#278 (337) 22-29 ivlisi 2014 saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“ organo 30 TeTri

E-mail: r.jalagania@mail.ru

damTavrda adgilobrivi mmarTvelo-bis organoTa arCevnebis meore turic,sadac qarTvelma xalxma kidev erTxeldaadastura Tavisi undobloba dagaucxoeba “erTiani nacionalurimoZraobisadmi”, romelic cxra wlisganmavlobaSi mudmiv gaurkvevlobaSi,terorsa da saSinel siRatakeSi amy-ofebda sruliad saqarTvelosa daqarTvel ers. da amaSi araferia gauge-bari: qarTvelma xalxma aiTvaliswunanacebi imitom, rom saakaSvilsa da misTanamzraxvelebs ejavrebodaTqarTveli xalxi da samSoblo maTTvissaSualeba iyo da ara mizani, isinimRilebad miiCnevdnen ubralo adami-anebs da msolod sakuTar keTil-dReobasa da gamdidrebaze zrunavdnen,ramac “erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba”danaSaulebriv organizaciad aqcia!

ukve cixeSi sxedan axalaia, mer-abiSvili, ugulava da sxva naciaramzadebi, romelTac mohkles sandrogirgvliani, moawyves xurCis teraqti,daarbies mSvidobiani demonstraciebi,gaayalbes arCevnebi, miiTvises sax-elmwifo biujetis Tanxebi...

male cixeSi gaamweseben giga boke-rias, givi TargamaZes, giorgi baramiZes,ugulavas cols da, albaT, Tbilisismerobis kandidats “erTiani na-cionaluri moZraobidan” nikanormeliasac, romelic eWvmitanilia “qar-Tu-bankis” mimarT nacionaluri xelisu-flebis mier Cadenil danaSaulSi.

nacionalTa bandis meTaurebissaqarTvelosadmi zizRismieridamokidebuleba ioli asaxsnelia _saakaSvili da misi TanamzraxvelebieTnikurad aSkarad araqarTvelebi arianda maTi sjulis kanoni mxolodsaqarTvelosa da qarTvelebisadmimtrobas karnaxobs am gadagvarebulebs.me, ubralod, im qarTvelebis ver gamigia,romlebic nacebTan erTad erTisalafavidan xvrepdnen qarTveli xalx-is sisxls da dResac ver darwmunebu-lan, rom nacebis gverdiT dgomasaqarTvelos Ralats niSnavs!

me maT “araqarTvel qarTvelebs” vu-wodeb, radgan eTnikuri warmoSobayovelTvis ver asaxavs ama Tu imsubieqtis mier samSoblosadmidamokidebulebis suliskveTebas! eT-nikurad naRdi qarTveli arakac na-cionalebs Soris gaxldaT vano mer-abiSvili, magram, rogorc SeiZleba ndo-ba gamovucxado mis qarTvelobas imborotebaTa Semdeg, rac merabiSvilmaTavs daatexa qarTvel ers.

SeiZleba vinme Semomedavos _ mer-abiSvili amas saakaSvilis SekveTiTakeTebdao, magram tvini da xeli xommWidrod arian dakavSirebuli erT-maneTTan da amitomac Tanabradiziareben pasuxismgeblobas sakuTarsaqmeTa gamo. amitomac zis cixeSi mer-abiSvili da mTel mis istoriaSisawyeni mxolod isaa, rom mas gverds(jerjerobiT) ar umSveneben yvela amsiboroteTa “inteleqtualuri Semo-qmedebi” mixeil saakaSvili, zurabadeiSvili da giga bokeria.

simaxinjed Sobili nacionalebiiseve ver eguebian WeSmaritebas opozi-ciaSi yofnis dros, rogorc ver egue-bodnen maSin, roca xelisuflebaSiiyvnen. marTalia, maT ukve xeli veRar

miuwvdebaT boroti Canafiqris real-izaciaze, magram, maTi utifroba daTavxedoba mainc gamaRizianebelia. ma-galiTisaTvis Tundac Tbilisis mero-bis nacionali kandidatis nika meliasaSkarad Tavxeduri gamoxtoma gamod-geba, romelmac daviT narmanias telede-batebisas uTxra, rom Sen ivaniSvilisnebarTvis gareSe verafers moimoqmedebda biZina ivaniSvilma mTeli RamiT aqdgoma rom gibrZanos, Rames gaun-Zrevlad, fexze mdgomi gaatarebo.

da amas ambobs im znedacemul “na-cionalTa” gundis erT-erTi aqtiuriwevri, romelmac yvelaferi gaakeTaTavqarqaSa mixeil saakaSvilis gasadiq-tatoreblad. da Tu naxevrad sulelisaakaSvili gaicinebda, mTeli saxelisu-flebo vertikali Tu mas sicilSi arahyveboda, cudad wauvidodaT saqme.nikanor melias es royiod nasrolimarTlac Tavxeduri fraza mxolodimiT SegviZlia gavamarTloT, rom “enasZvali ara aqvs...”

Tumca, meore turis saarCevno orom-trialSi, mainc moxda Zalze samwuxaroambavi. aravin ifiqros, rom nacionalTa“gamanadgurebeli” angariSiT damar-cxebam dagvamwuxra. piriqiT, amazegasaxarebeli ambavi didi xania araferigamigia. saubaria imaze, rom nikanormeliam samarcxvinod uRalata kolxurraindul suls da gamarjveba ar miu-loca daviT narmanias. ase icis“karenoi Tbiliselobam”, roca akakis“Ramurad” iqceva adamiani da igi Semdegverc virTxobas axerxebs da vercfrinvelobas. gamedidebulma “karenoiTbiliselebma” araerTxel daamtkices,rom maTi ideali oci cali xinkalida ori kaTxa ludia (kompleqciazear etyobaT Tu ra!), risTvisac isiniqarTul istoriul tradiciebsacSeaqceven zurgs da zneobriv-moralurprincipebsac! da roca amgvari xalxisTvalsawierSi moeqca nikanor meliada araTbiliseloba Rrma provincial-izmad CaTvala, swored am dRidan dai-wyo misi dacema, rac logikurad das-rulda kidec 2014 wlis 12 ivliss.

da is, rom nikanor meliam arCevnebismeore turSi xmebis 27 procenti daa-grova, ukve sabolood Casvrili “na-cionalebi” TavianT did gamarjvebadmiiCneven. ara da, eWvi aravis epareba,rom am 27 procentidan 15 procentimainc nikanoris mamas, SesaniSnav das-taqars anzor melias ekuTvnis, romel-sac uamravi adamiani gamouglejiasikvdilis klanWebidan. 6 procentinikanor melias megobrebs da meriissistemis nacional TanamSromlebsa dasameTvalyureo sabWoTa didxelfasianusaqmur uniWo nacionalebs ekuTvniT,romelTac SeRavaTebi brma mxardaWerisnacvlad uboZes saakaSvilma da mismaTanamzraxvelebma.

rac Seexeba “nacionalTa” realurreitings, darCenili 5 procenti namdvi-lad maTY TanamgrZnobebs ekuTvniT,rac sul male dadneba SarSandeliTovliviT.

es rom ar undaT daijerongabaSvilebs, darCiaSvilebs, bokeriebs,TargamaZeebs da maTnair gadagvare-bulebs, imitomac yiyineben, rom CvenisaarCevno Stabis xelmZRvaneli gigiugulava specialurad arCevnebis win

daakaves, raTa davmarcxebuliyaviTo.imas ki arad agdeben, rom maT axla ar-Cvenebis mogebaSi gacocxlebuli macx-ovaric ki ver daexmareboda. rac Se-exeba ugulavas, igi rom pasuxisgebis-agan Tavdaxsnis mizniT qveynidan gaqce-vis mcdelobisaTvis daakaves, amaSiukve aravis epareba eWvi.

amis dasturad Tundac erTi “um-niSvnelo” faqtis moxmoba SeiZleba:ugulavam dakavebisas ganacxada, romigi kievSi miemgzavreboda ukrainis pa-triarqis miwveviT. sinamdvile ki sx-vagvari iyo _ ugulavas dRes gar-daicvala ukrainis patriarqi, romelicmanamde sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi komaSiimyofeboda da xelovnuri sunTqvisaparatze iyo mierTebuli. iqneb agvixs-nas gigi ugulavam, rogor moaxerxaaseT mZime mdgomsreobaSi myofma adami-anma misi stumrad miwveva?

rogorc ityvian, tyuils (miT ufro_ “nacionalurs”) aSkarad mokle fexebiaqvs!

“qarTuli ocnebis” Stabma ki damsax-urebuli gamarjveba izeima da namdvi-lad sasixaruloa is ambavi, rom Tbil-isis nacionaluri wumpidan amoTrevissaqme swored samegrelos kuTxis SviliwaruZRveba.

“damisaxelos vinmem iseTi pirovneba,qarTul istoriaSi, visac erTianisaqarTvelos SeqmnisaTvis, qarTulisaxelmwifoebriobis Camoyal-ibebisaTvis meti gaukeTebia, vidregiorgi Wyondidelma gaakeTa. damisax-elos vinmem iseTi pirovneba, romelsacsaqarTvelos, maT Soris Tbilisis, afx-azeTis gaqarTvelebisaTvis metigaukeTebia, vidre lavrenti beriamgaakeTa. damisaxelos vinmem pirovneba,romelsac qarTvelTa sulieri gaer-TianebisaTvis, qarTuli sulis amaR-lebisaTvis ufro meti gaukeTebia,vidre es zviad gamsaxurdiam gaakeTa”_ aRniSna cnobilma qarTvelma poli-tikosma, saxalxo moZraoba “samegre-los” Tavmjdomarem batonma aleqsandreWaWiam 2005 wels zugdidSi gamarTulsaxalxo moZraobis meoTxe yrilobaze.ase rom, baton daviT narmanias SesaniS-navi tradicia egebeba Tbilisis merisTanamdebobaze da Cven isRa dagvrCenia,rom warmatebebi vusurvoT Cveni kuTxisSvils momaval saqmianobaSi, raTasabolood amoaTrios Tbilisi na-cionaluri Waobidan da sruliad ax-ali sicocxle STaberos mas!

daviT narmanias gancxadebacmetyvelebs imaze, rom meriaSi movidaaxali Zala, romlis upirvelesi pri-oriteti ubralo adamiani iqneba.

“orSabaTidan viwyebT Zalian aqtiurmuSaobas. pirveli ramdenime dRe iqnebamosamzadebeli imisTvis, rom ZiriTadisakiTxebi, rac meriaSi muSaobis dawye-basTan da Cveni programis realizaci-asTan aris dakavSirebuli, movamzadoT,raTa yoveldRiur reJimSi aqtiurimuSaoba daviwyoT. Tbilisi Zalianmale naxavs Cemi da Cemi gundis xels.Zalian bevri problema, racdedaqalaqSi arsebobs, TiToeuli Cvenimoqalaqis sasikeTod Seicvleba”, _ganacxada adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisorganoebis arCevnebis meore turSigamarjvebulma daviT narmaniam. misiveTqmiT, pirvelive dRidan damtkicdeba

meriaSi da gamgeobebSi moqalaqeTamiRebis wesi, Tavad meriis sistema kistruqturul optimizacias daeqvemde-bareba, rac gulisxmobs calkeuli mi-marTulebiT im axali samsaxurebisformirebas, romelic axali meris pro-gramis realizaciisTvis aucilebeliiqneba.

arCevnebis Sedegebs ki moxdeniladgamoexmaura Cemi megobari Jurnalistida poeti da Cveni gazeTis avtori ba-toni aleqsandre Sengelaia:– merad melia? -- aba, turai? -- zooparkia, aba, Tu rai? -- vnaxoT, ras ityvis Cveni stumari,naTbilisari, nabaTumari _ apaturai?!

maS ase, cxovrebam, kidev erTxeldaadastura, rom “nacionaluri moZrao-ba”, romelic Zalauflebas mxolodxanjliT, sawamlaviT da didi fuliTinarCunebda, sabolood dahkarga gavle-na saqarTveloSi da veRarasodesdaubrundeba saxelisuflebo mwver-vals. isini ki mainc utifrad gvimt-kiceben, rom mTavar opoziciur Zalaswarmoadgenen, gvimtkiceben romcocxlebi arian, rom qarTveli xalxisfuliT mosyiduli “gapederastebuli”evropa zrunavs maTze, rom...

isic ki ar ician am udReurebma, romsicocxle WaobSic ki aris, romelic,Tavisi yofis dasturad buStukebsamoyris xolme Waobis zedapirze. magrammxolod Waobis myrali sunTqva amoaqvTam buStulebs da garemos mowamvlisgarda sxvas verafers axerxeben.

swored aseTi “buStukebiT” wamlavsgaremos dRes avadsaxsenebeli “na-cionaluri moZraoba”, magram, Cvendasabednierod, sul ufro da ufromcirdeba am buStukebis ricxvi damale garemos moSxamvis procesi samu-damod Sewydeba!

“rac mogiva daviTao, yvela SeniTaviTao” _ eubneba qarTveli kaci mas,vinc nebsiT Tu uneblied miexlebaxolme TaviT qviTkiris galavans.

“daviT” narmanias es fraza namdvi-lad ar ekuTvnis, radgan swored saku-Tari niWieri Tavis wyalobiT gaxdaigi qalaq Tbilisis meri.

rac Seexeba nacional “daviTebs”da maT Tavneba belads mixeilsaakaSvils, maT rac daemarTaT, sworedmaTi maxinji azriT gamotenili Tavebisbralia.

sxedan axla gabzarul varclTan(bevri maTgani ki _ cixe-koloniebSi)da im bednier Jams ixseneben, rocaxalxis fuliT aRma-daRma daqrialebd-nen msoflio voiaJebSi, dros atarebd-nen kaxpebTan da las-vegasis kazinoebSi,ikeTebdnen ZviradRirebul masaJebs dabotoqsis ineqciebs (arc narkotikebsaklebdnen xels) da arcerT amqveyniursiamovnebas iklebdnen...

axla ki kvlav gvemuqrebian, rommale dabrundebian xelisuflebaSi.

aseTi SemTxvevisaTvisac kargi naTq-vami gvaqvs qarTvelebs: “rac ginaxavT,veRar naxavT”!

roland jalaRania,“aia”-s da “fazisi”-s akademiebis

wevri

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rac mogiva, daviTao!..

ilori2 22-29 ivlisi 2014

erisa da erovnuli moZraobis sak-iTxi sociologiis erT-erTi uZiri-Tadesi da urTulesi sakiTxia. dRemdear aris sabolood garkveulieris cne-ba: ra niSnebi axasiaTebs ers, rodismoxda istoriaSi erebis warmoSoba,rodis, rodis iwyeba erovnuli moZrao-ba, rodisaa is progresuli an reaqci-uli, vin xelmZRvanelobs...

am sakiTxebze swori, mecnieruli pa-suxebis gasacemad unda gaviTval-iswinoT mTeli kacobriobis istoria_ “sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis konkre-tul-istoriuli faqtebi”.

aRniSnul Temaze, amas winaT, akakiwereTlis saxelmwifo universitetishumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetze(saqarTvelos istoriis mimarTuleba)istoriis akademiuri doqtoris samec-niero xarisxis mosapoveblad sadis-ertacio naSromi waradgina batonmaigor kekeliam, romelic warmatebiTiqna daculi. naSromis saTaurigaxlavT “samegrelosa (odiSis) da

afxazeTis istoriuli geografia

vaxuSti bagrationis naazrevSi da

Tanamedrove istoriografia”, rom-lis samecniero xelmZRvaneli gaxldaTistoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, sruliprofesori giorgi mWedliZe.

gazeT “iloris” mkiTxvelebs vTava-zobT aRniSnul Temas.

1771-1772 wlebSi saqarTveloSiimogzaura cnobilma germanelma natu-ralistma, medicinis doqtorma, ruseTismecnierebaTa akademiis namdvilma wevrmaiohan anton giuldenStedtma (1745-1781ww.), romelmac dagvitova mniSvnelovanicnobebi samogzauro Canawerebis saxiT.imereTSi igi 1772 wlis ivlis-seqtem-berSi imyofeboda. am periodSi SeZlosamegrelos sazRvrebisa da imereTismniSvnelovani nawilis Semovla(giuldenStedti I, 1962).

XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis saqarTve-los istoriis Sesaswavlad sainteresowyaros warmoadgens cnobili germanelimogzauris, geografisa da bunebisme-tyvelis, miunxenis akademiis wevris _moric vagneris (1813-1887 ww.) Txzuleba.wignis VIII-IX-X TavebSi vagneri aRwersimereTsa da samegrelos, am mxareTasameurneo da sulier cxovrebas,ekonomikur mdgomareobas, sacxovre-blebs, axasiaTebs mosaxleobis sx-vadasxva socialur fenas, rusul sabaJokanonebs, redut-kales, foTis cixes,zugdids da dadianTa rezidencias, xo-bisa da martvilis monastrebs (vagneri2002).

kavkasiaTmcodneobisa da saqarTve-los istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis uaR-resad sayuradRebo wyaroa XVIII s-isgermaneli mecnierisa da mogzauris _iakob rainegsis naSromi. aRniSnuliTxzuleba gansakuTrebul interessiwvevs qveynis geografiuli aRwerisTvalsazrisiT. germaneli mogzauriaRwers samflobeloebsa da maTsazRvrebs, qalaqebs, soflebs, eklesia-monastrebs, mdinareebs, xidebs, gzebs,mTebs, tyeebs, niadagebs da a. S. (rainegsi2002).

CvenTvis saintereso Tematikaze gamo-qveynebul naSromTa Soris istori-ografiuli mniSvneloba aqvs niko da-dianis ,,qarTvelT cxovrebas“, rac 1962wels calke wignad gamosca prof. S.burjanaZem. sami nawilisagan SemdgariaRniSnuli Txzuleba Zvirfas wyaroswarmoadgens feodaluri xanis lixT-imereTis politikuri istoriisSesaswavlad. pirvel da meore nawilSiwarmodgenilia epoqa uZvelesi droidan1749 wlamde. n. dadianis Txroba ar-sebiTad vaxuStis matianeSi gadmo-cemuli politikuri istoriis ambebiTSemoifargleba da ver scildeba vaxuS-tiseuli ,,aRweris“ tradiciul sqemas.garkveuli Rirebulebis mqonea n. da-dianis mier mowodebuli damatebiTicnobebi aRniSnul periodze. vaxuStisTxzulebisagan damoukideblad Sedge-nili mesame nawili warmoadgens nikodadianis mier SeTxzul TiTqmis er-

TaderT naratiul wyaros lixT-imereTis politikuri TavgadasavlisSesaxeb, 1749 wlidan 1823 wlamde (dadi-ani 1962: 5-58).

imdenad, ramdenadac wyaroTmcodneo-biTi kvleva gulisxmobs uSualodZvel saistorio wyaroze muSaobasada mis teqstobriv-Sinaarsobriv dawyaroTmcodneobiT analizs,Sesabamisad, aseTi kvleva naklebadganicdida ideologiur gavlenas,radgan naklebad arsebobda ide-ologiuri zewolis saSualebebi.swored amitom, istoriul mecnierebaSiepoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli marqsis-tuli sociologiis princi pebisganuxreli batonobis pirobebSi (ramacgansakuTrebuli simZafriT Tavi iCinagasuli saukunis 30-50-ian wlebSi) gamo-cemis miuxedavad, qarTul naratiulwyaroebsa da maT Sesaxeb arsebulsamecniero kvlevebs dRemde ar daukar-gavT mecnieruli Rirebuleba.

odiS-afxazeTis saeklesio, eTnikurida politikuri geografiis, agreTvesocialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebisSeswavlis TvalsazrisiT pirvelwyarosmniSvneloba eniWeba da mkvlevarsmraval Rirebul informacias awvdisSua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriismuxlCauxreli mkvlevris _ sargis kak-abaZis (1886-1967 ww.) mier 1921 wels orwignad gamocemuli ,,dasavleT saqarTve-los saeklesio sabuTebi“, agreTve 1925wels ,,saistorio moambeSi“ dabeWdili,,afxazeTis sakaTalikozo didiiadgari“ (kakabaZe 2, 1925; qsZ II, 1965). esukanaskneli ,,biWvintis iadgaris“ sax-eliTac aris cnobili. esaa dasavleTsaqarTvelos sakaTalikoso say-drisaTvis sxvadasxva piris miergaweuli Rvawlis da Sewirulebis aRm-nusxveli Zegli. meore davTaricmalaqia gurielis brZanebiTaa dawer-ili. s. kakabaZe mas 1619-1621 wlebiTaTariRebs. Zegli sayuradRebo cnobebsSeicavs odiSis istoriuli toponimiisada saeklesio geografiis sakiTxebze(kakabaZe 1913: 5-46).

feodaluri saqarTvelos istoriisumniSvnelovanes pirvelwyaros war-moadgens imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-is (1720-1740, 1741-1752 ww.) mier Tavisisamefos samxedro-strategiuli mdgo-mareobis sailustraciod ruseTis saim-peratoro karze 1737 wels gagzavniliruka. masze naCvenebia reliefi, tye, md-inareebi, cixesimagreebi da maTSi gan-lagebuli jaris SeiaraReba (maTureliIX, 1949: 209-221). rukaze naCvenebia cix-esimagreebi, TiToeuli cixis samxedroZala da misi mflobelis vinaoba,agreTve eklesia-monastrebi, saydrebi,samefo da feodalTa sasaxleebi, Zvir-fasi liTonis sabadoebi, samefossazRvrebi, samimosvlo gzebi, navsadgure-bi da a. S. (burjanaZe 1959: 182-197).

saqarTvelos politikuri,ekonomikuri, eTnografiuli, ge-ologiuri da sxva saxis aRwera dagvi-tova cnobilma germanelma bunebisme-tyvelma da mogzaurma eduard aix-valdma (1795-1876 ww.). did interessiwvevs dasaxlebuli punqtebisa da ek-lesiebis, savaWro gzebis aixvald-iseuli safuZvliani aRwera (aixvaldi2005).

mniSvnelovan dokumentur wyaroswarmoadgens e. TayaiSvilis, i. doliZis,S. burjanaZisa da n. berZeniSvilismier gamocemuli dokumenturi masalebi.

vaxuSti bagrationis mravalmxrivimoRvaweobis kvleviT araerTi mecnieridainteresebula. rogorc zemoT aRin-iSna, iZulebiT emigraciaSi myofi ba-toniSvili safuZvlianad gaecnodasavleT evropisa da ruseTis isto-riografiis mimarTulebebs da mopove-buli codna safuZvlad daudo TavisSemdgom mecnierul moRvaweobas.

ukanasknel xans sagrZnoblad gaizar-da interesi vaxuStis mecnierulimemkvidreobisadmi. gamoqveynda mravalimonografia Tu statia, magram aseTimzardi interesis miuxedavad SeiZlebadabejiTebiT iTqvas Semdegi: ra kuTx-

iTac ar unda ganvixiloT vaxuStisSemoqmedeba, misi cxovreba-RvawlisadmimiZRvnili, dRemde gamocemuli da CvenxelT arsebuli ramdenime monografiisada gamokvlevis SemTxvevaSic ki,sabolood mainc im Sexedulebis aRi-areba mogviwevs, ris Tanaxmadac bevriram misi umdidresi mecnierulimemkvidreobidan gamosamzeurebelia dakvlavac sagangebo kvlevas saWiroebs.Sesaswavlia vaxuStis cxovrebisa daSemoqmedebis burusiT moculi mTelirigi sakiTxebisa. misi zogierTi orig-inaluri Tu Targmnili nawarmoebikvlav erTgul mCxrekelsa da gamom-cemels elis...

1997 wels iuneskos egidiT saerTa-Soriso masStabiT aRiniSna vaxuStibagrationis dabadebis 300 wlisTavi.gamoica krebulebi: ,,vaxuSti bagra-tioni _ istorikosi da geografosi“,,,vaxuSti bagrationi geografi“; asevevaxuStis ,,saqarTvelos geografia“ da,, saqarTvelos atlasi“. unda iTqvas,rom atlasis saxiT am Zvirfasierovnuli ganZis gamocema qarTulikulturis istoriisaTvis epoqalurimniSvnelobis movlenadaa miCneuli. 2011wels daibeWda vaxuStis mier rusul-idan Sesrulebuli qarTuli Targmani,,politikuri geografiisa“ (xaraZe 2013:260-300).

sakvalifikacio Temis istoriografi-uli bazis mimoxilvisas Cven arSevexebiT vaxuStis Sesaxeb arsebulyvela gamokvlevas. sadisertacio naS-romis gansazRvruli moculoba daTematika ar iZleva amis saSualebas.amasTanave, met-naklebad mniSvnelovaniyvela naSromis Tundac zogadi mimox-ilva, bunebrivia, sagrZnoblad dagva-Sorebda sakvlev Tematikas. amitom,vinaidan sadisertacio naSromSi miznadvisaxavT dasavleT saqarTvelos orikonkretuli administraciul-poli-tikuri erTeulis saistorio geografi-asTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebzemsjelobas vaxuStis TvalTaxedviT,Sesabamisad SevexebiT im gamokvlevebs,romlebSic metwilad asaxulia sworedodiS-afxazeTis saistorio geografiisada toponimiis calkeuli sakiTxebi.

maT Soris, upirveles yovlisa, undadasaxeldes ivane javaxiSvilis, simonjanaSias, pavle ingoroyvas, nikoberZeniSvilis, valerian gabaSvilis,levan maruaSvilis gansakuTrebuliRvawli am TvalsazrisiT da maT miergamoTqmuli mravali fundamenturidaskvna Tu hipoTeza.

egris-afxazeTis istoriuli topon-imiis gasaSuqeblad mniSvnelovanmasalas gvawvdis da winamdebare sak-valifikacio naSromSi gaTvaliswineb-ulia gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris,pavle ingoroyvas (1893-1983 ww.) monu-menturi, 1150-gverdiani naSromi ,,giorgimerCule, qarTveli mwerali meaTe sauku-nisa“, rac jer gagrZelebebiT ibeWde-boda Jurnal ,,mnaTobSi“ (1949-1952 wleb-Si), xolo 1954 wels calke wignadacgamoica. masSi uamravi problema damovlena mkvlevris mier sruliad orig-inaluradaa gaazrebuli da Sefasebuli.Cveni kvlevisTvis gansakuTrebiT sayu-radReboa wignis IV Tavi: ,,dasavleTsaqarTvelos feodaluri saxelmwifo(,,afxazeTis samefo“) da cnobebi misSesaxeb giorgi merCulis ZeglSi“.masSi p. ingoroyva msjelobs afxazeTisistoriuli eTnografiis, kerZod,mosaxleobis eTnikuri SemadgenlobisSesaxeb antikur xanaSi da saSualosaukuneebSi. afxazeTis teritoriazemosaxle tomTa vinaobisa da dasavleTsaqarTvelos (,,afxazeTis samefos“)daarsebis istoriis Sesaxeb. amave TavSiwarmodgenilia p. ingoroyvas ,,spe-cialuri eqskursi“, riTac mkvlevarimiznad isaxavs saistorio wyaroebSimoxseniebuli afxazeTis mxareTa ge-ografiuli saxelwodebebis struqtu-rul-etimologiur analizs da maTkavSirs qarTul enobriv samyarosTan.,,geografiuli saxelwodebani, wers p.ingoroyva, _ iZlevian sruliad

garkveul Cvenebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu viniyo binadari mkvidri afxazeTis mxa-reebisa. afxazeTis mxareTa mosaxleoba,rogorc irkveva, Tavidanve qarTul eT-nikur wres ekuTvnoda, da aseTive qar-Tuli xasiaTi hqonda am mxares kerZodim epoqaSi, rodesac daarsda dasavleTsaqarTvelos ,,afxazeTis samefo“ (in-goroyva 1954: 146).

p. ingoroyvam uaryo qarTul isto-riografiaSi manamde miRebuli Sexed-ulebani dasavleT saqarTvelos (,,afx-azTa samefos“) Sesaxeb da ,,saistoriomasalebis preciziuli analizis Sede-gad“ (misive sityvebia) SeZlo Semdegisagulisxmo daskvnebi gamoetana:

1. antikur xanasa da SuasaukuneebSi, ,,afxazTa samefos“ daarse-bis droisTvis (VIII s.) afxazeTis ter-itoriaze mosaxle tomebi _ sakuTrivafxazebi, absilebi, misimianebi da sanixe-bi qarTuli warmoSobisani iyvnen,dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva danarCeniqarTveli tomebis (qarTebi, megrelebida svanebi) msgavsad.

2. afxazeTSi mosaxle qarTveltoms _ afxazebs dasavleTisaqarTvelo ki ar daupyriaT, aramedadgili hqonda afxazeTis erisTavismoTaveobiT rogorc afxazeTis, isedasavleT saqarTvelos danarCeni ter-itoriis ganTavisuflebas bizantiisimperiis batonobisagan. igi imowmebsistoriuli pirvelwyaros _ ,,matianeqarTlisas“ cnobas, rom afxazTa eris-Tavi ,,gadga berZenTa (e.i. bizantielTa-i.k.), daipyra afxazeTi da egrisi vidrelixamde (xazgasma avtorisa _ i.k.)“afxazTa erisTavma, daaskvnis p. in-goroyva, ,,orive mxare, afxazeTica daegrisic vidre lixis mTamde, daipyrabizantielTagan, ganaTavisuflabizantielTa batonobisagan“ (ingoroyva1954: 116).

3. bizantiis batonobisagan dasavleTsaqarTvelos (afxazeTTan erTad) gan-Tavisuflebis Semdeg Seqmnil ,,afx-azeTis samefoSi“ iwyeba wminda qar-Tuli saxelmwifoebrivi politikisgatareba. bizantiis xangrZlivi batono-bis Sedegad gabatonebul mTavar sax-elmwifo enas qarTuli Caenacvla dasaeklesio wirvis enadac qarTuli iqnaSemoRebuli. ierarqiulad konstanti-nopolis patriarqTan dakavSirebulidasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia amieri-dan qarTlis (iberiiis) sakaTalikososdaeqvemdebara (iqve: 117). ,,dasavleTsaqarTvelos qarTuli saxelmwifo, _wers p. ingoroyva, _ Seqmnilia qarTvelitomebis mier, da erT-erTi am tomTaSoris aris qarTveli tomi afxazebi“(iqve: 117).

gansakuTrebuli alRo, didi erudi-cia da faqtebis ganzogadebis didiunari gamoarCevs akad. ivane javax-iSvilis (1876-1940 ww.) mecnierul moR-vaweobas. igi farTo maStabiT ikvlevdasaistorio geografiis sakiTxebs.sagangebod am problemis gaSuqebasisaxavs miznad 1919 wels gamoqveynebuli,,saqarTvelos sazRvrebi istoriuladda Tanamedrove TvalsazrisiT“. manvesagangebo gamokvleva uZRvna saqarTve-los ekonomikuri istoriis Seswavlas,rac 3 wignad gamoica, xolo kapitalurnaSromSi _ ,,qarTveli eris istoria“,didma mecnierma sruliad axleburadgamoikvlia da Rrma mecnieruli, kri-tikuli Seswavlis safuZvelze naTelimohfina saqarTvelos politikur is-torias, qarTveli xalxis vinaobisa damigraciis, materialuri kulturis, sar-wmunoebis, saxelmwifoebrivi wyo-bilebis formebis, kulturisa da sxvasakiTxebis mraval burusiT moculsakiTxs. akad. niko berZeniSvilis mar-Tebuli SefasebiT, ,,gansxvavebiT sxvaam dargis mecnierTagan iv. javaxiSvilmaspecialuri gamokvleva uZRvna mTlianisaqarTvelos istoriul geografiasda es Sroma Tavis ,,qarTveli eris is-torias“ waumZRvara. manve Seadgina da1923 wels gamosca ,,saqarTvelos isto-riuli ruka“ (berZeniSvili I, 1964: 350).

igor kekelia

samegrelosa (odiSis) da afxazeTis istoriuli geografia vaxuStibagrationis naazrevSi da Tanamedrove istoriografia

ilori 322-29 ivlisi 2014

“faqtebi, ris gamoc giga bokeriasac

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gazeTi “qronika” detalurad werda

da am informaciis gaxmaurebam, ekle-

siasTan mebrZolTa rigebSi didi au-

rzauri gamoiwvia. SeSfoTdnen, Cveni

gegmis detalebi rogor moxvda presis

furclebze, giga bokeriam amxela

iaRliSi rogor dauSvao. maSin, am viT-

om liberalebidan kacs ar uaryvia,

egre ar iyo, eklesias arafers verCiT

da arc mis orad gaxleCas vapirebdiTo.

apirebdnen ki ara, dRe da Rame amaze

ocneboben, es mamonas motrfialeni.

