Journal Vol. 35, No. 1 1 , November 1978

of the Contents Atmospheric Sciences

A R T I C L E S

Further Studies on a Spectral Model of the Global Barotropic Primitive Equations with Hough Harmonic Expansions A K I R A K A S A H A R A 2 0 4 3 - 2 0 5 1

Atmospheric Vacillations in a General Circulation Model. I I : Tropospheric-Stratospheric Coupling and Stratospheric Variability B . G. H U N T 2 0 5 2 - 2 0 6 7

The Generation of Equatorial Transient Planetary Waves: Control Experiments with a GFDL General Circulation Model Y . H A Y A S H I A N D D . G. G O L D E R 2 0 6 8 - 2 0 8 2

The Tropospheric Lapse Rate and Climatic Sensitivity: Experiments with a Two-Level Atmospheric Model ISAAC M. H E L D 2 0 8 3 - 2 0 9 8

Determination of Eddy Fluxes of Heat and Eddy Temperature Variances Using Weakly

Nonlinear Theory RICHARD L . PFEFFER AND ALBERT BARCILON 2 0 9 9 - 2 1 1 0

Radiation Profiles in Extended Water Clouds. I : Theory G. L . S T E P H E N S 2 1 1 1 - 2 1 2 2

Radiation Profiles in Extended Water Clouds. I I : Parameterization Schemes G . L . STEPHENS 2 1 2 3 - 2 1 3 2

Radiation Profiles in Extended Water Clouds. I l l : Observations G . L . STEPHENS, G . W . PALTRIDGE AND C . M . R . PLATT 2 1 3 3 - 2 1 4 1

Effect of Chlorofluoromethane Infrared Radiation on Zonal Atmospheric Temperatures . . . . ROBERT E . DICKINSON, SHAW C . L I U AND THOMAS M . D O N A H U E 2 1 4 2 - 2 1 5 2

Aerosol Size Distribution Obtained by Inversion of Spectral Optical Depth Measurement. . . . M I C H A E L D . K I N G , D A L E M . B Y R N E , BENJAMIN M . HERMAN AND JOHN A . REAGAN 2 1 5 3 - 2 1 6 7

The Generation of Secondary Ice Particles in Clouds by Crystal-Crystal Collision

LARRY VARDIMAN 2 1 6 8 - 2 1 8 0

Crystal Size in Ice Grown by Droplet Accretion L . L E V I A N D F . P R O D I 2 1 8 1 - 2 1 8 9

On the Role of Mixing in Promoting Competition between Growing Hailstones K E N N E T H C . Y O U N G 2 1 9 0 - 2 1 9 3

Winds and Wave Motions to 1 1 0 km at Midlatitudes. VI. Tidal, Gravity and Planetary

Waves, 1976 R. J. STENING, C. E. M E E K , A. H. M A N S O N AND D. G. STEPHENSON 2194-2204

C O R R I G E N D A 2205

P A P E R S TO A P P E A R I N F O R T H C O M I N G I S S U E S 2206

T h e Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $20 to A M S members. T h e single issue price is $5 to A M S members. T h e sub-scription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 1 0 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

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Journal Vol. 17 , No. 1 1 , November 1978

of Contents Applied Meteorology

ARTICLES Man's Effect on Weather A Theoretical Study of the St. Louis Heat Island: Some Parameter Variations

F R E D M . V U K O V I C H AND J . W . D U N N 1 5 8 5 - 1 5 9 4

Urban-Rural Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Turbidity Measurements in the Los Angeles Basin J A M E S T . P E T E R S O N , E D W I N C . F L O W E R S AND J O H N H . R U D I S I L L 1 5 9 5 - 1 6 0 9

A New Technique for Treatment of Surface Boundary Conditions Arising from Particulate Plume Dispersion , : W . D A V I S AND D . M E T Z 1 6 1 0 - 1 6 1 8

A Radio-Controlled Air Sampling System for Diffusion Experiments G I L B E R T S. R A Y N O R 1 6 1 9 - 1 6 2 4

The Effect of Some Meteorological Parameters on the Chemical Composition of Precipitation at the University Field Station, Trinidad, West Indies . R . C . D A L A L 1 6 2 5 - 1 6 3 2 Weather's Effect on Man and Environment

Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed Near the Surface.. D O R A T H Y A. S T E W A R T AND OSKAR M. E S S E N W A N G E R 1633-1642 A Comparison of Radiative and Actual Nocturnal Cooling Rates over Grass and Snow

L A W R E N C E C . N K E M D I R I M 1 6 4 3 - 1 6 4 6 Calculated Snowpack Evaporation during Chinooks along the Eastern Slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta

D O U G L A S L . GOLDING 1 6 4 7 - 1 6 5 1 Operational Meteorology

Confidence Limits for Seeding Effect in Single-Area Weather Modification Experiments E D W I N L. C R O W 1652-1660 A Reanalysis of the Skagit Cloud Seeding Project P E T E R V. H O B B S AND A R T H U R L. R A N G N O 1661-1666 A Numerical Simulation of Pre-Ice-Nucleation Conditions in a Settling Cloud Chamber K . M . W E I C K M A N N AND W . R . B A R C H E T 1 6 6 7 - 1 6 7 9

