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Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change: Tracking Changes in the Earth’s Atmosphere Michael J. Kurylo, Geir O. Braathen, and Niels Larsen On behalf of the NDACC Science Team and the NDACC Steering Committee. Jonathon Berry. What is the NDACC?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Network for the Detectionof Atmospheric Composition Change:
Tracking Changes in theEarth’s Atmosphere
Michael J. Kurylo, Geir O. Braathen, and Niels LarsenOn behalf of the NDACC Science Team
and the NDACC Steering Committee
Jonathon Berry
What is the NDACC?
• A set of more than 70 high-quality, remote-sensing research sites for
- observing and understanding the physical / chemical state of the stratosphere and upper troposphere
- assessing the impact of stratospheric changes on the underlying troposphere and on global climate
Participation by more than 20 countries and still expanding
NDACC Sites
1. To study the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric composition and structure
Goals of the NDACC
Regression analysis of O3/temperature measurements at Mauna Loa (1994-2006) using fit base functions: -QBO functions (mean zonal wind m/s) -Mean ENSO Index (empirical p/Ts-based) -F10.7 Solar index
QBO is dominant, but solar cycle and ENSO signatures also have been identifiedon both lidar ozone and temperature data T. le Blanc, JPL
2. To provide early detection and subsequent long-term monitoring of changes in the chemical and physical state of the stratosphere and upper troposphere; to provide the means to discern and understand the causes of such changes
Goals of the NDACC
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
ozon
e an
omal
y [%
]
F 10.7 cm
-u(10 hPa)
H ohenpeissenberg (48°N , 11°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)
SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
ozon
e an
omal
y [%
]
F 10.7 cm
-u(10 hPa)
Table M ounta in (35°N , -118°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)
SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
ozon
e an
omal
y [%
]
F 10.7 cm
-u(10 hPa)
H aw aii (20°N , 156°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)
SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20oz
one
anom
aly
[%]
F 10.7 cm
-u(10 hPa)
Lauder (44°S , 170°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)
SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave
Upper Stratosphere Ozone Trends(NDACC Lidar Working Group)
• Multiple instruments / stations• Similar upper stratospheric ozone anomalies• Recently higher O3 values may indicate recovery• Should become clearer by 2008 (after solar min.)
FTIR Column Measurements at JungfraujochHCl, ClONO2, and derived Cly (R. Zander & E. Mahieu) compared to model
predictions (M. Chipperfield) and to surface CCly measurements (R. Prinn)
Evolution of Stratospheric BrO
F. Hendrick, M. De Mazière, M. Van Roozendael (BISA) P. V. Johnston, K. Kreher (NIWA)
PinatuboEl Chichon
R egression m odel includes:linear trendannua l varia tionP inatubo and E l C h ich in effectsso lar activ ity effectQ BO effectE N SO effect
Trend: –(73)%/decade
Trend: +(61)%/decade
Str
atos
pher
ic c
olum
n N
O2 (
101
5 m
ol/c
m2)
Year
Zvenigorod (56°N, 37°E)
Lauder (45°S, 170°E)MeasurementsRegression modelResidual series
Linear trends in stratospheric column NO2
Michel van Roozendael, BISA
Water vapour measurements from WVMS at Mauna Loa, and coincident measurements from MLS and HALOE.
G. Nedoluha (NRL) & N. Kampfer (U. Bern)
Stratospheric water vapor
Stratospheric Aerosol Layer
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Inte
gra
ted
Ae
ros
ol B
ac
ks
ca
tte
r
MLO 694 nm
MLO 532 nmNOAA/MLO
W. Randel, NCAR
Temperature time series from lidar and SSU satellite measurements (40-45 km).
Satellite trends 1988-2005 are small.