2006 wlis 27 martis “cixis buntis”

mTavari moqmedi giga bokeriaa. maSin

baCo axalaia vin iyo, martos gadaewyvi-

ta, cixeSi specrazmi Seeyvana Tu ara?

miT umetes, cixeSi iseTi araferi xde-

boda, rom “specnazis” Careva saWiro

yofiliyo. raRa Sors wavide, ager “na-

cionali” elene TevdoraZe adebs xels

giga bokerias, “cixis buntis” dros,

giga bokeria orTaWalis cixeSi iyo

da brZanebebsac eg gascemdao. kidev

sxva, uamravi mowme arsebobs, romlebic

amasac adastureben da amateben, giga

bokerias xelSi avtomati eWira da is-

roda, patimrebis daxocva magis

kiserzec ariso. es saqmec koSmariviT

awuxebs bokerias, “cixis buntTan”

dakavSirebiT, erTdroulad ramdenime

sisxlis samarTlis saqmea aRZruli

da didi Sansia, saakaSvilis xelisu-

flebis am erT-erT yvelaze saSinel

danaSaulze bokeriasac miadgnen samar-

Taldamcavebi...

magram, vfiqrobT, rom arc is iqneba

ukanaskneli!

l. javaxiSvili

faqtebi, ris gamoc giga bokeriasac daiWeren!

ilori4 22-29 ivlisi 2014

xSirad davfiqrebulvar, ra ariswiaRi SemoqmedebiTi muzisa? albaTsxvadasxva garemoebebi, gansakuTrebulniWTan da Sinagan gamomsaxvelobiTunarTan erTad. es RvTiur ZRveniagamorCeulTa.

erTi swavluli acxadebs, rom,yoveli adamianis sulSi aris sarqveli,romelsac mxolod poezia aRebso. di-axac, rom ase gaxlavT. poeti qalbato-nis guli kircxalias lirikuli Se-moqmedeba swored misi sulis sar-qvelis gaxsnaa poeziis meSveobiT.

didi Sandor petefi ambobs:“vfiqrob poezia taZaria, sadac qalam-nebiTa da fexSiSvelac SeiZlebaSesvla”. marTlac, poezia TiToeuliCvenTaganis azrebis amRerebaa, amitomacaris igi sasurveli, momxibvleli dabevris TavSesafari. swored moZale-bul grZnobaTa hangebs (amaRlebulsaTu avbediTs) gaandoben mas. iSuSebenTu imaRleben sulis siTbo-iarebs,misgan iReben kmayofilebas. is mara-diulia, is ganumeorebelia. ufro met-ic, poezia sulis musikiT ukavSirdebagrZnobebs da es sxvadasxva notazeJReradi simebi iwvevs TaviseburTrobas. amaze metyvelebs guli kir-cxalias pirveli lirikuli krebuli,sadac Sesulia sulieri foriaqiTSeqmnili 51 leqsi.

vfurclav krebuls da Tvalwinmidgas Tma daTovlili, darbaisluradmosaubre, zogjer Rrmad Cafiqrebuliqalbatoni. romlis cxovreba ise aewyo,rom salbunad leqsi da moimededufali miaCnia. “meimedeba RmerTi” _swored ase qvia pirvel krebuls.

“mtkivan iarebs viban, uxmoddaRvrili cremliT,

xatis win sanTlebs vanTeb, meimedebaRmerTi”.

wuTisoflis muxanaTobam mamas cxraTvisa daaSora. faSistebis winaaRmdegomSi gaiwvies da ukan ar mobrunebula.deda Tormeti wlisas daeRupa dadarCa mozardi axloblebis amara, eu-lad, da-Zmebis gareSe. keTiliaxloblebis xelSewyobiT daamTavrasaSualo skola, Semdeg miiRo oriprofesiuli ganaTleba.

“martoobis farCas vicvam, cremlisTqeSi maxrCobs,

Cemi wili sixaruli, vin wamarTva?ratom?”

aqviTinebuli xmiT kiTxulobs cx-

ovrebis ulmobel quraSi Caxveuliqalbatoni. Tavad, cxovrebis mZimexvedris mtvirTvels arasdros moSore-bia mitevebisa da gulisxmieridamokidebulebis grZnoba sxvebisadmi.mamiseuli kera nosirSi (senakis raioni)ar Caaqro, meddad daiwyo saqmianobasamedicino dawesebulebaSi da para-lelurad mSobliuri soflis macx-ovrebelTa mSveleli gaxda. Tu vinmesraime samedicino daxmareba dasWirdebamasTan morbian _ “keTilo mezobelonemsi gamikeTe”, “guli mamida, bavSvsRebineba aqvs da miSvele”, “guli mamidamamas weli tkiva da wamali momeci”...asea dausrulebliv. sakuTari saxlisamedicino punqtad da afTiaqad aqcia.amitom sofelma “mamida” Searqva. dadidi da patara am saxeliT mimarTavsdResac.

gancda da sulieri tkivilisstriqonebad qceva, piraduli da so-cialuri mdgomareobiT nasazrdoebiimpulsebis gadmofrqveva, mudam Tavis-Tavadia, guliTadia, romelSic sakuTariwarsuli da awmyoa Cakiruli. da esar aris qaoturi da veluri.

“mowyenilia patara saxli, ragaaxarebs mas,

roca uReli martoobisa, mxarzeSeudgams qals”.

literaturaSi ara erT cnobil Se-moqmeds gamouxatavs socialuri yofisada sulierebis urTierT kavSiri. esori fenomeni odiTganve erwymis er-TurTs. daoblebuli suli da civigaremo iwvevs da qmnis poeturigajiriTebis survils. es Tema umaRlesmwvervalze aiyvana genialurma baironmada vagnerma. am gzis mebairaResaqarTveloSi baraTaSvilia sakuTariTavganwiruli mxedriT.

qalbatoni g. kircxali ki Tavise-burad ambobs.

“ar mZinebia wuxelis, ar momixuWavsTvali...

TavT medo Rrublis baliSi, qrodaaSari qari”.

ara mxolod samedicino mkurnalo-biT dakmayofilda keTili “mamida”,man sakuTari saxsrebiT, mTavari gzisganapiras, (rom yvelasTvis xelmisawv-domi yofiliyo,) wisqvili gamarTa damorigi sikeTe uboZa Tanasoflelebs.es guliTadi daxmareba qalbatonmasakuTar leqsSi gamoxata: “dgaswisqvili locvad”. marTlac, dolabistrialsa da safqvavis Camoyris riTmulxmianebas locvad erwymis soflismadlierebis eqo.

“gtkioda da dagiame, gwyuroda dawyali gasvi,

gSioda da dagapure, oTxad gavWererTi vaSli,

meoTxedi me aviRe, danarCeni SenmogarTvi”.

ambobs poeti, rac sakuTari foriaqis,tkivilis Tu soflis yofis SerwymisSesaniSnavi gamovlinebaa.

pirveli leqsTa krebuli aSkaradsevdiani gancdiTaa nasazrdoebi. wignissaerTo paToss kargad gamoxatavsleqsi “sasaflaoze”:

“aq Semzaravi mdumarebaa, Svebas vermoggvri guls,

mxolod cremlebi, cxeli cremlebi,gulSi uCumrad duRs”.

ratomRac genialuri terentigraneli maxsendeba, misi sevdiani RaRa-di. terentis sulieri gancda gadamedo

am mcire zomis krebulis gacnobisas.Tumca wignSi aris ramdenime leqsiriTac poeti qalbatoni saerTo saka-cobrio Rirebulebebis mimarT iCenserTgulebas, es gaxlavT miteveba, dan-doba da mSvidoba.

“taZarSi Sevedi... da locvad davdeqi, avanTe sanTeli wminda.ras viTxov? _ mSvidobas. ras viTxov? _ dandobas. codvilTac Sendobac minda”.tragikuli intonaciebis simravle

imitomac sWarbobs poetis Semoqmede-baSi, man icis sicocxlis fasi, sic-ocxlisa da bednierebis TiToeuliwuTis fasi. swored amitom Tavdavi-wyebiT uyvars cxovreba da misTviserT cnebad warmodgeba bedniereba dacxovreba.

samyarosadmi siyvaruli sakuTarisamSoblodan iwyeba. samSoblos siy-varuli ki sakuTari kuTxe alagidan.es Rrmad aqvs gaTavisebuli lirikosqalbatons. misi gamosaxviTi formebiam mxriv axali ar aris, Tumca war-mosaxvebi miseuli da TavisTavadia.radgan kolxuri miwis feri, megrulilegendebisa da andazebis gavlenissimZafre, Winkebisa da oCokoCebiszRapruli ganumeorebloba Zlieria.es iwvevs SemoqmedebiTi muzis zeimsda amitom aRtacebiT xelgaSliligulSi imeorebs JamTagan damoZRvrilstrofebs: “bJa didare Cqimi, TuTa mu-maCqimi, xviCa, xviCa muricxefi da dojimare Cqimi”.

sakuTari Jam-tkiviliani kuTxisadmisiyvaruli mgrZnobiared aqvs gamoxat-uli leqsSi “dedamoka”. es aris leg-enda egriss Semoseul ulmobel mtersgamoqceuli qalisa da uflis urTier-Tobisa, roca macxovari saswaulebrivgadaarCens orsul dedakacs.

“legendaa dedamoka, momxiblavimTebiT,

qujis cixe gadmoscqeris gamarTuliwelSi.

urjuloTa nakvalevi, mzem, mzemamoSanTa,

dedamoka _ rwmena aris, silamazisgarda”.

sruliad gansxvavebulia leqsTameore krebuli. redaqtoris vrcel,mSvenier winasityvaobas davamatebdiSemdeg winadadebas, “am leqsTa kre-bulSi moismis Zalumi sunTqva, alalisityva da lamazi melodia kolxiqalbatonisa, romelsac humanizmi dakacTmoyvareoba Zval-rbilSi aqvs gamj-dari”.

marTlac saocari ferTa harmoniaiqmneba ori fenomenis, tkivilisa dasixarulis, urTierT SerwymiT. esgaxlavT erTgvari gzis gakvalva, sxiv-nafeni wrfeli striqonebiT adamianisgulebisaken. mimaCnia, rom is Savinotebi sasikvdilod daWrili gulidanamoxeTqili Seukavebeli Zaxilisgamovlenaa.

“tkiviliani dReebiT, ca miRonebsstriqonebs,

guli, rom ar gamiCerdes, leqsigamovigone”.

leqsi miTaJamidanaa gamogonebuli,poeti qali aq weras gulisxmobs, esnaTli, iseve rogorc xatovnad exerxebastriqonebis Zerwva da sulis miwierisamyofidan zecad amaRleba.

“gahxedeT baRSi ayvavda nuSi, iasaman-ma Seisxa mZivi,

sixarulisgan es vazi tiris, budesikeTebs balua Citi”.

poet qalbatons araviTari sxvaganZi ar moepoveba, uSurvelad gaRebu-li sikeTisa da mSvenieri striqonebisgarda, romelic misi sulisa da cx-ovrebis nawilia. sulis simebze gatare-buli qnaria, romelsac amofarebuliki ar aris, piriqiT saSualebaa gamox-atos, gadmosces sakuTari gulisTqmada wadili.

nebismieri adamianisaTvis upirvelesisamSobloa, qveyana xatad qceuli. gulikircxalia roca xedavs uWirs mis sam-Soblos borgavs. aseulobiT adamianTanerTad misi gancdis obieqti dakarguliafxazeTi da samaCabloa, rac aTqmevinebspoets:

“kvlav Zveleburad vloculob Senze,sicarieles vivseb imedis sxiviT.

Tan ekal-bardebs vacileb uxmod,dasabrunebel patara biliks”.

lirikosis samyaro mravalferovaniada mSvenierebiT sxivmosili. sevdanare-vica da amaRlebulic. am qveynad ise arucxovria mijnurobis wrfeli grZnobasar gaudgams fesvi mis mgrZnobiaregulSi. poetis ubis wignakSi aRmovaCineCanaweri (b. g-s ) romelic amxels:

“iqneb gagaoca Cemma sulgrZelobam,moTminebis niWma Cemma,

modi gamejibra namdvil siyvarulSi_ ufro gaocdebi mjera”.

etyoba udrood Caqra es gatacebadqceuli grZnoba, amitom mosTqvams po-eti:

“saflavis qva civi iyo, saxe SeniuRimo,

meaTase sanTels ginTeb, udidesotkivilo”.

namdvili lirika bednieri winaT-grZnobaa, uCveulod msubuqi da naziJReradobis qaRaldze gadmotanaa. sim-boloebisa da gaSalaSinebuli saxeebzeagebuli strofebi. stilis sikoxtaveda mxatvruli feradovneba. ferwerulisaxeebis gamoZerwva. qarTul klasikurtradiciebamde miaxloeba, rac qmnismkiTxvelSi aRtacebas. amgvaristriqonebi sanTliT saZebari rodiag. kircxalias SemoqmedebaSi. “Tamaro-ba”, “taZris zari” , “iasamani”, “vaJafSavela” da sxva, kargi nimuSia poetisniWierebisa.

“vumRer sikeTes da Zalas RvTiurs,cad varsklavebis lxenad anTebas, “vaSa qala, dedas, das satrfos erT-

guls “vaSa brwyinvale dRis dabadebas”.an kidev:“me gamovzarde, me SevZeli SeuZle-

beli, me vusxi wyali iasamans da gavaxare,me SemovRobe ciur-cvariT, celqi

sioTi, me movaSore ekal-bardi da sarev-

ela”.qalbatoni guli aqtiurad monaw-

ileobs sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi.cdilobs raionSi Catarebul kultu-rul RonisZiebaSi CaerTos. iyos mxar-damWeric da Semfasebelic. esec Tavise-buri niWia. romelic energiasa da mza-obas moiTxovs.

vusurveb mxneobasa da Semdgom Se-moqmedebiT warmatebas niWier qalba-tons!

boris daviTaia,ak. wereTlis saxelobis premiis

laureati

tkivilze gajibrebuli poezia

sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZrismRvdelmsaxuri, mama petre kvaracx-elia eqs-prezident eduard Se-vardnaZis samebis sakaTedrotaZarSi gadasvenebis gadawyvetile-bas gamoexmiana.

„im qveyanaSi, sadac jabaioseliani terenti granelisgverdiT ganisvenebs, SevardnaZe romtaZridan gaasvenon, ar gamikvirdeba...arasdros aravisti vyofilvar, ma-gram yovelTvis saxels varqmevdi

yvelafers. is periodi ase adviladar Caivlis iseTi patara sax-elmwifosTvis, rogoricsaqarTveloa... nu ityviT, rom vin-mesTvis sagaloblebis fonze taZri-dan gamosveneba menaneba, piriqiT _ufalma marTalTa Tanadaamkvidros eduard-giorgi, magrampanTeonis da taZarSi dasvenebisdaniSnuleba ar dagvaviwydes. xSir-ad vstumrob didubis sazogadomoRvaweTa ZvalTSesalags da Cemi

kuTxis poets rom davhyureb, mis

siaxloves dasvenebuli jaba

ioselianis (agreTve acxonos ufal-

ma) xilva, walenjixaSi, granelis

quCaze mowyobil ngrevas da

cecxlis alebs meqanikurad

maxsenebs... mas mere ver dadga

fexze Cemi odabade... mikvirs, bevri

ram mikvirs Cveni av-kargianobisa....“

_ ganucxada „Frontnews“–s mama pe-

trem.

„qveyanaSi, sadac jaba ioseliani terenti granelis gverdiT ganisvenebs, SevardnaZe rom taZridan gaasvenon, ar gamikvirdeba...“

ilori 522-29 ivlisi 2014

poeziis kuTxe

WiWe samargaloSsqua

(didi falavani nestor

esebua)

did saxeli Zirafilo

is durTinu pariziSe,

mTel msoflioS markineSa

nesters gumnuxunu JiSe.

saCuqarefiT efSafe,

midomiSe, mudanero,

sasaxeloT dourTininu

oqro-varCxiliS xargelo.

