogged joint3.Double tenon joint4.Dovetail joint5.Halved joint6.Housed joint7.Joggle tenon joint8.Mortise and tenon joint

1.CHASE-MORTISE JOINT

• The joint is used when a timber piece is to be placed between two members which are previously fixed.

• A chase or recess of wedge shaped is formed.• The cross piece is provided with tenon of corresponding

shape.

2. COGGED JOINT

• These joint is used when it is desired to maintain the full depth of beam for strength.

• The lower piece is provided with a projection at the centre.this uncut is called a cog and upper piece contains a small notch

to accommodate this cog.

3.DOUBLE -TENON JOINT

• This joint consist of double tenon and is used for large size timber piece.

4. DOVETAIL JOINT

• In this type of joint one edge of tenon is cut obliquely.• The mortise is made slightly wider and joint is made tight by

introducing wedge.• When the tenon does not extent for the full thikness it is

known as stopped dovetail joint.

5.HALVED JOINT

• In this type of joint half the thickness of each timber piece is cut out to form this joint.

• The Halved joint is useful when it is desired to have no projecting portion at the joint as in case of joining wall plates.

Longitudinal Halved Joint

Tee Halved Joint

Angle HalvedJoint

Bevelled Halved Joint

6. HOUSED JOINT

• In this type of joint the whole end of one piece of timber is accommodated or housed for a short distance into the other piece.

Housed Joint

7. JOGGLE TENON JOINT

• In this type of joint tenon is short and it does not extent to the full depth of mortise.

Joggle- Tenon Joint

8. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

• This is the most common type of joint used in carpentry• It consists of a tenon and mortise.• Tenon is formed by cutting both the sides of a timber piece .• It thickness is about a 1/3rd the thickness of the timber piece.• A corresponding hole is made in the other piece to

accommodate tenon.• This hole is known as mortise.• The sides of the mortise are known as the cheeks.• The surface from which tenon springs is known as root of

tenon and the remaining portions are known as shoulders.

8. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

9. NOTCHED JOINT

• This joint consist of forming a notch in one or the pieces of the timber.

• The former is known as single notched joint and a latter is called double notched joint.

10. TUSK- TENON JOINT

• This joint is formed of tenon, tusk and horn.• The tusk is the projecting portion below tenon and horn is the

bevelled portion above tenon.• The wedges are employed to strengthen the joint.• This joint is strong and it is widely used in timber floor construction.

OBLIQUE SHOULDERED JOINTS

These joints are used where member to be joined meet at an obtuse or actute angle such as in timber truss construction where the principle rafter tie beam struts etc

meet obliquely. Following are the common types of oblique joints

BRIDDLE JOINTMITRED JOINT

DOVETAILED HALVED JOINTBIRDS Mouth JOINT

OBLIQUE TENON JOINT

• BRIDDLE JOINTA bridle joint is a woodworking joint in that a tenon is cut on the end of one member

and a mortise is cut into the other to accept it.The corner bridle joint (also known as a slot mortise and tenon) joins two members at

their respective ends, forming a corner. This form of the joint is commonly used to house a rail in uprights, such as legs. It provides good strength in compression and is fairly resistant to Stacking, although a mechanical fastener or pin is often required.

• METRE JOINT• a joint made by bevelling each of two parts to be joined, usually at a 45° angle, to

form a corner, usually a 90° angle. A disadvantage of a miter joint is its weakness but it can be strengthened with a spline.

• Common applications include picture frames, pipes and molding.

• Birds mouth joint This joint is formed by cutting an angular notch called birds mouth in the

main member, to which the other member is partly inserted and fitted

• OBLIQUE TENON JOINTThis is used for connecting a horizontal member to an inclined member both the

members being of bigger size the tenton of inclined member is oblique which fits into corresponding mortise hole of the horizontal member. The joint is further strengthened by bolts, keys, straps etc.

BRIDLE JOINTS

These joints are used when a light frame is needed and strength is not the main requirement. For example, a picture frame. One part of the joint fits into the other part and is glued permanently in position. The angled bridle joint can be used a a substitute for a mortise and tenon joint, again if strength is not important.

PLAIN BRIDLE JOINT

ANGLED BRIDLE JOINT

BUTT JOINTS

These joints are the most straightforward of all of the wood joints simply because they require no cutting out. All you need to do is ensure both ends are square and bring them up to each other at right angles as shown below and nail (and glue) the faces together.

Notice that the nails have been driven in at an angle in a process called Dovetail Nailing. This is to give both parts more of a grip and help prevent the pieces from being pulled apart too easily.

CORNER REBATE JOINTS

The shoulder or lapped joint is very common and is used for furniture and box constructions such as jewellery boxes. The joint below is a simple lapped joint. The shoulder can be seen clearly, this is usually planed using a rebate/shoulder plane or combination plane. This type of joint is often seen as a corner joint.

Here is a shoulder plane taking the rebate out with the help of a piece of scrap wood clamped in place. There are a few other ways of creating a rebate.

CROSS HALVING JOINTSCross halving joints are probably the most simple of joints to mark out and cut. They are used whenever it is necessary to join two pieces of wood that cross over each other. Sometimes these joints can be seen on the strengthening rails of tables and chairs.

DOWEL JOINTSHere is another way to create a joint in wood. It is a permanent method but it is not the strongest joint as the parts can eventually pull apart, especially as the joint becomes old. Modern glues that are very strong have meant that this joint is often used to quickly fix parts together.

Obviously when using this jointing method, you have to make sure the distance between the holes is exactly the same as the distance between the dowels.

Some other dowelled joints in use.These dowel pins can be used to mark the wood to help ensure the distance between the holes is a good match.

FINGER JOINT

This a good example of a ‘finger’ or ‘comb’ joint. It is ideal for box construction and is suitable for use with natural woods such as pine and mahogany or even manufactured boards such as plywood and MDF. The joint is strong especially when used with a good quality glue such as PVA (woodworkers adhesive) or cascamite.

The number of fingers on each end will vary depending on the size of the box being made.

MITRE JOINTSA Mitre Joint is used where two pieces of wood need to be positioned next to each other at exactly 90o. A 45o cut is made on either end and when they are placed against each other, a 90o corner is achieved.

Using this would joint would create an ‘L’ shape with two pieces of wood.

The most common use for Mitre Joints is in the construction of wooden picture frames. They are often made up of four pieces of wood with Mitres cut on both ends of each.

Thank You !!!

Dipesh Patel