The Kinetic Energy of Hailfalls. Part I I : Radar and Hailpads A . W A L D V O G E L , B . F E D E R E R , W . SCHMID AND J . F . M E Z E I X 1 6 8 0 - 1 6 9 3

Dual-Wavelength Doppler Radar Observations of Hail at Vertical Incidence A . R . J A M E S O N AND R . C . SRIVASTAVA 1 6 9 4 - 1 7 0 3

On the Relative Errors in Methods of Flux Calculations ALOYSIUS K . L O AND GORDON A . M C B E A N 1 7 0 4 — 1 7 1 1

Radiance Estimates from Truncated Observations D A V I D S. CROSBY AND K E N N E T H S. G L A S S E R 1 7 1 2 - 1 7 1 5

A Comparison of Cloud Motion Winds from ATS 6 Images with Coinciding SMS 1 Winds W I L L I A M W . K U H L O W AND G A R Y C . C H A T T E R S 1 7 1 6 - 1 7 2 4

Satellite-Derived Cumulus Cloud Statistics for Western Kansas G L E N A . M A R O T Z AND J A M E S A . H E N R Y 1 7 2 5 - 1 7 3 6

NOTES Vertical Profiles of Condensation Nuclei J . M . R O S E N , D . J . H O F M A N N AND K . H . K A S E L A U 1 7 3 7 - 1 7 4 0 Seasonal and Regional Variation in the Correlation of Thunderstorm Days with Tornado Frequency

J A M E S W . Y A R B R O U G H , J R . , AND V E R N O N M E E N T E M E Y E R 1 7 4 1 - 1 7 4 6

CORRESPONDENCE Use of a Standard Raingage as a Precipitation Chemistry Collector (Comments on "The Effect of Some Meteorological Parameters on the Chemical Composition of Precipitation at the University Field Station, Trinidad, West Indies) J O H N M . M I L L E R AND A L A N M . YOSHINAGA 1 7 4 7 - 1 7 4 8 Reply R. C . D A L A L 1 7 4 9 - 1 7 5 0

PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 1752

T h e Journal of Applied Meteorology is available on a calenc}ar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $20 to A M S members. T h e single issue price is $5 to A M S members. T h e sub-scription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 1 0 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

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Journal Vol. 8, No. 6, November 1978 of

Physical Contents

Oceanography A R T I C L E S The Near-Surface Circulation of the Eastern North Pacific

. . . A . D . K I R W A N , J R . , G . J . M C N A L L Y , E . R E Y N A A N D W . J . M E R R E L L , JR. 9 3 7 - 9 4 5 On the Mid-Depth Circulation of the North Pacific Ocean

JOSEPH L . R E I D A N D A R N O L D W . M A N T Y L A 9 4 6 - 9 5 1 A Dynamical-Numerical Study of the Formation and Evolution of Large-Scale Ocean

Anomalies . . R O B E R T L . H A N E Y , W A Y N E S. S H I V E R A N D K E N N E T H H . H U N T 9 5 2 - 9 6 9 An Evaluation of the Quality of Sea Surface Temperatures and Salinities Measured at

Station P and Line P in the Northeast Pacific Ocean S. T A B AT A 9 7 0 - 9 8 6 The Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico Derived from Estimated Dynamic Height Fields

R O B E R T L . M O L I N A R I , J O H N F . F E S T A A N D D A V I D W . B E H R I N G E R 9 8 7 - 9 9 6 A Comparison of Cyclonic Ring Structures in the Northern Sargasso Sea

D E N I S E E . H A G A N , D O N A L D B . O L S O N , JOYCE E . S C H M I T Z A N D A N D R E W C . V A S T A N O 9 9 7 - 1 0 0 8

Mass Transport in Deep-Water Waves O L E S E C H E R M A D S E N 1 0 0 9 - 1 0 1 5 The Fission and Disintegration of Internal Solitary Waves Moving over Two-Dimen-

sional Topography V . D . DJORDJEVIC A N D L . G. R E D E K O P P 1 0 1 6 - 1 0 2 4 A Study of Low-Frequency Fluctuations Near the Peru Coast

K E N N E T H H . B R I N K , J . S . A L L E N A N D R O B E R T L . S M I T H 1 0 2 5 - 1 0 4 1 The Modeling of Tidal Flow in a Channel Using a Turbulence Energy Closure Scheme

B. J O H N S 1042-1049 The Seasonal Upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea Due to Remote Forcing

D A V I D A D A M E C A N D J A M E S J . O ' B R I E N 1 0 5 0 - 1 0 6 0 The Shallow Salinity Minimum of the Eastern North Pacific in Winter

KERN E. K E N Y O N 1061-1069 Migrating Thermal Structure in a Freshwater Thermocline