WiWe samargaloS squas

mi ifiqrend aTenero,

morkine var Cqin nestorq‚

ginirT gvalo alagero.

arTSa, orCinels soxumSe

weril Sibu aTeneri:

nestor, qorTxinT mumanWuaT

dRaSi rdas do gokon seri.

mixailovqQ qaSmakaTes,

dofCabaxes arZa arTo,

ryintuaSaT moSkuruna,

noyor unjanc Zalam farTo.

muSianefq giluvares,

uwis: vergu sqani ula,

did saxelcuT miooTa,

ukul Tes qajgvenu Rura.

es iSeniT vamoTmineb do

midurTumu Teq‚Zalo,

rusiq nestor qoZiruni,

gocigan duWyafudu gvalo.

rCin koCs muWo verkinava,

xugeg akocensi gvalo,

eS coda Tqva giRudani,

movilafuanTo Zalo.

mara nesters giSuleb do

godirgafu vefxviSnero,

masma wuTis qaSuqosaf,

mus Rolandu, aba moro.

es veludu rus markine,

mixailov macqvafela,

onjRore dogurafu do

gegTutyobud muWo mela.

mTel msoflios JarneC wanas

nestor mefed rkinebaS,

gvalo Tecal saTolsero

miTins vagugoneb dRas.

Cxonafili eTiS dida,

namuS ZuZu Tis uwuni,

nestor ubir sisa-tura

do karTeSa ewirduni.

Taq as axel saqorTuo

do muS sqvami samargalo,

senaki do WiWe sorta

caSa gafurinu gvalo.

vavooTaT TiS saxeli,

TiS koCana sasaxelo,

aSoWyolidafa iSen

nesters vaxvad muTunfero.

ma Te ambe leqso bWari,

nestor qofSinuaT TaSi

do ginaCas TiS gmirobaq

Cqin Taobas viSo-viSo.

ivane Sonia

keTilgonieri, patrioti, moqalaqe, po-eti, moazrovne, iumoristi _ ase icnobenjemal (aleqsandre) jRarkavas.

samegrelos erT-erT ulamazes sofel-Si _ nagvazaoSi (martvilis raioni)dabadebuli bavSvobidanve eziara uflis,samSoblosa da moyvasis siyvaruls.

skola da umaRlesi warCinebiT daam-Tavra. iyo sportis ostati Wadraksa daSaSSi.

1978 wels qarTuli enis siwmindisdasacavad mdgari im doneze aRelvebulada SeSfoTebula, rom milicielebs misidakaveba mouxdaT, ris gamoc politpa-timari gaxda.

gamocemuli aqvs 4 wigni: `mxolod ma-muli~, `qalebs~, `sxvadasxva~, `dro~.

misi poezia _ igive sulis simfonia_ mravalferovania. erTmaneTsenacvlebian leqsebi, sonetebi, simRerebida odebi siyvarulze, samSobloze, mego-brobaze... aseve mravalferovania misibrZnuli azrebic, romlebic uxvadaawarmodgenili zemoTxsenebul gamoce-mebSi.

gulanTebulma adamianma axlaxansgulis operacia gadaitana.

vusurvebT jemals, ar stkiodes guli,eRvawos qveynis siyvaruliT, kidev bevr-jer gaexarebinos misi Semoqmedebis Tay-vanismcemlebi da, rac aucilebelia nor-maluri adamianisaTvis, Seeqmnas ojaxi.

megobrebi

Cemi fiqri, Cemi gzaCemi fiqri, Cemi grZnoba, Cemi gulis mx-urvalebaleqsebSi maqvs CanaRmuli _ gancda,Relva, mduRareba.sulis siTbo, siamaye _ siyvaruliTnaferebi.Camwvar-Caflul-Casirmuli, eSxis aliTnaSenebi!

vimRer guliT, vambob nagrZnobs, ar vivi-wyeb arc Zvel nacnobs.vnebiT, gznebiT anTebuli, vikvlev imgzas, rac rom makrTobs.vikvlev sulis Rrma fesvebSi Tu racecxli danavardobs,amiT vtkbebi! amiT vTvrebi! amiT Cemiguli laRobs!

gaval, sivrces Cavexvevi, misaniviT gavTq-vam saTqmels,wrTobiT gamococxlebuli, azri CemiSeZravs mTa-vels.kvali, misgan danarCeni, aRamaRlebswminda saxels,momavali mxars amibams da morCiladgamiwvdis xels!

am imediT, amiT vcocxlob, amiT vamsxvrevfiqrTa xundebs,ver Camiklavs (an ra Caklavs), rac romsulSi daibudebs!

laxvars Cavcem da gavaqrob win aRmar-Tul RvarZlis gundebs!gulisZaxils mivcem savals, gajdeba daRrmad ibudebs.

Cemi fiqri, Cemi grZnoba, Cemi gulis mx-urvalebaleqsebSi maqvs CanaRmuli _ gancda,Relva, mduRareba.sulis siTbo, siamaye _ siyvaruliTnaferebi.Camwvar-Caflul-Casirmuli, eSxis aliTnaSenebi!

sulis simfonia(soneti)

neba fiqrebi laciceben Rrubel landi-viT,ra momnusxveli, RvTaebrivi dgeba aisi...gakrTa, ielva, gaifanta yvela burusi,molivlive myis azvirTdeba vnebiT fus-fusi!

erTbaSad swydeba riTmasaviT elvadenebi,mravalxmianobs STagoneba, Rrmadnasvenebi,anazdeulad Soreuli ireva xmebi,did warmosaxvas mravalferi esxmebafrTebi!

fiqrTa mdinare gamalebiT ivseba uxvad,azrTa simravle, STagoneba malaRebsmdumars,bWeni ki eSxiT imoseba feriul sulTa.

mSvenierdeba yovelive, brwyinavs ferebi,dafarfateben maRla caSi TeTri mtre-debi,macne mSvidobis, gamarjvebis _ bedniere-bis!

1983

***Zveli vnaxe megobari, SemomCivla: `sadxar, kaco,ase didxans SeiZleba, Seni Zma rom aranaxo?~gavifiqre: eh, ras izam, albaT ise ar varsargo,Torem Tavad momZebnida!.. dro brZenia,Cemo kargo!

midi gaswie!ra dros dardia,ra dros sibere,midi, gaswie! midi, inebe!uReli gawevs,gain sibeces!ar daixaro, xaro, vidremdesiqa ar gagZvressul mTlad kidemde!gaswie, xaro,mkerdi sikeTes, _boroti mudam fexiT misrese,dinjad iare,xanac ielve _muxlCauxrelad,kidiT kidemde!Sen genacvale, mamuls mixede!

nuTuTaxsirdeba saqarTvelo,vxedav eSma Rreobs,nuTu eris gamyidvelni

gaitanen `lelos~?nuTu enas rusTvelisasmoedeba xavsi?isic, nuTu rac gadarCaSTainTqmeba xanZriT?

eh, qarTvelno, eh, qarTvelno,es ra mogdiT erTi?Tvistoms, Tvistoms rom ekveTeTmaxviliT da cecxliT?

nuTu sul mTlad dagaviwydaTTqven namusis ZarRvida jalaTis najaxiT gsurTdaaCoqoT xalxi?

qarTvelebo, qarTvelebo,es ra mogdiT, RmerTo!nuTu TqvenSi eSmas sisxlida sidample mzeobs?

nuTu sul ar gireviaTTqven qarTvelis sisxli?da moxvediT aqobamdeniRbiT, niRbiR, niRbiT?!

yvelas erTadCamozvavda fiqri gznebad,Camexi da sasule,yelTan Camwydar salams giTvliTmironcxebul asulebs.

yvelas erTad, ganurCevlad,ar gimalavT xvaSiads,egeb kvlavac SevxvdeT erTadalisferad ganTiads!

nebisyofa, WirTa Tmena, ai, Cemi saZvale!..Tavs msurs mivce brZolis neba,eyos rac rom vawvale!

ai, Cemi saidumlo,ai, Cemi stiqia,netareba, suli CemiTqvenTvis gadmomicia!

yvelas erTad ganurCevlad,ar gimalavT xvaSviads,egeb kvlavac SevxvdeT erTadalisferad ganTiads!

fa... fanrebicecxlisfer bageT davwafebivaraTrTolebuli xarbi tuCebiT,mag RvTaebrivTan sad gagonilabadagis gemo, Tundac surneli...

livliv zRvaSi veSvebi Slegidauokebel JiniT da xvneSiT,talRebs ros viwvev azavTdiT-meTqi,myisve zvirTebSi CamiTrevs xeTqiT...

magiur ZalTa dar safanelifantastiuri ixsneba xedi...fa... fanfarebi, farSavangebi,aTasnairi ireva xmebi.

zRva ki irweva, rogorc akvani,mzes CamoSlili oqros fafari,yrud CamxiTxiTebs viRac `fantasti~,fantastiurad gaurindavi...

fa... fanfarebi, farSevangebi...aTasnairi ireva xmebi...cotac da isev azvirTdebianerTmaneTisTvis gaCenilebi.

1982 weli

Cveni jemali 65 wlis gagvixda

mRvdelmonazoni ilia vaSakiZe erT-

erTia sasuliero pirTa Soris, romel-

ic mrevlTan urTierTobisTvis aqtiu-

rad iyenebs Facebook-s. is ar erideba

sazogadoebisTvis aqtualur sxvadasxva

Temebze mosazrebebis sajarod

dafiqsirebas, amjerad ki morig mi-

marTvaSi homoseqsualebs, meZavebs,

narkotikebis momxmareblebs, mkvlelebsa

da alkoholze damokidebul pirebs

mimarTavs. teqsts ucvlelad gTava-

zobT.

“homoseqsualebo, dadeqiT homoseq-

sualizmze maRla! meZavno da mruSno,

dadeqiT meZavobaze da mruSobaze maR-

la! narkotikebis momxmarebelno, dade-

qiT narkomaniaze maRla! loTno, dade-

qiT loTobaze maRla! mparavno da

mkvlelno, dadeqiT mparavobaze da

mkvlelobaze maRla!

es yvelaferi, rac zemoT CamovTvale,

sinanulsa da warsulis datovebas

gulisxmobs.

sinanuli da warsulis datoveba

qristeSi yofnaa da paralelurad, maT-

Tan yofnas niSnavs, vinc im codvaSia,

ra codvaze maRlac dadga vinme.

codvaSi myofTan Tu ar Caxvedi, mas

ver amoiyvan iqidan, Camokidebuls Tu

ver miswvdi, mas ver Camoxsni, yvelaferze

maRla dgoma da, amave dros, yvelaze

da yvelaferze msaxureba qristeSi

yofna da qristes msaxurebaa. visac

siyvaruli uyvars, mas qriste uyvars,

visac codva sZags, mas qriste uyvars,

visac qristesTan misvla unda, mas

qriste uyvars, visac sxvisi qristesTan

miyvana surs, mas qriste uyvars. qristes

siyvaruli siyvarulis siyvarulia!

RmerTma daglocoT, momixsenieT

locvebSi” _ wers mRvdelmonazoni.

mRvdelmonazoni ilia vaSakiZe homoseqsualebs, meZavebsa da mkvlelebs mimarTavs

ilori6 22-29 ivlisi 2014

folkloris (qore-

ografiuli) saerTa-

Soriso da axalgazr-

duli festivali

“kavkasia – 2014”

saqarTvelos qoreografiis

moRvaweTa SemoqmedebiTi kavSiris

organizebiT 3-dan 9 ivlisis

CaTvliT Catarda festivali

“kavkasia – 2014”.

4 ivliss festivals dadianebis

sasaxlis ezoSi zugdidma umaspin-

Zla.

“kavkasia-2014”-Si monawileobas

Rebulobdnen sxvadasxva Semo-

qmedebiTi koleqtivebi ruseTidan,

ukrainidan, azerbaijanidan, somx-

eTidan,israelidan da saqarTve-

lodan.

zugdidis municipalitetis gam-

geobam monawileebs mowveuli

qveynebidan sasaCuqre suvenirebi

gadasca.

zugdidis munici-

palitetSi mimdinare

proeqtebizugdidis munici palitetis

soflebSi infrastruqturuli

proeqtebis ganxorcieleba mimd-

inareobs.

orsantia – daiwyo orsantia-

oqtombris gzaze rkina-betonis

safaris dageba, romelic region-

aluri ganviTarebis fondis mier

aris dafinansebuli. gzis 4 500

metr monakveTze, otobaiis xidamde

betonis safari daigeba. mimd-

inareobs gare ganaTebis montaJi;

ergeta – xorcieldeba Sida

gzebis moxreSviTi samuSaoebi.

gare ganaTebis montaJi;

didineZi – napirsamagrebi md-

inare jumze. gare ganaTebis mon-

taJi;

caiSi – rkinigzispira zolisa

da sayane farTobis SemoRobva;

darCeli – mini safexburTo

moednis mSenebloba qvemo

darCelis ubanSi.

odiSi – xid-bogiris mSeneblo-

ba rusTavelis quCaze, xidis sare-

abilitacio samuSaoebi CxouSiis

ubanSi, sasaflaos SemoRobva.

martvilis ganaxlebu-

li muzeumi7 ivniss, martvilis givi eli-

avas saxelobis mxareTmcodneo-

bis muzeumi gaixsna. sareabil-

itacio samuSaoebi 2009 wlidan

mimdinareobda da martvilis mu-

nicipalitetis adgilobrivi bi-

ujetidan dafinansda. martvilis

mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi

unikaluri eqsponatebis bazaze

ganaxlebuli eqspoziciiT, axlad-

Seqmnili giorgi Wyondidelis

saxelobis saganmanaTleblo cen-

triT, samecniero biblioTekiTa

(romlis nawilic saqarTvelos

erovnuli muzeumis TanamSrom-

lebis mieraa Segrovebuli) da

adgilobrivi yurZnis jiSebisagan

dayenebuli Rvinis sadegustacio

darbaziT srulad akmayofilebs

Tanamedrove samuzeumo standar-

tebs. muzeumis gaxsnas eswrebod-

nen: anTropologi da arqeologi,

mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTve-

los erovnuli muzeumis gener-

aluri direqtori, batoni daviT

lorTqifaniZe, saqarTvelos xel-

nawerTa institutis direqtori,

martvilis mkvidri, batoni buba

kudava, erovnuli muzeumis Tanam-

SromelTa jgufi da sxva

mowveuli stumrebi.

sergi Wilaias 100 wlis

iubile12 maiss, martvilis munici-

palitetSi, Wyondideli mitro-

polit petres locva-kurTxeviT

aRiniSna Cveni raionis saxelovani

Svilis, SesaniSnavi mwerlis ba-

toni sergi Wilaias 100 wlis iu-

bile. mSobliur kuTxes estumrnen

batoni sergis Svilebi, mwerali

revaz miSvelaZe, istoriis mec-

nierebaTa doqtori, profesori

igor kveselava, literaturis kri-

tikosi, profesori soso sigua,

reJisori da saqveynod cnobili

filmebis – `vedreba“ da `mo-

nanieba“ – scenaris avtori rezo

kveselava. batoni malxaz baZaRua

da sxvebi. mwerlis xsovnas pativi

miages Cvenma axalgazrdebma,

swored maTi monawileobiT

gaimarTa literaturuli speq-

takli,romelSic monawileoba mi-

iRo espaneTSi moRvawe mecoso-

pranom qalbatonma lali Wilaiam.

RonisZieba Catarda martvilis

municipalitetis gamgeobis mxar-

daWeriT.

ioane naTlismcemlis Sobis

dResaswauli

ioane naTlismcemlis Sobis

dResTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos

eklesia-monastrebSi sazeimo wirva

aRevlina maT Soris xobis munic-

ipalitetis xorgis TemSi mdebare

ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis

taZarSi, sadac sazeimo wirva fo-

Tisa da xobis mitropolitma meufe

grigolma eparqiis samRvdeloe-

basTan erTad aRavlina.

sazeimo wirva-locvas adgilo-

brivi xelisuflebis warmomad-

genlebic daeswrnen.

musikalur-qore-

ografiul centr

,,odiSi”-s kulturis

saxlis reabilitacia

fazaSi mimdinareobs

musikalur-qoreografiul centr

,,odiSi”-s kulturis saxlSi. am

etapze Secvala savarZlebi, xal-

iCa. mimdinareobs scenis rekon-

struqcia. mowesrigda sveli wer-

tilebi, Seicvala karebi.

saremonto samuSaoebi maRali

standartebis Sesabamisad mimd-

inareobs. sruli reabilitaciis

Semdeg qoreografiul ansamblebs

saSualeba miecemaT Tanamedrove

tipis reabilitirebul centrSi

funqcionireba.

vin aris 27 wlis qarTveli, romelic jihadis lideri gaxda _ mamaSvilis arCevanSi “nacionalur moZraobas” adanaSaulebs

yofili serJantis, axla ki radikali

islamistebis meTauris omar aS SiSanis

(Tarxan baTiraSvili) mama Temur baTi-

raSvili misi Svilis arCevanSi “na-

cionalur moZraobas” adanaSaulebs.

