Jose Palomar
Multiscale Research Strategy
J. Bedia, E. Ruiz, J. De-Riva, V. Ferro, J. Palomar, J. J. Rodriguez. Optimized Ionic Liquids for Toluene Absorption. AIChE Journal, 2013, 59(5),1648-1656
Experimental Tests
IL-based Materials
IL film
Discrete fluidDiscrete fluid
High separation capacity
Improved transport properties
J. Palomar, J. Lemus, M. A. Gilarranz, J. J. Rodriguez.  Carbon 2009, 47, 1846. 
Efficient adsorption of IL from water using activated carbon (AC)
Use  the high IL – AC affinity 
to generate 
with 2 nm < Dpore < 8 nm pores.
ENIL preparationi
~ 400 nm
N. Alonso-Morales, M. A. Gilarranz, J. Palomar, J. Lemus, F. Heras, J. J. Rodriguez.. Carbon, 2013, 59,430-438.
S. B. Yoon, K. Sohn, J. Y. Kim, C. Shin, J. Yu and T. Hyeon, Adv. Mater., 2002, 14, 19–21.
ENIL preparationi
~ 400 nm
DCapsule = 400700 nm tShell = 100150 nm
ABet 1500 m2/g Vmicrop 0.6 cm3/g Vmesop 0.7 cm3/g Vmacrop 2.5 cm3/g
%C = 94%
ENIL preparationi
IL incorporation
Drying: 10 mbar, 333 K, 2 h
Solution: Acetone + IL (30%) (1 ml solution / 100 mg CCap)
CCap
ENIL
0.2 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 4.9
% w/w 17 33 50 60 67 75 80 83
mIL
mCap
vs ENILs
J. Lemus, J. Palomar, M. A. Gilarranz, J. J. Rodriguez Adsorption 2011, 17, 561.
Microscopy (TEM)
ENIL  R:4  
ENIL characterizationii
ABET Aexterna Vmicrop. Vmesop.
Capsule 1558 700 0.554 0.683 R:0.2 761 322 0.402 0.329
R:0.5 656 268 0.269 0.264 R:1 159 80 0.088 0.073 R:1.5 23 19 0.003 0.026 R:2 11 8 0.001 0.014 R:4 3 2 0.000 0.002 R:5 0 0 0.000 0.000
A (m2/g); V(cm3/g)
Solid appearance
No solid surface available Discrete fluidDiscrete fluid
IL dropsIL drops
J. Palomar, J. Lemus, N. Alonso-Morales, J. Bedia, M. A. Gilarranz, J. J. Rodriguez. Encapsulated ionic liquids (ENILs): from continuous to discrete liquid phase. Chemical Communications 2012, 48, 10046.
Hyphotesis
Separation processesCatalysis
COSMORS  computational + gravimetric analysis
Gas solubility (KH) vs NH3IL interaction enthalpy (HE)
Conventional ILs
1
J. Bedia, J. Palomar, M. Gonzalez-Miquel, F. Rodríguez, J. J. Rodriguez. Screening ionic liquids as suitable ammonia absorbents on the basis of thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. Separation Purification Technology 2012, 95, 188-195
OHmimBF4
IL Amount
ENIL-Rn (OHemimBF4)
% IL w/w 50 67 75 83
iii
IL absorption vs ENIL sorption Ccap adsorption vs ENIL sorption
Fixed Bed Experiments
q t (m
Absorption Desorption
NH3 Capture - ENIL application
q t (m
293 k, 1 atm N2 100 cm3/min
3
Experimental tests
q e ( m
q e ( m
Experimental tests
k  ( m
in 1 )
k  ( m
in 1 )
q e ( m
q e ( m
x 3
Experimental tests
NH3 Capture - ENIL application
CCap ENIL R:5
Gas flow 20 ml/min Bed length 8 cm NH3 concentration 2000 ppm Temperature 293 K Pressure 1 atm
NH3 Capture - ENIL application
C/ C0
Time (min)
CCap EIL R:5
Gas flow 20 ml/min Bed length 8 cm NH3 concentration 2000 ppm Temperature 293 K Pressure 1 atm CCap R:5
q (mg/m) 1.2 5.9
NH3 Capture - ENIL application
Sorption: 293 K 2000 ppmv NH3 20 mL•min-1 N2
Desorption: 373 K 1 mL•min-1 N2
NH3 Capture - ENIL application
ENIL Regeneration
MultiENIL 
SoluteInteractionSelective IL
NH3
Toluene
H2O
IL1
IL2
IL3
H-Bond
Electrostatic
H-Bond
Acknowledgements
Colleagues: Dr. Juan José Rodríguez  Dr. Miguel Angel Gilarranz Dr. Noelia Alonso Dr. Jorge Bedia Dr. Jesús Lemus Dr. María GonzálezMiquel Cristian Moya 
Financial support: Ministerio Ciencia e Innovacion Comunidad de Madrid COST action  EXIL
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LOGO
Encapsulated ionic liquids (ENIL) Applied to Gas Capture
Jose Palomar Universidad Autónoma de Madrid