Journal part b right

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studio airJournal

NAME: JIANGLING LIAO

STUDENT NUMBER: 683672 SEMESTER ONE, 2016

TUTOR: SONYA PARTONUNIT: 8

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C RITERIA DESIGN

PART B

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P ATTERN

B1.Patterns have been covering architectural surfaces since times immemorial. The human body was perhaps the first surface that received designed patterns. Architectural patterns thus have a broad and deep lineage. With such a widespread practice one should not expect a well-defined, unitary function. As practices evolve they acquire new functions and loose their prior functions, or new functions are superimposed upon older functions. Patterns might serve purposes of decorative enhancement, feature accentuation, camouflaging, totemic identification, semiotic differentiation, or any combination of those.

The notion of pattern formation took production and life conditions by storm at the beginning of the twentieth century, and raised fundamental questions regarding the ornament. Later, around the middle of the century, the autonomy of pattern concepts intensified the call for ornament as a meaningful metaphor. Consequently, architectural criticism that was inspired not least by critical theory no longer primarily focused on a social reality in which everything, previously expressed by ornament, had lost its “symbolic and functional meaning” because mechanical or industrial production methods superseded the traditional relationship between skilled work and ornament. On the contrary: ornament, which was so effectively “ousted” by the paradigm of modern design in the abstraction of material and color, structure, now epitomizes precisely the loss of

meaning diagnosed in light of postwar aberrations in architecture and urban planning.

Islamic buildings are often decorated with geometric patterns which typically make use of several mathematical tessellations, formed of ceramic tiles (girih, zellige) that may themselves be plain or decorated with stripes. Symmetries such as stars with six, eight, or multiples of eight points are used in Islamic patterns. An eight-pointed star made of two squares, one rotated 45 degrees from the other on the same centre.

The modernist strictures against ornament/d e c o r a t i o n w e r e f i r s t c h a l l e n g e d i n Postmodernism. Although historical motifs were brought back in a mode of playful eclecticism there was no engagement with systematic a r t i cu la tory patterning. Notwi thstanding minimalisms historical fallacy, it was from within minimalism that the return to patterns, and the attendant new embrace of ornament, was initiated during the 1990s. The seminal project in this respect was Herzog & de Meuron’s 1993 Ricola Storage Building in Mulhouse-Brunstatt, France. The introduction of different surface effects, like different material textures, had already happened within the later phases of modernism. Now artificial, quasi-graphic techniques of surface treatment and surface patterning were deployed.

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Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 29 April 2016]

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Towards the end of the 1990s new possibilities of patterning were discovered by applying the technique of texture mapping onto the warped nurb surfaces. Built projects achieved these effects by projecting video images onto curvelinear surfaces, or by embedding digital display systems within the surfaces. The technique of texture mapping has since been replaced by scripting and mapping only survives as an initial short-cut to test or illustrate effects that are then to be implemented by scripts. Early examples of nurb surface articulations that were not just arbitrary mappings or projections emerged with the introduction of CNC milling. To insure perfect fit each instantiation is parametrically adapted to its unique position on the host-surface. The result might be called a parametric pattern. However, in this classical set up the curvature variation of the surface provides the data-set that drives the parametric adaptation of the component with the aim of keeping the pattern as even and homogenous as possible. The aim is to maintain component identity by compensating for the underlying surface differentiation.

Parametricism transforms the technique of parametric pattern design into a new and powerful register of articulation. The crucial move that inaugurates parametricist patterning is the move from adaptive compensation to the amplification of differences. The underlying surface variability is utilized as a data-set that can drive a much more radical pattern differentiation. The underlying surface differentiation is thus amplified and made much more conspicuous. A strong emphasis on conspicuous differentiation is one of the hallmarks of parametricism. Differentiation might also be introduced willfully, by “painting” the surface with any pattern or image that then becomes the data-set to drive component differentiation.

Correlates might further include the apertures that are set into the surface. Patterns might accentuate apertures. A surface might be made

to correlate with the furnishings within a space. The expected pattern of occupation might also be utilized as data-set driving a corresponding surface differentiation. A sophisticated set up should be able to cater for multiple data-sets simultaneously. Another powerful opportunity is the adaptive differentiation of facades with respect to environmental parameters that strongly vary with the orientation of the surface. Here functional and formal variation go hand in hand. The gradual variation of sunlight intensity on a curved surface translates here into a gradient transformation of the component formation. Within parametricism such functional exigencies are heightened into an artistic concept.