Temur baTiraSvils BBC-s ruseTis

biuros Jurnalisti esaubra da

gamoaqveyna statia, saTauriT “rogor

gaxda qarTveli serJanti jihadis lid-

eri?”. statiaSi naTqvamia, rom ukve

ramdenimea Tvea, 28 wlis omar aS

SiSanis saxeli yovelTvis JRers samxe-

dro angariSebSi siriidan.

“mwiTuri generlis” fsevdonimiT

cnobili SiSani didi xani araa, rac

“erayisa da levantis islamuri sax-

elmwifos” CrdiloeT seqtoris, eraysa

da siriaSi mebrZoli radikali is-

lamistebis meTauria. sxvaTa Soris,

pankisis xeobaSi _ islamistebis meTau-

ris samSobloSi _ mas sxva saxeliT _

Tarxan baTiraSvili _ icnoben. siriaSi

gamgzavrebamde baTiraSvili sofel

birkianSi cxovrobda da saqarTvelos

jarSi msaxurobda”, _ wers BBC.

Jurnalisti esaubra omar aS SiSanis

mamas Temur baTiraSvils, romelic

acxadebs, rom misi Svili, romelic

2008 wels ruseTTan omis monawilea,

radikaluri islamisgan Sors iyo. igi

religiiT mas Semdeg dainteresda, rac

jaridan tuberkulozis diagnozis gamo

gamouSves, saxelmwifom ki operaci-

isTvisac ar gamouyo Tanxa. Temur

baTiraSvilis TqmiT, mis Svils Tavisi

saxsrebiT mouwia operaciis gakeTeba,

Semdeg ki mas TelavSi samsaxurs dah-

pirdnen, Tumca uSedegod. misive in-

formaciiT, Tarxan baTiraSvils saxlSi

iaraRiT savse yuTi Caudes da daapa-

timres.

“Tarxani cixidan Secvlili gamovi-

da. mas Tavisi nivTebic ki ar daubrunes

_ mxolod pistoleti. ar maxsovs,

romeli weli iyo, erT saRamos CemTan

movida da miTxra: “mama, rogorc Cans,

am qveyanaSi me aravis vWirdebi”. im

dRis Semdeg Tarxani aq aravis unaxavs”,

_ ganacxada Temur baTiraSvilma.

misive TqmiT, samive misi vaJi musul-

mani gaxda.

“Cemi samive Svili musulmani gaxda.

me TviTon qristiani var. arc erTi

Cveni winapari musulmani ar yofila.

eseni ki uceb vahabistebi gaxdnen.

gamodis, Cems Svils saerTod ar vic-

nobdi, ar mesmoda misi. am Canafiqridan

kargi araferi gamova. yoveldRe

saSineli axali ambis molodinSi var.

erTi infarqti ukve gadavitane da

zustad vici, Tu rame cuds gavigeb mis

Sesaxeb, ver gadavitan, ubralod movkvde-

bi. ar mWirdeba me misi aseTi cnobadoba.

ukeTesi iqneboda, saxlSi mjdariyo.

SimSiliT CvenTan aravin momkvdara.

SeiZleba, imisTvis daibada, rom ibrZo-

los. is Wkviani da kargi biWi iyo, ar

vici es yvelaferi rogor moxda. am

yvelaferSi “nacionalebi” arian

damnaSaveebi. miecaT misTvis samsaxuri,

arsad wavidoda. gana saqarTvelos ar

sWirdeba iseTi meomari, rogoric isaa?

gana Cvens jarSi ar gamoadgebodaT?”,

_ acxadebs omar aS SiSanad wodebuli

Tarxan baTiraSvilis mama.

sak. inf.

ambebi samegrelodan giorgi margvelaSvili

gadadgomas apirebs?“SegaxsenebT, rom biZina ivaniSvilTan daZabuli

saubris Semdeg, roca sakiTxi mowmis sasamarTloSi

dakiTxvas exeboda, margvelaSvilma principuloba

gamoiCina da Tqva, rom es kanoni unda amoqmedebuliyo,

sxva SemTxvevaSi, is prezidentobidan gadadgeboda.

rogorc vnaxeT, man Tavisi ver gaitana. muqara, muqarad

darCa. mas Semdeg prezidents imdeni uflebebi mouxsnes,

prezidentoba formalobis zRvarsac scdeba, magram

isic igrZnoba, rom ivaniSvilTan dapirispirebidan

gasuli drois Semdeg, sulac aRar etyoba rom

ususuria da damoukidebeli moTamaSis STabeWdilebas

tovebs. ratom unda gadadges aseT SemTxvevaSi? Sei-

Zleba iqneb mas iseTi kompromati daudes, rom wasvlas

aiZuleben? es mxolod varaudia da danamdvilebiT

arafris Tqma ar SeiZleba, magram radgan daiwyo

saubrebi prezidentis vadamde adre gadadgomis Sesaxeb,

SesaZloa, es realobasTanac iyos axlos. am nabijs

rodis gadadgams prezidenti, an gadadgams Tu ara, es

albaT damokidebuli iqneba Sidapolitikur viTare-

baze”, _ wers presa.

“27 ivniss, saqarTvelom xeli moawera evropasTan

asocirebis xelSekrulebas. am delegaciaSi prezidenti

“motexili” iyo, Tumca asocirebis xelmowerasTan

dakavSirebul dagegmil koncertze, mosaxleobas

sityviT saqarTvelos prezidenti da premier-ministri

erToblivad mimarTes. naklebi Sansi iyo, rom prezi-

denti daTqmul dRes sityviT ar gamosuliyo da ar

gaeziarebina saxelmwifos “sixaruli”, Tumca mis

garSemo mainc SeimCneva konkretul ZalTa gaaqtiureba,

romlebic ar warmoadgenen “qarTul ocnebas”. axla

yvelaferi imazea damokidebuli, ramdenad daarwmuneben

margvelaSvils, rom ifiqros axali politikuri Zalis

Seqmnaze, ar gadadgas daufiqrebeli nabiji da ar da-

tovos prezidentis posti”, _ dasZens werilis av-

tori.

ise, ara gvgonia, rom margvelaSvilis gadadgomiT

qarTulma politikurma speqtrma didi zarali naxos,

magram gamudmebuli arCevnebisagan gawamebuli xalxi

namdvilad aRar wava kidev erT arafrismTqmel

arCevnebze da SeiZleba saqarTvelo Tundac im funa-

ciadakarguli prezidentis gareSe darCes, romelic

mas didad arc sWirdeba!

ilori 722-29 ivlisi 2014

`ax. w. IV s. 80-iani wlebia, konstan-tinopolSi Tavis samuSao oTaxSi zismTeli bizantiis imperiaSi saxel-moxveWili filosofosi da oratoriTemistiosi. saimperio karze gavlenianpirs, cnobil mecniers, aristotelesada platonis mimdevars _ Temistiossbevri sTxovs daxmarebas, rCeva-darige-bas. amitom misi magida yovelTvissavsea imperiis sxvadasxva mxridanmosuli werilebiT. ai, axlac mxcovanifilosofosi werils Casjdomia, am-jerad viRac provincieli axalgazrdaswers: _ `Cemi cxovrebis mizanifilosofiis Seswavlaa, provinciaSiki WeSmariti ganaTlebis miReba Seu-Zlebelia, namdvili swavla mxoloddedaqalaqSi, konstantinopolSi, Sei-Zleba, gTxovT rogorme dedaqalaqSigadmomiyvanoT~.

mecniers gaeRima da miswera pasuxi:_ `mec, Cemo kargo axalgazrdav, ri-torikis nayofi movwyvite gacilebiTufro uCinar adgilas da ara elinTan,aramed pontos boloSi, fazisismaxloblad, sadac argom, Tesaliidanwamosulma, daisadgura, es adgili gaxdaelinuri da iqca muzebis taZrad. iqmivedi me ara Cemi sakuTari miswrafebiTda gadawyvetilebebiT, aramed me gamgza-vna iq iseTma keTilmosurne kacma, ro-goric SeiZleba iyos filosofosi damama, man TviTonac Tavisi ganTqmulifilosofia iq SeiZina.~

minda mowiwebiT visaubro mecnierul-religiur Temaze qarTul-iberiulieTnosis WrilSi, romelsac qarTvelTasulieri misia ewodeba.

dRevandeli `saqarTvelo~ da`qarTveli~ eri miznobrivad sxvadasxvacnebebia, cneba `saqarTvelo~ da`qarTvelTa hegemonia~ VIII-IX ss.imkvidrebs adgils msoflio istoriaSi,mxolod WeSmarit azrovnebas SeuZliagamijnos warsuli epoqis istoriulifaqtebi, rom Cvengan 2500 (ori aTas xu-Tasi) wliT adre iRebs saTavesqarTlis samefos Camoyalibebisa daSeqmnis istoria. (mefe qujis mier far-navazis gamefeba).

qarTlis samefos Seqmnamde 5000(xuTi aTasi) wliT adre TanamedrovesaqarTvelos dasavleTi nawilis ter-itoriaze arsebobs srulyofili laz-iberTa saxelmwifo, pirveli legit-imuri mefe `semis~ saxiT, swored amfaqtze mogviTxrobs Tamar mefis mema-tiane basil ezosmoZRvari:

`dajda nebiTa RmrTisaTa Tamarmefed dasabamiTgan welTa eqvsi aTaseqvsas oTxmocdaeqvssa~. (`qarTuli mw-erloba~, gv. 382 `cxovrebai mefeT-mefeTamarisa~) e.i. Tamar mefe gamefdaqveyanaze pirveli mefe `semis~ game-febidan 6686 wels, amin!

_ xolo mefe semamde laz-iberTasaxelmwifos, kerZod kolxuri samyaros,Seqmnamde dedamiwaze funqcionirebsqamituri epoqa, romlis arsebobacmoicavs mefe semamde 8000 wels (rvaaTasi).

`eseni iyvnen noes Svilebi, kidobnidanrom gamovidnen: semi, qami da iafeTi.qami iyo qanaanis mamamTavari~.

am sami cnobierebis nazavi eTnikuriadamianTa jgufi SeiZleba iyos mx-olod qarTveli. qarTuli cnobierebiswiaRma Sva kacobriobis genialuriadamianebi, romlebmac gardatexamoaxdines mimdinare civilizaciisteqnikur-kulturul Tu sulier cx-ovrebaSi.

movusminoT msoflio istorias:`mxolod kavkasiur xalxSi aRwevs

suli Tavis absolutur mTlianobas,erTianobas, sakuTar TavTan absoluturdamoukideblobas _ aRwevs TviTg-amorkvevas, TviTganviTarebas da amiTwin mihyavs msoflio istoria.

msoflio istoriaSi progresi mx-olod kavkasiuri rasis wyalobiT xde-ba~ _ hegeli.

`kavkasiuri tomis xalxebs ekuTvnisyvelafris mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSi

sruliad kaTilSobiluri gamogonebebi,yvelafris, rac gonivruli arsebobisRirsia~ (fridrix qristof Sloseri.msoflio istoria, sanqt-peterburgi1861 w. gv. 66).

laparakia kavkasiur rasaze, protoqarTul, laz-iberiul eTnosze da ara-SemdgomSi Semoxiznul xalxebze.

dedamiwaze mimdinare kacobriobiswarmoSoba, misi evoluciuri ganviTare-bis gza, warsuli, awmyo momavlisa daCven garSemo (planeta dedamiwaze) ar-sebuli usasrulo komisiis Sem-swavleli-gadmomTargmneli, uzustesimecnierul-religiuri informaciuliwyaro xelTa gvaqvs biblia, Zveli daaxali aRTqmis saxiT.

zebunebrivi, RvTiuri niWiT Sedge-nili biblia, saxareba da wminda wer-ilebi, mogexsenebT, ar aris msoflioxalxTa farTo masisaTvis Sedgenili,Tumca xsenebuli RvTiuri mecnierebamsoflio xalxTa sakuTrebaa da maszesulieri ziareba nebismieri erovnebisxalxisaTvis nebadarTulia, Tumca ar-seboben erebi da eTnosebi, romlebicrogorc genetikurad, aseve sulier-cnobierad moumwifebeli arian, andamomwifebis stadiaSi imyofebian, rom-lebisTvisac cnobierad miuwvdomeliabiblia, saxareba da sxva wmida werilTaRrma Sinaarsi.

aqedan gamomdinare, mkiTxvelTa dain-teresebuli wrisaTvis sakuTari TavisSesacnobad mogvyavs bibliidan Semdegiparagrafebi, romlebSiac asaxulia iseri da is xalxi, romlebSiac aRmoCe-nilia genialuri-unikaluri genofon-di.

`yvela mravalricxovan xalxTaSoris erTi xalxi SeiZine da yve-lasagan mowonebuli rjuli miecixalxs, romelic Seiyvare, xolo danarCenxalxebs, adamisgan warmoSobilT,uTxari, rom ararani arian isini danerwyvis msgavsni arian isini. WurWli-dan gadmocvenil wveTebs miamsgavsemaTi simravle (III ezra, 5. 27, 6, 56)~.

bunebrivia, ibadeba kiTxva: _ romelxalxTa eTnoss da vis hqonoda pirve-lad dedamiwaze rjuli?

wamoWrili Tema ar Seesabameba imTemaTa jgufs, romlebic eqvemdebarebaerTi Tvalis gadavlebiT ganxilvasada Seswavlas. aq laparakia samyarosada RmerTis Sesaxeb codnaze, romelic

TavisTavSi maradisobasa da usasru-lobas moicavs.

XX saukunisa da XXI saukunis gasa-yarze kacobriobis winaSe arsebuliproblemebis gadaWra SeuZlebeliaRmerTis codnis gareSe, msoflioSiar arsebobs adamiani, romelic SeZlebsarsebuli problemis damZlevi kanon-proeqtis wardgenas, xsna mxolod `iesoqristeSia~, romelic sasikvdilod,jvarze gasakravad gaimeta kacobriobam,TviTon ki Zmis mkvleli kaenis gziTsiaruli irCia da romelzec dRemdeagrZelebs svlas.

niSandoblivia is faqti, rom pirvel-ma WeSmaritma qarTvelma mouwodamsoflios barabasa da qristes gzisgarCeva, _ samwuxarod, arCeuli gzasaxezea.

bolo Jams msoflioSi mimdinaredaZabuli movlenebi, rogorc poli-tikur-ekonomikuri, aseve seismur-katas-trofuli cvlilebebi uzustescdomilebad, identur planSi mimdinareqmedebebia bibliur winaswarmetyvele-baTa mimarTebaSi.

movusminoT bibliuri winaswarme-tyvelTa winaswarmetyvelebas:

`movedi, rom gagagebino, ra bedieweva Sens ers ukanasknel dReebSi(dan 10.14).~

`babilonis mefis morCilebaSiiqnebian samocdaaTi weliwadi (ieremia25.11).~

`samocdaaTi weli Seusruldebaierusalimis nangrevebs (dan. 9. 21)~.

komentari: 1921 wels Seiqmna sabWoTakavSiri da 1991 w. daiSala, winaswarme-tyveleba aRsrulda.

`samocdaorSvideulSi (62X7=434 dRe)moikveTeba cxebuli, magram brali areqneba~. (dan. 9. 26)

komentari: 1990 wlis 28 oqtombersqarTvelma xalxma airCia kanonieriprezidenti, romelmac 1992 w. 6 ianvarsdatova saqarTvelo, e.i. zustad 434dReSi moikveTa.

`amis nacvlad saZulveli dadgeba…mzakvrobiT daeufleba samefos~. (dan.11. 21).