J O H N L A Z I E R A N D H E L M U T H S A N D S T R O M 1 0 7 0 - 1 0 7 9 Temporal and Spatial Scales of the Wind Field over the North Pacific and North

Atlantic J U R G E N W I L L E B R A N D 1080-1094 A Three-Dimensional Model of Lake Ontario's Summer Circulation. II. A Diagnostic

Study J O H N R . B E N N E T T 1095-1103 Inertial Currents in Lake Ontario, Winter 1972-73 (IFYGL)

G E O R G E O . M A R M O R I N O 1 1 0 4 - 1 1 2 0 Waves over Soft Muds: A Two-Layer Fluid Model

R O B E R T A . D A L R Y M P L E A N D P H I L I P L . - F . L I U 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 3 1 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE

Surface Salinity Fluctuations Between 1956 and 1973 in the Western South Pacific Ocean J . R . D O N G U Y A N D C. H E N I N 1 1 3 2 - 1 1 3 4

Correlations between Rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature During GATE . . . G A R Y K . G R E E N H U T 1 1 3 5 - 1 1 3 8

Isohaline Thermoclines in the Southeast Pacific Ocean . . E U G E N E M O L I N E L L I 1 1 3 9 - 1 1 4 5 Wind Drag and Relative Separations of Undrogued Drifters

A . D . K I R W A N , J R . , G . M C N A L L Y A N D S . P A Z A N 1 1 4 6 - 1 1 5 0 INDEX: Section A. Index to Contributions by Authors 1151-1154

Section B. Subject Index 1154-1158 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 1160

T h e Journal of Physical Oceanography is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $ 1 5 to A M S members. T h e single issue price is $5 to A M S members. T h e sub-scription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 1 0 each. Order f rom the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass, 02108.

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Monthly Weather Review

Vol. 106, No. 12, December 1978 Contents

ARTICLES The Sensitivity of the General Circulation to Arctic Sea Ice Boundaries: A Numerical

Experiment G E R A L D F . H E R M A N A N D W I N T H R O P T . J O H N S O N 1 6 4 9 - 1 6 6 4 The Fleet Numerical Weather Central Tropical Cyclone Model: Comparison of Cyclic

and One-Way Interactive Boundary Conditions R I C H A R D M . H O D U R A N D S T E P H E N D . B U R K 1 6 6 5 - 1 6 7 1

An Objective Approach to Breaks in the Weather J. O E R L E M A N S 1672-1679 On the Evaluation of Point Precipitation Probability Forecasts in Terms of Areal

Coverage A L L A N H . M U R P H Y 1 6 8 0 - 1 6 8 6 A Comparison of Synoptic-Scale Vertical Motions Computed by the Kinematic

Method and Two Forms of the Omega Equation P H I L L I P J . S M I T H A N D C H A O P I N G L I N 1 6 8 7 - 1 6 9 4

Estimates of the Natural Variability of Time-Averaged Temperatures over the United States R O L A N D A. M A D D E N A N D D E N N I S J . S H E A 1 6 9 5 - 1 7 0 3

On the Different Behavior of the Zonal Harmonic Height Waves 1 and 2 During the Winters 1 9 7 0 / 7 1 and 1 9 7 1 / 7 2 K A R I N L A B I T Z K E 1 7 0 4 - 1 7 1 3

Aerial Observations of the East African Low-Level Jet Stream . . . J O H N E . H A R T , G . V . R A O , H E N R Y V A N D E B O O G A A R D , J O H N A . Y O U N G

A N D J O H N F I N D L A T E R 1 7 1 4 - 1 7 2 4 Satellite Detection of Urban Heat Islands

M I C H A E L M A T S O N , E . P A U L M C C L A I N , D A V I D F . M C G I N N I S , J R . , A N D J O H N A . P R I T C H A R D 1 7 2 5 - 1 7 3 4

An Efficient Direct Solver for Separable and Non-Separable Elliptic Equations R A N G A R A O V . M A D A L A 1 7 3 5 - 1 7 4 1

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Diurnal Wind and Temperature Variations over Lake Ontario

M . A . E S T O Q U E A N D J A M E S M . G R O S S 1 7 4 2 - 1 7 4 7 Comments on ''Weather and Climate Forecasting as Problems in Hydrodynamics

J . A . L A U R M A N N 1 7 4 7 - 1 7 4 8 Reply G . D . R O B I N S O N 1 7 4 9

WEATHER AND CIRCULATION OF SEPTEMBER 1978—A Warm Month in the Middle of the Country R O B E R T E. T A U B E N S E E 1 7 5 0 - 1 7 5 7 CORRIGENDUM—Corrections to "A Test of an Upstream Spline Interpolation

Technique for the Advective Terms in a Numerical Model 1758 INDEX: Section A. Index to Contributions by Author 1759-1765

Section B. Index to Contributions by Subject 1765-1771 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 1776

The Monthly Weather Review is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $20 to AMS members. The single issue price is $5 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $10 each. Order from the Amer-ican Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 0 2 1 0 8 .

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