Large statistical uncertainties for lidars trends
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
Ozo
ne
(DU
)
78/7
979
/80
80/8
181
/82
82/8
383
/84
84/8
585
/86
86/8
787
/88
88/8
989
/90
90/9
191
/92
92/9
393
/94
94/9
595
/96
96/9
797
/98
98/9
999
/00
00/0
101
/02
Sum m er Year (D ecem ber - February)
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
UV
Ind
ex (
at n
oo
n)
Mean Summer Ozone and Estimated UV IndexLauder, New Zealand
File: uvnz/sum m eruv/sci_2002/W P_AG U.grfR M cKenzie06/11/02
B
A
Taihoro Nukurangi
Long term decrease in ozone has been responsible for 12-15% increase in the maximum summertime UV Index over Lauder, NZ.
Approximately half of the ozone depletion at mid-southern latitudes has been due to the export of ozone-poor air from Antarctica.
Update of McKenzie, Connor, and Bodeker, Science, 1999, 285, 1709-1711
3. To establish links between changes in stratospheric O3, UV radiation at the ground, tropospheric chemistry, and climate
Goals of the NDACC
UV Index at Río Gallegos
Period: August 1, 2005 – October 31 2006
Data Level 1.5
S. Godin-Beekmann
600
500
400
300
200
Ozo
ne c
olum
n (D
U)
SAOZ
GOME TOMS-EPTOMS-NIMBUS
TOMS-METEOR
O3
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 039493929190
SCIAMACHY
04
SAOZ UV-Visible Measurements: Sodankylä, Finland
Long-term validation is crucial!F. Goutail (CNRS) and E. Kyrö (FMI)
4. To provide independent validations, calibrations, and complementary data for space-based sensors of the atmosphere
Goals of the NDACC
NO2 satellite - Ground based intercomparisons from Tenerife (Northern subtropics)
Manuel Gil, INTA
5. To support process-specific field campaigns occurring at various latitudes and seasons
Goals of the NDACC
Arctic Ozone LossSAOZ UV-Visible Network
F. Goutail, J. P. Pommereau + SAOZ team
W. Randel, NCAR
Thule mean and std. dev.
Model
ACE
CH4 March Thule
HCl March Lauder
O3 July LauderMozart 3 chemistry climate model in comparison with FTIR and ACE measurements
6. To provide verified data for testing and improving multidimensional chemistry and transport models of the stratosphere and troposphere
Goals of the NDACC
Quality Control
A Commitment to Data Quality
• Investigators subscribe to a protocol designed to ensure that archived data are of as high a quality as possible within the constraints of measurement technology and retrieval theory.
• Validation – Instruments and data analysis methods are
evaluated and continuously monitored.– Formal intercomparisons are used to
evaluate algorithms and instruments.
Improvement of the data quality of the Dobson network during the past nearly 40 years.
Dobson / Brewer Working Group
U. Koehler (OMH)
Data Archiving and Availability
• Data submitted within one year
• Data public available within two years of measurement
• Many NDACC data available on shorter timescale via collaborative arrangement with the appropriate PI(s).
NDACC Data Host FacilityHosted by NOAA
More than 35,000 files in data base
J. Wild & R. Lin (NOAA)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
# of
Fil
e T
ran
sfer
Time Period
NDACC Transfer Count Monthly Average
Future Developments• Water vapor in the UTLS
- Raman Lidars- Balloon soundings
• Closer collaboration with other networks such as SHADOZ
• Establishment of more stations in the tropics
• Provision of data in near-real-time
• http://www.ndacc.org
• New informational leaflet
• Annual newsletters now available
MATCH campaignsOzone loss versus PSC formation potential (VPSC)
VPSC: winter average volume of air cold enough for the formation of PSCs (e.g. -78oC in 18 km Altitude)
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
Year
2006
2008
VPSC [ 106 km3 ]
ozon
e lo
ss [
DU
](c
a. 1
3-25
km
, Ja
nuar
y to
Mar
ch)
2007
2008 (preliminary)
update of Rex et al., GRL 2006;WMO 2007
comparison of lidar andSSU trends for 1988-2005
Notes:Satellite trends are small for this period.Trends are changing
Large statistical uncertaintiesfor the lidars (only shown forOHP curve, but similar forother stations).
Table Mountain is an outlier(strong cooling, as seen inthe time series)Hohenpeisenberg also
TMF OHP. Hohenp.
Temperature trends from lidar measurements
Keckhut et al.