`Seudgeba saSinel gapartaxebas,gawyvets Zlierebas da wmidaTa ers,

sam Zlier mefes daamxobs~. (dan.7. 24).

murman xubulava

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

qarTuli fenomeni da msoflio civilizacia

wyaltubodan quTaisSi mimavali qari“ilori” stumrad

wyaltuboSi

wyaltubos kolxur warmoavlobaze

rom misi saxelwodeba RaRadebs, am

faqts win veraferi daudgeba. “wyal-

tubo” _ (“wyari tibu”) Tbil wyals

niSnavs, xolo aq mcxovrebi “gaimer-

lebuli” megrelebi: jalaRaniebi, Wan-

turiebi, gadeliebi da sxvani da sxvani

kidev ufro TvalnaTels xdia saqarTve-

los am ulamazesi sakurorto adgilis

kolxur warmomavlobas. swored wyal-

tubos estumra gazeTi “ilori”, sadac

Catarebul mniSvnelovan RonisZiebaze

informacia gamogvigzavna Cvenma mego-barma, gazeT `axali wyaltubos~ mTa-

varma redaqtorma murTaz kankaZem.

am bolo dros kurort wyaltubos

nela, magram TandaTan ubrundeba si-

cocxlis niSati. es ara marto im qu-

CebSi igrZnoba, romlebsac ukve asdiT

axaldagebuli asfaltis oxSivari, ara-

med uamrav sxva wvrilmansa Tu msxvil-

manSic. maT Soris im ramdensame axa-

laSenebul sastumroSic, romlebsac

damsveneblebi dRiTidRe emateba. am

mxriv gamonaklisi arc `wyaltubo-

plazaa~, romelmac Tavis stumrebTan

erTad rionispira qalaqis saxviTi da

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis mravalric-

xovan ostatsa da moyvaruls umaspinZ-

la da uniWieresi mravalmxrivi Semoq-

medis – Temur ZiZiguris mxatvroba da

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis aRiarebuli

ostatis – Tevdore biCinaSvilis na-

warmoebebi gaacno.

gamofenis damTvaliereblebs diasa-

xlisobda sastumros menejeri Tamar

uruSaZe. masTan erTad saintereso

`tandemis~ Semoqmedebasa da mraval-

mxrivobiT gamorCeul moRvaweobaze

isaubres daviT kakabaZis saxelobis

quTaisis samxatvro galereis direq-

torma eliso CogovaZem, wyaltuboSi

bevri saintereso nagebobis xuroTmo-

ZRvarma, arqiteqturis raindma givi To-

daZem da germaniis federaciuli re-

spublikidan Camosulma stumarma elene

Sroderma, romelmac sityva qarTulad

warmoTqva.

_ im dReebSi, rodesac mavani Seecada,

rom Cveni winaprebi dagveviwyebina da

pasportebidan mamis saxeli amogvigdo,

`gviStibelma bokaCom~, sulganaTle-

bulma otia ioselianma mTxova: `im um-

sgavsobisa gamo, Cveni vaipolitikosebi

rom erovnebasa da mamis saxels gveda-

vebian; warmomavlobis SeuvalobisaTvis,

galaktionis ar iyos: `wveTi sisxli

ar aris CemSi araqarTuli~, gTxovT

amieridan ase moixsenioT Cemi pirovneba:

“otia Salvas Ze, Salva farnaozis Ze,

farnaoz biWias Ze ioseliani~. – Sem-

TxveviT ar gaixsena gazeTis `sarkmeli

saqarTvelosi~ redaqtorTa sabWos

Tavmjdomarem aleqsandre Sengeliam,

romelmac xazgasmiT aRniSna rom orive

avtoris Semoqmedeba Rrma erovnuli

fesvebiT sazrdoobs, amitom Tvalna-

Tlivia saiT midis maTi gza, romelic

qarTulia da kargia.

rogorc am saintereso RonisZiebis

proeqtis avtorma paata civaZem aRniSna,

es gamofena Tvis bolomde gastans,

amasTan gamonaklisi ar iqneba. mas Cae-

nacvleba aslan muSkudianis qandake-

bebi, romeo lekveiSvilis fertiloebi,

giorgi gamTenaZis grafika, agreTve

berZnuli da italiuri samzareulos

kvireulebi...

* * *

zustad asi wlis winaT quTaisma da

misma Semogarenma axali sisxli ga-

dausxes saqarTvelos da `cisferi yan-

webiT~ Sesves misi maradiulobis sa-

dRegrZelo.

RmerTma inebos, amjeradac WeSmari-

tad erovnuli sityva geTqvas, wyaltu-

bodan quTaisSi mimavalo qaro!

murTaz kankaZe,

gazeT `axali wyaltubos~ mTavari

redaqtori

ilori8 22-29 ivlisi 2014

mixeil saakaSvilis ZaladobrivmareJimma cxovreba uamrav adamians jo-joxeTad rom uqcia, ucxo aravisTvisar aris. saakaSvilis 9-wlianimmarTvelobis periodi, qarTvelma ermaSiSsa da muqaraSi rom gaatara, eseckargad cnobilia. magram is, rac Sevi-tyve da unda giamboT, yovelgvarmolodins gadaaWarba.

araerTma politikosma, Jurnalistma,arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmo-madgenelma, eqpertebma Tu politolog-ma, is politikuri Sexedulebebi, rac,erTi wlis winaT hqondaT, mkveTradSeicvala da ratomRac xelisuflebiskritikasa da ganqiqebaze gadavidnen.isini yofili xelisuflebis mimarTmetad loialuri gaxdnen. am yvelafer-Si ucnauri araferia. arsebuli xelisu-flebis mimarT kritika, SesaZloa,samarTlianic iyos, magram ise, konkre-tuli pirovnebisgan msgavs gancxadebasrom aravin elodeba, da mowmendilcaze Weqa-quxils atexavs _ es ras

Cadis axali xelisufleba, yofilixelisuflebis dros aseTi ram arxdebodao; gagiCndeba uneblie kiTxva,ra moxda?

bevri rom ar gavagrZelo, mogiyvebiTimas, rac sando wyarosgan SevityveT:

„eqskluziv niuss“ cnobilipirovnebisa da politologis, petremamraZis Sesaxeb skandaluri informa-cia miawodes:

“batoni petre, inteligenti da cno-bili ojaxis Svilia, magram mixeilsaakaSvilis Zaladobrivi reJimismsxverpli isic gaxda.

baton petres kud-ma axalgazrda,msubuqi yofaqcevis qalbatoni miugza-vna. petre mamraZis diskreditacia damisi komprometireba, uSualod prezi-dent saakaSvilis davaleba iyo. sulcota xanSi, kud-elma qalbatonma, petremamraZe „sawolSi“ Seityua da mTelies urTierToba Tavidan bolomdegadaRebulia. ramdenad daujerebelicunda iyos, petres seqsualuri

urTierTrobisas Coxa-axaluxi acviada Tavze fafaxi axuravs. kud-elmaqalbatonma es yvelaferi Tavidanbolomde gadaiRo.

petre mamraZem rogorc ki saakaSvil-isa da misi gundis winaaRmdeg poli-tikuri gancxadebebis gakeTeba daiwyo,nacionalebma es kompromati win daudes.petre mamraZem zurab Jvanias gardac-valebaze is informaciebi gaaJRera,rac nacionalebs xels aZlevdaT, imx-anad yvela televizia petre mamraZesiwvevda. mokled, imis Tqma msurs, rombatoni petre kargi adamiania, magramnacionalebis SantaJis msxverpli gaxdada misi politikuri Sexedulebebic,ukve obieqturobas moklebuli iyo.daSantaJebuli kaci simarTles ara-sodes ityvis, man poziciac amitom Se-icvala. garda petre mamraZisa,analogiur situaciaSi, Coxa-axaluxSigamowyobili sxva politikosebic aR-moCndnen da kud-is mier migzavnilqalebTan igoraves, romelic asevegadaRebulia. es politikosebi, aqtiuripolitikidan wavidnen, radganac kud-mamaT es faruli Canawerebi aCvena damkacrad gaafrTxila: Wkvianad iyaviT,Torem gavasajaroebT da Tqvens coleb-sac gavugzavniTo. amiT daterorebulmazogierTma politikosma partia daSala,zogma sxvadasxva seqtorSigadainacvles. erT-erT cnobil, viTomopozicioner politikoss, romelicxalxsac uyvars, am xelisuflebisa damisi meTauris, premier-ministr Rarib-aSvilis miwasTan gasworeba aqvsdavalebuli.

komprometirebul politikoss,romelic erovnul tansacmelSigamowyobili, aRviraxsnil gancxromasmieca da kud-is migzavnil qalebTanerToboda, “nacionaluri moZraoba” amavadsaxsenebeli faruli CanawerebiTdRemde marTavs da sazogadoebasTvalebSi nacars gvayris.

mokled, “nacionaluri moZraoba”Zvel meTodebs, SantaJsa dakomprome-tirebas dRemde aqtiurad iyenebs daSedegic saxeze gvaqvs. ver veRirseTsamarTlianobis aRdgenas. “nacionalurmoZraobaSic” dRemde xalisoben _ ro-gor mruSobda erovnul tanisamosSigamowyobili opozicia kud-el qalba-tonebTan“.

P.S. aris Temebi, razec komentarizedmetia. gaognebuli da Sokirebuli,verafers vambob, garda erTisa: sadamdeunda gagrZeldes es yvelaferi amqveyanaSi?

saqinformi,

darejan liparteliani

gazeT “iloris” komentari: na-cionalebi rom “xanjlisa dasawamlavis” Suasaukuneobrivi meTodeb-iT moqmedebdnen, es araerTxel daamt-kices am gadagvarebulebma. imaSic ar-avis epareba eWvi, rom nacionalTa“mkvlelobisa” da SantaJis manqanismTavari “meqanikosebi” sulian-xor-cianad maxinji giga bokeria, zurabadeiSvili, givi TargamaZe da sxva nacimkvlelebi iyvnen.

SegviZlia darwmunebiT ganvacxadoT,rom petre mamraZes aSkarad bedma gau-Rima, rom mxolod SantaJi akmares daJvaniasa da SaraZis gzas ar gauyenes.Tanac, “nacionali” arakacebimkvlelobas ar akmarebdnen xolmemsxverpls da yvelafers akeTebdnensaimisod, rom ganwiruli adamianebissaxeli lafSi amoeTxvaraT.

ase “saxelSelanZRulad” moklessaakaSvilis zonderebma SesaniSnaviadamiani da saxelmwifo moRvawe nugzarsajaia, ase miuwvines maT mierve moklulzurab Jvanias aseve maT mier mokluliraul usufovi da gaziT gagudvisscena gaiTamaSes.

ase rom, am mxriv, baton petresaSkarad mosalocad aqvs saqme!

rogor gadaiRo kud-ma, Coxa-axaluxsa da fafaxSi gamowyobili petre mamraZis seqsi kud-is agentTan?

Tavisufali saqarTvelos mecixovneniufalman ,,miagos kacad-ka-

cadsa saqmeTa maTTaebr“ (ro-maelTa, 2T. 6) anu ,,raica

sTesos kacman, igi moimkos“(galatelTa, 6T.7)

“Tu gsurs eri, an adamianigaxrwna da gadaagvaro, mas aramxolod unda daaviwyo war-suli, aramed unda gauyalbokidec igi. Tavisi WeSmaritigmirebi borotmoqmedebad dauniaTo kacunebad undadausaxo, medroveni damoRalateni ki _ gmirebad”.

zviad gamsaxurdia

“mewyalis eri eseo” (mark.8,2). “nu daidumebT erisTvisao,”gveubneba Cveni moZRvreba daamis aRsrulebas pirnaTladmisdevda samRvdeloeba. gadaaT-valiereT istoria da Tqven iqdainaxavT amis auarebel maga-liTebs. moigoneT basili didi,grigol RvTismetyveli, ioaneoqropiri da maTi gamosar-Cleba xalxis keTildReo-bisaTvis, maTi brZola am qvey-nis xelisuflebasTan, mis us-amarTlobasTan, moigoneT am-brosi mediolaneli, romelmacmrisxane imperatori Teodosiar SeuSva eklesiaSi misganTesaliaSi moxdenili sisxlis-Rvris gamo da mravali sxva.gadaxedeT saqarTvelos isto-rias da aqac dainaxavT uamravmagaliTs, samRvdeloebis br-Zolas arsebuli wyobis daeris interesebis dasacavadamqveyniur xelisufalTamZlavrebisagan. samRvdeloebayovelTvis iyo damcvelisaqarTvelos Tavisuflebisideisa. ramdenad mouridebelniiyvnen mRvdelmTavarni amSemTxvevaSi, gviCvenebs SemdegimagaliTi. imereTis mefe

solomon didis memkvidre, ale-qsandre, urwmunoebisa da sxvadanaSaulobebisaTvis samRvde-lo krebam gankveTa eklesiidanda, rodesac is miicvala, aukrZa-la misi qristianuli damarxva.is daasaflaves wesis augebladeklesiis da sasaflaos gareSe.Tvalcremliani mefe solomondidis mudarebam da Txovnamver gaWra, ver SeaSina mRvdelm-TavarTa krebuli. moigoneTanton Wyondideli da misigamosvla tyveTa yidvis winaaR-mdeg, rac imereTis mefes daguria-samegrelos mTavrebsgadaqceuli hqondaT sax-elmwifos marTvis sistemad.

sasamarTlo procesze kaTa-likos-patriarqis wmida am-

brosis (xelaia) mierwarmoTqmuli sityva

2014 wlis 7 ivliss, wmidaioane naTlismcemlis SobisdRes, saqarTveloSi da mTelsmsoflioSi, gavrcelda infor-macia ed. SevardnaZissikvdilis Sesaxeb. myisieradmoxda msoflios moqmedi, Tuyofili politikuri liderebisSefasebebi, am subieqtis mimarTda rasakvirvelia es Sefasebebi,misi pirovnebis dadebiTad war-moCenaSi, rogorc ruseTis, asevedasavleTis politikuri moR-vaweebisa, identuri aRmoCnda,aRaras vambobT qarTul e.w.politikur speqtrze.

Cveni udidesi aRSfoTebagamoiwvia aSS-s saxelmwifomdivnis, baton jon keris, gancx-adebam: ,,ed. SevardnaZe iyodidi politikosi... man udidesiwvlili Seitana saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis aRdgenis daqveynis teritoriulimTlianobis dacvis saqmeSi“,

riTac man sinamdvileSi,qarTveli erisagan, kategoriu-lad moiTxova, ed. SevardnaZisdadebiTad Sefaseba da qarTv-el xalxs man, am sakiTSi er-Tianoba mosTxova. baton kerisSevaxsenebT, rom ed. SevardnaZesaraTu miuZRvis raime dadebiTiwvlili saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis aRdgenaSi,aramed misi pasuxi prezidentzviad gamsaxurdias Txovnaze,romelic telefoniTdaukavSirda moskovSi myofed. SevardnaZes da sTxovasaqarTvelos ssrk-s Semadgen-lobidan gamosvlaSi daxmare-boda, man ase upasuxa: ,,damane-beT Tavi, me erTi pensionerikaci var da nu mTxovT imazemets, rac SemiZlia“, batonmazviadma agreTve hkiTxa: miscaTu ara xma SevardnaZem 31 mar-tis referendumze saqarTve-los damoukideblobas, razecman pasuxad dumili miiRo.xolo rac Seexeba 17 martissakavSiro referendums, ed. Se-vardnaZem, rogorc sayovelTao-daa cnobili, xma misca sabWoTakavSiris SenarCunebas. ase romaSS-s saxelmwifo mdivans kar-gad unda moexsenebodes amsubieqtis ,,Rvawli“saqarTvelosTvis damoukide-blobis mopovebis saqmeSi. amda sxva faqtorebma saqarTve-los respublikis prezidentzviad gamsaxurdias kanonierilegitimuri konstituciurixelisuflebis – uzenaesi sab-Wos aRdgenis erovnulkomitets gadagvawyvetinapiruTvnelad da obieqturadSegvefasebina saqarTvelosuaxlesi istoriis erT-erTiZiriTadi ,,Semoqmedis“, ed. Se-vardnaZis moRvaweoba.

vin, Tu ara qarTvelma ermakargad uwyis misi mmarTvelo-bis Savbneli xana, ufro metic,SevardnaZe iyo Cveni Taname-drove epoqis mrisxane murvanyru da aRa-mahmad-xani.

zogadad politikosTa Se-fasebebis daydnobiT, vakeTebTra analizs, damoukidebelsaqarTvelos respublikaSi im-periidan warmogzavnili ed.SevardnaZe da misi, mokle TugrZelvadiani gegma, romlisudao msxverpli gaxdadamoukidebeli, qristianulisaqarTvelos respublika, iyomasonTa ,,mwvane“ da rusul,,wiTel“ demokratTa, ,,gardaqm-nisa“ Tu ,,feriscvalebis“ er-Toblivi proeqti.