Ned kahn wind vei l is a great example to demonstrated the weathering correlates patterning design. A 260’ long by 6-story tall facade of a new parking garage in Charlotte, North Carolina was covered with 80,000 small aluminum panels that are hinged to move freely in the wind. Viewed from the outside, the entire wall of the building appears to move in the wind and creates the impression of waves in a field of metallic grass. Inside the building, intricate patterns of light and shadow, similar to the way light filters through the leaves of trees, are projected onto the walls and floor as sunlight passes through this kinetic membrane. In addition to revealing the ever-changing patterns of the invisible wind, the artwork was designed to provide ventilation and shade for the interior of the parking garage.

The differentiation of the patterns challenges the fabrication phases a lot. The complex patterns always divided into small species in order to satisfy the requirements of the industrial fabrication, transportation and assembling. Each individuals small species is always various from each other. The optimization is necessary and useful. Classify the panels with the similarity and optimized them into standard size is conducive for the construction speed and cost.

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Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/



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cASE STUDY 1.0

B2.Herzog & De Meuron is a famous architecture firm that using the computational technology as the design tools. The Patterning are mainly applied to the facade of their designs. De Young Museum is an appropriate example to demonstrated the computational related design. The facades are created by the three different layers of copper with three different simulations patterns to create unique, sensible and nature space.The copper wall would slowly become green due to oxidation and therefore fade into its natural surroundings. The facade is also textured to represent light filtering through a tree.

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ITERATIONS

Polygen Variation

Image Sampler

Polygen Variation

Polygen Variation

Polygen Variation

Image Sampler

Image Sampler

Image Sampler

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Polygen Variation

Polygen Variation

Polygen Variation

Polygen Variation

Image Sampler

Image Sampler

Image Sampler

Image Sampler

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Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Radius Variation Radius Variation

Radius Variation Radius Variation

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Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Extrusion Variation

Radius Variation

Radius Variation

Radius Variation

Radius Variation

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SUCCESSFUL SPECIES

AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)

Extrusion: Graft

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Shelter

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Contrast Urban Life

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Ecolife

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SELECTION CRITERIA

Aesthetic: Do patterns create attractive forms and sense that encourage human get involve? —- Human involvementsPanel: Do the surface of the patterns allows human walk, lie, climb?— comfort and various usageHabitation: Do the structure of the patterns allow animals pass through, play with even live in? —- Optimize the human made wetlands.Structure: DO the structure can self support? In order to decrease the material usage for substructure to protect the wetlands.—- Environmental friendly.

Extrusion graft:Randomly offsetNature is purity, random grow but have it own rulesPlatforms floating in the air give the chance for bird nestUpper part: Solid tree branchBottom part: soft, smooth, simulate water waveMiddle part: sense of walking inside the forest—Peaceful, mystery

Shelter:Pattern Overlay and rotate to form the shelterCone— Plant Grass, flowersventilationSkylight with customized shadowBird NestHabitations—Under water

Contrast Urban Life:strong sense of modern lifeReinforcement, sharp, complexbring the urban life to the nature siteMeditationGentle slop pipe — people can walk

Ecolife:HierarchyDifferent hight patches for animals and human beings

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cASE STUDY 2.0

B3.Technically acting as a sunscreen and weather barrier the curved facade is fully glazed and combines the curtain wall glazing with horizontal lamellas and vertical glass fins. The position and size of each of the facade elements are derived from a twised frame system, which is ralated to the interior organisation of the building. The concave front of the building displays different fluent forms when seen from varying distances and directs the visual field of the customers traveling on the spiraling escalators. Edge-lighting for the vertical glass fins spreads soft colours onto the facade by night. The lighting intensity and colour effects are digitally controlled and choreographed adding another layer of fludity to the building's skin.

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REVERSE ENGINEER

Extruded Contour Works (Cantilever) Offseted Twist surfaces

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Offseted Twist surfaces Boolearnintersect and Extrude

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REVERSE ENGINEER Project: Star Place

Architect: UN Studio Location: Taipei, Taiwan Date: 2008

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TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

B4.

Curves Distraction Curves Distraction Curves Distraction


Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve

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Curves Distraction Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve



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Horizontal Bending -10 Horizontal Bending 0 Horizontal Bending 10

Vertical Bending -10 Vertical Bending 0 Vertical Bending 10

Horizontal Bending 50 Horizontal Bending 60 Vertical Bending -50

Rotation -40 Rotation -30 Rotation -20

Rotation 20 Rotation 30 Rotation 40

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Horizontal Bending -30 Horizontal Bending -20

Horizontal Bending 20 Horizontal Bending 30 Horizontal Bending 40

Vertical Bending -40 Vertical Bending -30 Vertical Bending -20

Vertical Bending 20 Vertical Bending 30 Vertical Bending 40

Rotation -10 Rotation 0 Rotation 10

Rotation 50

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SUCCESSFUL SPECIES


Rotation 30

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Vertical Bending 30

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WW


Vertical Bending 40

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WW


Horizontal Bending 0

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SELECTION CRITERIA

Aesthetic: Do patterns create attractive forms and sense that encourage human get involve? —- Human involvementsPanel: Do the surface of the patterns allows human walk, lie, climb?— comfort and various usageHabitation: Do the structure of the patterns allow animals pass through, play with even live in? —- Optimize the human made wetlands.Structure: DO the structure can self support? In order to decrease the material usage for substructure to protect the wetlands.—- Environmental friendly.