Cvens komitets miaCnia, romaRniSnuli proeqti-operaciarusuli da evro-amerikuli im-perializmis, anu masonTa ko-ordinirebuli strategiuligegmis nawilia da faqtiurad,saqarTvelo transna-cionaluri reaqciuli Zalebisagresiis obieqti gaxda.

TavisuflebisaTvis Sewir-uli marTalTa sulebi vercki warmoidgendnen, rom erTdros, vis winaaRmdegac isinimSvidobianad ibrZodnen, Cveniqveynis xelisuflebaSi, mza-kvruli xerxebiT, kvlavdabrundebodnen, xelSiCaigdebdnen qveynis Zalaufle-bas, saqarTvelo gaiTeleboda,gaiyideboda da masonTa sava-luto fondebSi dasagiravebe-li gaxdeboda.

ed. SevardnaZe gaxlavT 1992wels antikonstituciuriSeiaraRebuli gadatrialebisdagegmva-organizebis da misiganxorcielebis meTauri. mangaaerTiana qveyanaSi arsebuli

yvela boroti da SavbneliZala (mafiozur-klanuri, krim-inaluri, antierovnuli, komu-nistur-revanSistuli, antiqris-tianuli Zalebi), romelTacmoaxdines arnaxulidanaSauli, daamxes konstitu-ciuri xelisufleba, preziden-ti zviad gamsaxurdia, romelicmisi uSualo brZanebiT iqnaganadgurebuli da aseve yvelais pirovneba, romelic icavdasaqarTvelos respublikis kon-stituciur wyobilebas. mansaqarTveloSi ukanonoba – ar-alegitimuri, maxinji poli-tikur-ekonomikuri sistemadaamkvidra. amoraluri cx-ovrebis, mavnebluri – mtace-bluri wesebiT. diax, man mizan-mimarTulad ukanonodgaasxvisa saqarTvelos isto-riuli teritoriis nawilebi(samaCablo, afxazeTi) dagomi-sis, soWis, moskovisxelSekrulebebiT, riTac mansaqarTvelos teritoriulimTlianobis de-faqtod rRvevasCauyara safuZveli. qarTvelierisaTvis,SevardnaZis sax-elTan aris dakavSirebuliqveynis politikuri,ekonomikuri, socialur-kultu-ruli da saganmanaTleblo-samecniero sistemis daSla-ganadgureba. am ,,pativcemulma“gvamma sazogadoebrivi sawar-moo fondebi kriminaluri ,,pri-vatizaciis“ gziT korumpire-bul, komunistur nomenklat-urasa da privilegirebulerzac-inteligencias gadasca;aRaras vambobT mis mier kani-balur-teroristul-repre-siuli reJimis Seqmnaze, ramacaTasobiT adamianis sicocxleimsxverpla.

(gagrZeleba me-11 gverdze)

ilori 922-29 ivlisi 2014

cbolfcjebo!hbubojmj!6!njmjpoj!eb!hbzbmcfcvmj!eplvnfoufcj!`!rbsUwfmj!gsfol!bcjhofjmjt!hbtbpdbsj!bncbwj

qarTveli avanturistis solomonaSordias ambavi msoflioSi cnobilgamyalbebel frenk abigneilsgagaxsenebT, romelic sicocxleSive leg-endad iqca. misi istoria safuZvladdaedo stiven spilbergis films, saxel-wodebiT “damiWire, Tu SeZleb”, sadacmTavar rols holivudis varskvlavileonardo dikaprio asrulebs.

“solomon aSordia niWieri qarTveliTaRliTi gaxlavT, romelsac msofliosistoriuli mistifikatorebis nusxaSisapatio adgili ukavia. yalbi sabuTebisSedgenis sferoSi yvelaze gamoCenilimoRvawe iyo. XIX saukunis miwuruls,misi wyalobiT, quTaisis guberniis 2aTasamde mcxovrebma Tavadisa da az-nauris Rirsebebi miiRo... saqarTvelodangaqcevis Semdeg, solomonma Tavisi avan-tiuristuli saqmianoba imdroindelruseTis imperiis sxvadasxva qalaqSiganagrZo. yalbi sabanko sabuTebiT, TavisTanamzraxvelebTan erTad, ruseTis banke-bidan daaxloebiT xuTi milioni maneTigaitana. mis Sesaxeb saqarTvelosa daruseTSi araerTi legenda da miTi ar-sebobda. winaaRmdegobrivi pirovnebaiyo: erTi mxriv TaRliTi da avan-tiuristi da meore mxriv ki _ qvelmo-qmedi, yuradRebiani, pirnaTeli, romelicsxvisas arafers SeirCenda. solomonsfaTerakebiT aRsavse cxovreba d saqmi-anoba hqonda”, _ ambobs profesorimalxaz aSordia, romelic cnobili avan-tiuristis Zmis SviliSvilia. man wina-pars wigni _ “solomon aSordia _ zug-dideli qarTveli avantiuristisTavgadasavali” miuZRvna.

pirveli siyalbegakveTilze, Tanaklaselebis Tvalwin,

solomons sufTa furcelze sammaneTianidauxatavs. Semdeg ki bazarSi wasulada im “fuliT” cxvari uyidia, romelicSin miuyvania. mama didxans cdilobda,gaego, saidan hqonda fuli. solomoniatyuebda, rom sammaneTiani i pova.sabolood ki es ambavi policias gaugia,sadac daubarebiaT kidec mama-Svili.mamisgan xelwerili auRiaT, rom misiSvili _ solomoni msgavs saqcielsaRar gaimeorebda. maSin policias ioladgadaurCa, magram Sin mamisgan sakmaodmoxvda...

solomoni uniWieresi adamiani iyo.bavSvobidan kargad xatavda, mReroda.hqonda kargi kaligrafia. advilad ams-gavsebda sxvebis xelmowerebs. CinebuladSeuswavlia rusuli ena _ Seucdomladwerda da kiTxulobda. hqonda axlisaTvisebis saocari unari. kiTxvac hy-varebia. Turme saSinlad ganicdida imas,rom swavla-ganaTleba bolomde ar hqon-da miRebuli. amis mizezi ki is gaxldaT,rom mis ojaxs uWirda da skolisdamTavrebis Semdeg, mas materialuradver exmareboda. amitom iZulebuli gaxda,samsaxuri daewyo. muSaobda zugdidissamazro sammarTveloSi da paralelu-rad, momrigebel mosamarTlesTanac mw-erlad msaxurobda...

pirveli dapatimrebapirveli seriozuli danaSauli, rom-

lis gamoc solomoni gaasamarTles, 1893wlis oqtomberSi Caidina. am wels, 18wlis solomoni quTaisidan zugdidSidabrunda, sadac momrigebel maWavarianis

TxovniT, garkveuli droiT, masTansamuSaod darCa. saqmis arsi mdgomare-obda SemdegSi: zugdidis soflis sazo-gadoebis 18 komli glexi, 1863 wlis aR-weriT, Cawerili iyo sofel zugdidSi,xolo 1886 wels Sedgenili saojaxosiebiT _ daba zugdidis mcxovreblebad.amis gamo isini, rogorc soflisa darogorc dabis mcxovrebni ormag gadasax-ads ixdidnen. ormagi gadasaxadisgangaTavisuflebis mizniT, aRniSnulmaglexebma 1893 wels Tbilisis saxazinopalatas TxovniT mimarTes, raTa isinidaba zugdidis mcxovreblebad CaericxaT.palatam maTi Txovna ar daakmayofila,radganac amisaTvis saWiro iyo soflissazogadoebis yrilobis dadgenilebamaTi am sazogadoebidan daTxovnisSesaxeb. zugdidis mazris policiis sam-marTvelos moxele, solomonisTanaklaseli, vinme platon qardava amglexebis mezobeli iyo, romelTa SorisavtoritetiT sargeblobda. mangaavrcela azri, TiTqos icoda mTavrobisaxali dadgenileba, rom msgavsi Car-icxvisaTvis ar iyo saWiro soflis mcx-ovreb glexTa yrilobis gadawyvetileba.qardavam maT garkveuli safasuris (15maneTi) sanacvlod, daxmareba aRuTqva.glexebs eWvi ar SeutaniaT mis sityvebSi,ise daTanxmdnen. platonma am saqmeSidaxmareba solomons sTxova. 1893 wlis31 oqtombers sanikiZis duqanSi maTSeadgines soflis yrilobis ori yalbidadgenileba, zugdidis sasoflo sazo-gadoebis 321 glexis yalbi xelmoweriT.teqstebze xeli sxvadasxva pirma moawera...solomonma danaSauli ar aRiara...

is adgenda yvela saxis yalb sabuTs,rac misTvis didi Semosvlis wyaroiyo... aznaurebis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT,solomonis dakiTxvas awarmoebda quTai-sis saolqo sasamarTlos gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovan saqmeTa gamomZiebeliklevenski. misi gankargulebiT, solomo-nis matarebelSi dapatimrebis meoredResve, 1900 wlis 22 ianvars, solomonicixeSi gadaiyvanes, sadac igi winaswarigamoZiebis damTavrebamde unda mjdariyo.solomons verc ki warmoedgina, romnacnob-megobrebis Tvalwin quTaisi fex-iT unda gaevlo. mTeli qalaqi icnobdada yvela gaigebda misi dapatimrebis am-bavs. am sakiTxze policmaisterlisovskisTan kamaTis Semdeg, solomonsdauqiravebia ori etli da yvela poli-cielTan erTad, quTaisis cixeSi gamgza-vrebula. 1900 wlis 26 aprils solomonswauyenes braldeba _ Tavadaznaurobisyalbi sabuTebis Sedgenis gamo da pa-timroba Seufardes. is rogorc saSiSidamnaSave, erTadgilian, nestian sakanSimoaTavses, sadac gansakuTrebulad frTx-ili meTvalyureobis qveS imyofeboda.aukrZales gaseirneba, naTesavebTan Sexve-dra da wignebis kiTxva (misTvis dasjisumaRlesi forma is iyo, rom kiTxvissaSualebas ar aZlevdnen). araerTxelsxvadasxva instanciis saxelze SeitanaTxovna-saCivari. is inteleqtualurimonacemebis gamoyenebiT, yvelanairadcdilobda, cixidan Tavis daRwevas daTavisuflebis mopovebas. saCivrebisweris procesi, SeiZleba iTqvas, misTvisTavisuflebisTvis brZolis sulierigamovlineba iyo. TavisuflebisTvis br-Zolis aseTi SemarTeba damaxasiaTebeliiyo misTvis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.igi sakuTari Tavgadasavlebis SesaxebCanawerebs akeTebda. Canawerebis didinawili daikarga... mokled, quTaisis cix-idan TavdebiT gaTavisuflebis Semdegsolomoni zugdidSi, mSoblebis saxlSiiyo. magram, male, quTaisis saolqosasamarTlom aznaurebis saqmis gamo,misi kvlav dakavebis Sesaxeb gankar-guleba gamosca. man icoda, rom am saqmisgamoZieba ramdenime weliwads gastanda,amitomac, meored dapatimrebis SiSiT,1902 wlis 9 ivliss, baTumSi sakuTaridaxrCobis ambavi gaiTamaSa.

zRvaSi “daxrCobis” inscenirebasolomoni garkveul pirebs moeTaT-

bira, maT Soris aslan-beg abaSiZes,romelmac specialurad SearCia kaci,romelmac solomonis tanisamosi Caicva.man, xalxis dasanaxad, napirze, gaixadatansacmeli da zRvaSi Sevida. Semdeg

isargebla sibneliT da wylidan sxvamxares SeumCnevlad amovida. savaraudod,aslan-beg abaSiZis winaswari davalebiT,berZenma marulidim policias yuradRebamiapyrobina im faqtze, rom zRvaSimobanave erTi adamiani aRar Canda. maszRvaSi solomonis daxrCobis fonis Se-qmna undoda. Tavad solomoni ki imdros baTumidan faetoniT gaemgzavrada Turqi axmedis daxmarebiT, TurqeTSinaviT gadavida... Tumca es ambavi saidum-lod mainc ver darCa... male gamoCndaimdroindeli sagazeTo statiebi. “Cer-nomorski vestniki”, kiTxvis niSnis qveSayenebda solomonis zRavaSi daxrCobisambavs... baTumis incidentis Semdeg, aSor-diam datova saqarTvelo da garkveuliperiodi TurqeTSi cxovrobda;

yalbi pasportebiT ucxoqalaqebSi

gamogonili gvarebiT (daaxloebiT15-20 gvarze mainc hqonda misive xeliTdamzadebuli yalbi pasporti _ ananievi,zedginiZe, zaxarovi, Tavzarovi...) is sx-vadasxva qalaqSi (saratovSi, yazanSi,orenburgSi, kievSi) cxovrobda. aSxabadSivinme poruCik ananievis gvariT iyo cno-bili. aSxabadidan baqoSi wasula, romiqidan iranSi gamgzavrebuliyo, sadacmravlad yofilan qarTvelebi, romlebicpirveli “amerikuli tipis” kapitalistakaki xoStariasTan muSaobdnen... misiSua aziidan wamosvlis mizezi is iyo,rom im qarTvelebidan mas bevri icnobda.zogma aznaurobis saqmeSi misi monaw-ileobis Sesaxebac ki icoda. amitomSiSobda, rom isini policiaSidaabezRebdnen. amitom iqauroba datova.

gaqceva baqos cixidan1905 wlis 27 marts, baqos navsadgurSi,

safosto gem “kniaz bariatinsk”-issparseTSi gamgzavrebis win, nabadsa daCoxa-axaluxSi gamowyobili solomonisalarosTan mivida da bileTis urigodaRebas Seecada. wesrigisken mouwodes.solomonma es iukadrisa da iq mdgomebsauwya, rom gadacmuli oficeri iyo dabileTis aReba urigod ekuTvnoda. amismomswre ubnis zedamxedvelma sabuTimosTxova. solomonma Jandarmeriis rot-mister vinme zedginiZis saxelze Sedge-nili uvado sabuTebi warudgina.zedamxedvelma bodiSi mouxada da wavi-da. gemis gasvlis Semdeg, zedamxedvelTanSturmani _ spirovski misula da ukiTx-avs _ icoda Tu ara, vin iyo is qarTveli.zedamxedvels upasuxia, rom igi Jan-darmeriis rotmisteriao. Sturmans si-ciliT uTqvams, rom is rotmisteri kiara, cnobili yalbismqneli aSordia iyo,romelzedac Zebna iyo gamocxadebuli.amis Semdeg lenqoranis mazris policiisufrosisTvis depeSa gaugzavniaT. iqaurpolicias solomoni gemidan Camousvamsda daukavebia. dakavebisas solomonsporuCik aleqsi ananievis saxelze yalbipasporti warmoudgenia, magram maincdaupatimrebiaT da baqos cixeSigadaugzavniaT... dakiTxvisas, kantoraSi,solomonis yuradReba miipyro cixiszedamxedvelisadmi policmaisteris erT-ma miwerilobam. misi danaxvisTanave,TavSi cixidan gaqcevis azrma gauelva_ daJinebiT daacqerda blanks, Tanamde-bobis pirTa xelmowerebs da gaqcevisgegmac gaiazra. moZebna qaRaldi, melanida konverti. man 1905 wlis 6 aprilspolicmaisteris TanaSemwe greCkovissaxeliT poruCik ananievis gaTavisu-flebaze yalbi miweriloba da dadge-nileba Seadgina, romelic SecdomiT,TiTqos, aSordiasTan msgavsebis gamodaapatimres, da rom aSordias mimarTsamarTlebrivi devna Sewyvetili iyo.solomons rogorRac mouxerxebia, romwerili cixis zedamxedvelis kantoraSidaetovebina... Zalian male am werilissafuZvelze is cixidan gaaTavisufles.

gazeTi “iveria”, 1905 weli, 14 aprili,xuTSabaTi, N53.