Rotation 30: Water Drops Transmit from center to outskirt

Vertical Bending 30:WhirlpoolNegative Space

Vertical Bending 40:PanelFloat on the watersimulate the wavetransmittable curve

Horizontal Bending 0:Walk SitLie Play

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TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

B5.Dig i ta l Fabr icat ion was being used to produce and testing the design possibi l it ies in this case. Digital modelling and fabrication i s a process that jo ins des ign with production through the use of 3D model l ing software and manufacturing process. Tools such as 3D printers, Laser cutter, CNC Router, Robot arms allows designers to produce design digitally and actually test the design. Therefore, complex surface can be produced with the assistance of computation techn iques and the cont inue e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l properties.

In te r ms of our des ign, wh ich featur ing on the connect ions between rods members and the connection between frame and panelling, 3D printer will be the most appropriate method for us to produce knots connections.

F o u r D i f f e re n t t y p e s o f k n o t s are designed in our group, and 3 D m o d e l l i n g b y u s t o a l l o w connections between rods and rods, rods and panels, rods and stretching fabrics, and other possibilities. By considering and measuring the size and thickness of materials that we are going to use, knots are 3D modelled in Rhino with accurate sizes to accommodate the material. Then, these digital model will be sent to the 3D printers.

T h e f i r s t k n o t s f e a t u r i n g t h e connections between rods (as a frame) and stretchable fabrics. As

the rods and fabrics cannot firmly connected by themselves, the knots will act as a media to connect the rod to itself, while also stabilised the fabric on it. Rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, while the fabric will be kind of screw into the hole between the cross and stabilised using the nut caps that are also printed by the 3D printers.

The second knots is an elaborate, free-rotate joint that allows rotation between the rods and the panels, which enables three dimensional s t ructure in a l l d i rect ions . For this connection prototype, two components are intersecting into each other, and fixed using a 3D printed screw and nut cap in the middle. In this case, the screw ensures the joint will not fail, but also makes it possible for rotation.

The third connection are for the rods and panels, where the rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, and the panel will be inserted inside a gap between the cross. During the testing and experimentation, we find out that larger panels can also be inserted into the gap due to its bendable properties, that can be further explore to fit our design intention.

The forth knot i s a s imple and tiny connection that are able to connect for rods in a planar or slightly curve surface. It was done by the Boolean different of a cross through 3D modelling software.

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This type of connection can be used where some sights are blocking for protections, as it allows three dimensional rotated connection that can be rising up from the surface.

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The panels are made by translucence plastic materials, which allows some view form the surface to the wetland underneath, at the same time, provide a protective and safe impression for pedestrians.

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This fixing knots are being test by placing weights on the stretchable fabrics, which appears to be firmly stabilised and able to hold a moderate mass. Hence, the can be used for Part C where the stretchable fabrics connects to the structure system, in places where people are allow to laying and sitting down.

Its advantage is on its size, which allows material efficiency in construction. However, it also having the problem of not able to connect the panels or fabrics to the rods. Hence, it can only be used for the substructure system or the surface where no panels are attached to it.

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TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL Rotunda Wetlands:

Location: South of Westfield Reserve, cleared vegetation on both sides of the creek Coordinate: 37 South, 145 East Path Slop: 3 Degree

B6.

General:

The wetland landscape which has really obvious attributes. This site is a restored wetland and is quite important for the wildlife since it plays the role of a litter trap, a filter, and a shelter for the area. The topography is quite flat in this area. Sporadic pools along the path and manmade wooden pavilion near road can be observed. Near the river, lots of indigenous plant are planted. It acts as the habitants for fishes, insects and birds. The importance of the Wetlands of Merri Creek:

Each greenfield on the diagram is regard as a small subsystem belongs to universal ecosystem of Melbourne. They interact with each other. Merri Creek significantly acts as a habitat corridor of state. Merri Creek connects other small patches around this corridor.

Wetland Specific:

A human made wetland was established in 2000 (Merri Creek Management Committee, 2009). The water was supplied by surrounding residential area. The pools can filter the pollutants and also act as a habitants for those semi-aquatic vegetation. Indigenous grasses were putted in surrounding which provided the habitants for aquat ic invertebrates, reptiles, frogs. Most of these faunas were locally extinct before this project established and under the protection of endangered flora and fauna. Shrub plantings let leaf litter, bark and logs accumulated for bird nesting. The biodiversity was enhanced by this project.

Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 29 April 2016]

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The Rotunda Wetland

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Infrastructure

Pedestrain Circulation

Verhicular Circulation

Pedestrain Hierarchy

Fauna Distribution Water Element

cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a






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Substructure

Rise Point

Low Point

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Problems:The human made wetlands enhance the Merri Creek Ecosystem significantly. However, the wetlands are isolated from the human beings. Since there is no paths for citizens to get inside the wetlands. Design Concept:To create a structure that can optimized the existing wetlands which can let human get involves.

The project is located at Rotunda Wetlands, in order to create a walkable surface allowing human get involved into this manmade wetland for closer but undisturbed observation on the wildlife, while the substructure creates voids for animal habitation. Hence, the substructure will interact with some of the active animal t races, both within the wetland and the creek, as indicated in the substructure diagram. In addition, it also act as the support for the upper surface, which requires strong structural ability and evenly distributed.

The surface was integrated as a whole with the substructure system, which makes the surface to flow fluently. Panels will be attached to the lattice structure, indicating the path for pedestrian to explore around. Therefore, the rising and descending point shown in the diagram acts as a guide for human to discovering around the area and sightseeing the specific view. For instance, the lowering point located around the creek and the major animal traces allow people to getting closer view to the wildlife, gaining a better understanding, contributed to wildlife preservation. On the other hand, the rising point allows people to reaching the tree top to observe the birds’ habitation with similar purpose.

Design Responds:1. Substructure be used as the habitants for the animals and plants.2. Self-supported3. People can get close to the animals but do not disturb their activities.4. Allowing horizontal movements across the river.5. Vertical communications between human and various animals habitants

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FEEDBACK FROM INTERIM PRESENTATION RESPONSE

Work to combine both Critical to using one integrated definition to create this surface-structure form. Try to look into the Kangaroo plugin that can produce this similar effect on the curvy surface. In addition, a frame and infill system might be used, like panelling, to attach to the lattice structure, which act as a pathway for pedestrian, or voids to stop the pedestrian getting through.

Create a technique that is modularised This is particularly regards to the walkable surface that using panelling and patterning techniques to create a multi-functional surface. We have decided to make some spaces void (the places where protected animal lives or the place where requires sunlight getting through), and some solid spaces (where the path for human to walk, sit and being encouraged to explore around).

Create modules with vary in shape and form

Various shapes and forms can be used on the surface, as the narrowing walking surface can be the area where human should be pass quickly, avoiding disturbed the wetland underneath. On the other hand, the wider walking surface can be the place where people are encourage to explore and relax, allow people slowly walk around, or laying down.

Detail site analysis diagram in specific area The site analysis diagram presented in the interim presentation is less specific as it looks into a large range of area. Hence, some detailed diagram will be provided that looks specifically into our chosen site, which will be more helpful to develop our design intention and form of the idea. For instance, the traces of animal activities, the water flooding area, and etc. Therefore, our design (especially the form of our walkway) should be optimised and response to these issues identified from the diagram.

Digital fabrication of different connections In this case, digital fabrication is critical to find and explore the way of the structural connections, in order to figuring out how to create form. It is important to understand how connection pieces affect or compromise aesthetics and functions. Few connections details has been explored in both two dimension and three dimension to test, especially the connection between structural members and the panels that creates the surfaces.

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

B7.The part B of the Architectural design studio are mainly help us to learn and practice the computational design methods. The result of the algorithm designs alway unpredictable, which gives the designer a mass of possible solutions to choose from. However, I still think the parametric design still challenge and immaturity. In the design phase, computational design is hard to control. Since the designs are based on the scripting and coding. The results are calculated by the logic algorithms. It is really difficult and even impossible to find a prefect logic. In other world, the designs are hard to be comprehensive. The optimization of one criteria may worse another. Human selection cannot be replace. Computational design offers us infinite possible but also provide the limitation. The machine is lack of emotion. The great design is not only advanced in functional or form, but also the emotion it express. Building is the place we spend the most of the time. The feelings, the culture of the space cannot be design by the machines.

In the fabrication phases, most of the parametric design are dealing with the facade of the building. The size and shape of the panel always various as a result of the computational design. It sharply increase the material cost, construction fees and produce more waste (framworks, moulds). The requirements for the construction workers also increase. It is hard to achieve mass production. Some of the panels are formed as double curve surface, which hard to optimized and even cannot be produced.

As for my part C, I hope that I can have more research on how to optimize the mesh surface. In order to gain a produceable design.

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REFERENCE LIST

Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45

Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/> [accessed 29 April 2016]

Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25

Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]

Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]

Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016]

Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.

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REFERENCE LIST

Documents

Journal part b right