“axali ambavi”amas winaT vwerdiT, rom baqoSi daa-

tusaRes yvelasagan cnobili solomonaSordia. exla, rogorc “bakinskie izves-tia” gadmogvcems, aSordia cixidangaqceula. daWeris dros aSordias up-

ovnes sazRargareTis pasporti aleqsiananiaSvilis saxelze. cixis ufrosiambobs: 6 aprils, saRamos 6 saaTze,kancelariaSi Sevedi da magidaze vnaxeCems saxelze mosuli dabeWdili sapo-licio qaRaldi, romelzec ewera: “saC-qarod”. qaRaldi gavxseni da wavikiTxebrZaneba policmeisteris TanaSemwis ba-ton greckinisa, romliTac me dauy-ovnebliv unda gamenTavisuflebinatusaRi aleqsi ananiaSvili. mec,rasakvirvelia, maSinve gavanTavisufle.vin miitana cixeSi es qaRaldi, _ jeracar ician. aSordias policia bejiTadeZebs.

Tanamedroveebis mogonebebierTxel solomoni megobrebTan erTad

restoranSi sadilobda. iqve magidazefulis kupiura 100 maneTi daxata.sadilobis Semdeg restornidangasvlisas, dauZaxa oficiants da aniSna,rom fuli magidaze datova. oficiantiswarafad gaeSura magidisken, 100 maneTidainaxa da gaxarebulma misi aRebadaapira, magram es ver SeZlo. fulisniSani imdenad ostaturad iyo daxatulimagidaze, rom axlo manZilidanac kimisi garCeva SeuZlebeli iyo.

erTxel TbilisSi yofnisas, solomon-ma gaigo, rom mdidar somex vaWarsqalqSi kargi baRis yidva surda. rode-sac vaWari baRSi seirnobda, mis gasago-nad darajs dauZaxa, Seaqo igi dagulisxmieri samsaxurisTvis 10 maneTiaCuqa. es rom vaWarma dainaxa da gaigo,solomonis pirovnebiT dainteresda dabaRSi moseirne xalxisgan masze infor-maciis Segroveba daiwyo (isini Ziri-Tadad solomonis Tanamzraxvelebi iyv-nen). maTgan Seityo vaWarma, rom es baRisolomonis “sakuTreba” iyo. vaWarmasolomons baRis miyidva sTxova, razedacaSordia daTanxmda da garigebac Sedga_ qalaqis mmarTvelobis gayalbebulisabuTebis Tanaxmad, aleqsandes baRinamdvilad solomon aSordias ekuTvno-da. man baRi vaWars ramdenime aTas mane-Tad “mihyida” da gauCinarda. SeZeniliTgaxarebulma vaWarma rodesac baRisrekonstruqcia daapira, qalqis xelisu-flebam amis saSualeba ar misca. risgamoc igi didxans dadioda sxvadasxvainstanciaSi, sanam ar darwmunda, romigi klasikurad gaabriyves.

vadivostokSi cxovrebis dros, 1907wlis zafxulSi, restoranSi solomonmasafrangeTis elCis qaliSvili gaicno,romelic iq mamasTan ardadegebze iyoCasuli. maTi nacnoboba intimur urTier-TobaSi gadaizarda. gogonam solomonsparizSi gamgzavreba im motiviT Ses-Tavaza, rom igi iq ukeTesad icxovrebda,vidre ruseTSi cxovrobda. solomonmauari uTxra da es imiT axsna, rom masmxolod ruseTSi SeeZlo kargad cx-ovreba, radganac miaCnda, rom iq adviliiyo mefis suleli Cinovnikebis gabriyve-ba. qaliSvilisa da solomonis urTier-obiT ukmayofilo safrangeTis elCmamefis mTavrobaSi iCivla, magram es saqmemifuCeCda da solomoni gadarCa.

aSordiasa da “aSordias aznaurebis”Temam asaxva qarTul mxatvrul prozaSicpova, kerZod, mixeil javaxiSvilis (“kvaWikvaWantiraZe”), Salva dadianis nawar-moebebSi.

rogorc batoni malxazi brZanebs,solomonisa da kvaWis saqmianoba Zalianhgavs erTmaneTs. ubralod, mixeil javax-iSvilma am yvelafers mxatvruli saxemisca... solomoni Zarcvavda sawyobebs,bankebs, saqoneli maRaziebidan yalbiCekebiT gamohqonda. mosaklavad dasde-vdnen da ver iWerdnen. samoqalaqo omirom daiwyo, moskovSi didZali fuli imbinaSi datova, sadac cxovrobda. oqrosmonetebi pianinos fexebsa da xaliCebSihqonda Senaxuli. Semdeg mis Camosatanadgaemgzavra, magram rostovSi rom Cavida(baTumidan motoriani naviT gavida), imisgamo rom moskovSi denikini iyo, iq aRarSeuSves... amitom ukan dabrunda, gzaSigacivda da rom Camovida, male 45 wlisagardaicvala. Tumca manamde gegmaSihqonda, rom safrangeTSi wasuliyo...

solomons hyavda meuRle da erTiqaliSvili, romelsac Tavad ver moeswro.

lali facia

sakvirao sakiTxavi

ilori10 22-29 ivlisi 2014

polemika friad aqtualur sakiTxebzeaxla iseT sityvas SevexoT, romlis

warmomavlobis dadgena metadregaZnelebulia. es sityva gaxlavT seiri“Tavis Sesaqcevi, gasarTobi ram –sanaxaoba” (q.e.g.l.). esec arabul nas-esxobadaa miCneuli. keTili da pa-tiosani, magram mas gaaCnia sinonimi –Tvalis seiri, romelic am nasesxobaseWvqveS ayenebs:

sxvaTa Soris, jamaaTi\\jumaTi arab.,,sazogadoeba,, amierkavkasiaSi ,,soflisyriloba,, daRestanSi «Tavisufalisazogadoeba», samegreloSi ,,xalxi,sazogadoeba,, qarTv. elementia arabul-Si, radgan megr.\\laz. jima\\juma = Zmas,jimaloba = ,,Zmoba,, xolo jimaTi\\ju-maTi = saZmo adgils anu im adgilssadac saz. yrilobebi tardeboda

istorikosi – megrulSi arisseiri-s Sesatyvisad Toiseri “gansacv-ifrebeli ram, saswauli”. ueWvelia, amukanasknelis winaformaa qarTuliTvalis seiri-s uzustesi megr.Sesatyvisi – ToliSseri, raczedmiw-evniTudris «TvalisRames».

fsiqologi – ra SuaSia Tvaliigive Toli am sityvebSi?

avtori – saqme imaSia, rogorc ze-moT iTqva, megr. seri “Rame”-dan amomd-inare qarT. seri igive seroba niSnavs“saRamos vaxSams” da saerTod “nadims,lxins”. es RonisZiebani ki CvenSisaRamodan mTeli Rame grZeldeba. maTiTaviseburebani qarTvelur yofiT wiaR-Si sruliad iTavsebs im mniSvnelobebs,rac termin seirs axasiaTebs:qarTvelur nadimTa Tu lxinTa roliganmacvifrebeli polifoniuri simR-erebisa da cecxlovani cekvebis Seqm-naSi, mWermetyvelebis, xalxuri poeziisganviTarebaSi Seufasebelia:qarTveluri sufra gaxda daxvewili,uaRresad SemoqmedebiTi, Teatralize-buli sanaxaoba. amitomac gagvaCniasentenciebi: Tvals wyali davalevinoT,megr. Toli, Suns, ToliWkunc. “Tvali-Wams, Tvali svams”.

filosofosi _ ucxadesia:qarTveluri sufra – seroba CveniwinaprebisTvis Rreoba – kuWis seiriki ara, Tvalis seiri> (Tvalis seri)igive ToliS seri, anu zedmiwevniTTvalis sazrdo – sulieri sazrdogaxldaT.

istorikosi – rac Seexeba Sromas-Tan kavSirSi arsebul terminebs,qarTveluri mdidaria – iseTebiT, rom-lebic pirdapir RaRadyofen SromissaTaveebTan kolxebis yofnas. Tavadtermini Sroma gaxlavT fizikuri daZ-abvisas (Sromisas) adamianis gaxSire-buli sunTqvis gamoxatuleba: megr.Sur-i udris suls, Sur-obaki gaxSire-buli sunTqvaa, megrulad. xolo Sur-oba > Sr-oma cvlilebebi kanonzomieri-ada str. analizs ar moiTxovs.

antropologi – gvarovnuliwyobilebis rRvevidan daiwyo qarTv.nacvelsaxelebis warmoqmna da damTavr-da patriarqaluri ojaxis Seqmnis pe-riodSi. .imdroindelni gaxlavan t-ebi: muSa, muSa-oba, Sen-ona.es ukanaskneli(Senoba) dRes nagebobaa, magram Zveladis pirveli pirisTvis — Sen-Tvis saqmi-anobas aRniSnavda.

megr. muSo udris Sen-Tvis, amitommegrulive muSo-oba rac igive Sen-Tvis anu pirveli pirisTvis saqmianobaaparalelia qarT. Senobisa. Aanu qarT.Sen-oba da megr. muSo-oba imgvariurTierT damowmebebi arian, rom – muSa,muSaoba da Sen-oba-s patriarqalurimonogamiuri ojaxis droindel termi-nad miCnevis Taobazedaskvnas, damt-kicebul WeSmaritebad aqceven.

avtori – mogvyavs Sromis procesisamsaxveli uZvelesi faqtobrivi masala:“....lesvis procesis specifiur s...s...da S...S... xmianobaTagamomxatvel s daS sametyvelo bgeraTa afiqsaciebiT,xSirad ormagi sufisaqciebiTac, war-moiqmnen Semdegi sityvebi: s2+ua> sua;le + sua> le-sua> //lesva; s+r>sir;la+sir+ua>lasirua,,lesva”; qarT.Mmegr. Aa-le-s-ili//la-sir-eli;megr.S2+l>liSi ,,nemsi” (nemsic lesvisSedegia).

a-le-sil//la-sir-el-is sir r>n

rotacia gvaZlevs megr. sin-a formas,romelic bevr aRmosavlur enebSi rk-inas niSnavs. dRevandeli megruliTsina//rsina ,,mavTulia”, ueWvelia, war-sulSi mniSvnelobiT dRevandeli qarT.(sina >msina>namsi) nemsi iqneboda, radganmavTulis damzadebis teqnologiag-vianedelia. aqedanvea (sina>) megr misina,,Wiis parkisgan damzadebuli Zafi”.

raki aRm. enebSi sina rkinaa, amgvarigadasvlebi momxdara: s...s... ,,lesva”;s+re>sir//sina,,nemsi”> sina ,,aRm. enebSi,,rkina» >megr. ,,mavTuli”.

antropologi – rogorc vxedavT,aRniSnuli sityvebi, uZveles warsulSi,lesviT xis, qvis, Zvlis, rqis iaraRebis(isrispirebis, danebis, nemsebis, isrebisda a.S.) damzadebidan Rebulobdnen da-sawyiss. Aamitom maTi, im dasaxelebulixmb. bgerebis saxiT arsebobis Zv. pa-leoliTis epoqebisTvis mikuTvnebakanonieria.

avtori – iqidanvea sawyisi mTeliwyeba sityvebisa da maTi fonetikur-semantikuri ganStoebebisa:

qarT. i-sar-i(<li-sar-i); megr. sa(ga)n-i “isari” (sar>san);

laT.Aassera ,,sari, palo”; qarT. sol-i//megr. sal-i; qarT. Mme-ser-i//megr. ma-sar-i;

qarT. sal-i; megr. la-sar-i “sali”;Sdr. megr. la-sar-ua zedmiw. «damesrva»,«mesrebis damzadeba.» unda vifiqroT,mn-ba sali miRebulia Zv. paleoliTSiwawvetebuli qvebis damzadebis pro-cesSi.

qarT. Llur-s-m-an-// megr. li-s-m-ar-i....” (ix. g. T.gv.)

fsiqologi – perSici, mongaiti daaleqseevi anTropogenezSi rocalingvistur monacemebs ixilaven, aR-niSnaven, rom ,,..sityva streliat ,,sro-la” amosulia sityvidan strela ,,is-ari» da wamomavlobis kvals im epo-qamde mivyavarT, roca Svildidan ,,isarsisrodnen’’ .... (,,pirveli sazogadoebisistoria” gv. 26).

fiziologi – kvalis Taobaze swo-ria, magram aq araferia Tqmuli amsityvebisarqaul ZirTa warmoqmnismeqanizmze: ,,nebismier ganaTlebuladamians TvalSi moxvdeba”, romdasabamismieri s+re> laT. asser// rus.strela// qarT. i-sar-i; rus. streliat//qarT. srola monaTesaveni da msgavsniki ara, SeiZleba iTqvas indenturnicki arian. oRond, amosavlianobis av-toriseuli meqanizmi mxolodqarTvelurSia. A

enaTmecnieri — jer ars gavCumde,magram ar ZalmiZs: Tqveni saocariwarmosaxva... Tqvni saucxoo niWiereba...magram ufro sakvirvelia is — nuTunamcecsac ar datovebT sxvaTaTvis?...

avtori — b-no enaTmecniero, racCven CamogviTvaleT gana Seedreba Tqven-sas, magram vai, rom sibrZne Tqveni Seu-vali yru kedelia. rac Seexeba Cvenswin mdgar sakiTxs da naSromis monace-mebis Sefasebebebs, Tqveni mxridan, araTu obieqturi miukerZoebeli da argu-mentirebulia, aramed, piriqiT: Tqvensmier AmaTi ignorireba batono enaT-mecniero, ara marto ,,mZvinvare” ni-hilizmi, aramed sakuTari uuZvelesieTnogenezuri kvalis miCqmalvacaa,araferi rom ar vTqvaT sxva enebSiqarTvelur elementTa povnierebis ig-norirebaze.

amgvarad, ,,akademiuri safuZveli” ararsebobs ki ara, arsebobs maTi Tqven-mieri nihilisturi ignorireba.

istorikosi – aqamde arsebuli damaT Soris avtoriseuli «...lingvisturidaskvnebi indoevropuli xalxebis saer-To warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, saerTogarkveuli xarisxiT fizikuri warmo-mavlobiT da ufro metad maTi civi-lizaciiT damajerebelia..» (ix. zemoT)xolo ...civilizacia mcenarea, romelicufro gavrcelebadia vinem Tavad vi-Tardeba... e. b. tailori «p. k.» gv. 53.”agreTve: «...grebneris mixedviT, kul-turis TiToeuli movlena mxoloderTxel warmoiqmneba, erT adgilze.erT da imave movlenis arseboba sx-vadasxva xalxSi axsnilia misiTavdapirveli centridan

gavrcelebiT...”(ix. q.s.e. 6 gv. 69). amitom,didi avtoriseuli siaxle mdgomareobsimaSi, rom mis lingvistur Tu sxvamonacemTa safuZvelze, igive SeiZlebaiTqvas iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa mflo-bel xalxebze da agreTve amukanasknelTa da indoevropelTa saer-To, rogorc enobriv aseve kulturulwarmomavlobaze.

enaTmecnieri _ batonebo, rogorcvxedavT, avtorma aqve daasaxela Sromisprocesidan Sobili xmabaZviTi sityvebi.zemoT ki sapirispiros amtkicebdiT:Sromis procesidan, rogorc qmedebidan,mxolod Jest-mimikis enad aba ra bger-iTi warmoiqmnebodao, brZanebdiT. Amearafers uarvyof, magram aq aSkarawinaaRmdegobaa...

fsiqologi – mxedvelobaSi gvqondaakustikur faqts moklebuli qmedebebida iseTni, romelnic mudmivad erTidai-give xmianobiT ki ara, cvalebadiT mim-dinareoben: qmedebaa mzisagan xeliTmoiCrdilo, an Tavi atrialo, magram amSemTxvevaSi Jest-miikis niSani war-moiqmneba da ara bgeriTi. Aasecaa:mtaceblebi, nadirobisas, sxvadasxvaorganoebis (Tavis, yurebis, kidurebis,kudis, Tvalebis, saxis nakvTebis)moZraobebs sasignalod iyeneben. esgaxlavT Jest-mimikis cxoveluri ena.

h-is pirvelyofili jogi, aseulaTaswleulebis manZilze, nadirobasda Semgrovleblobas misdevda, magrambgeriTi signali ar wamoqmnila, vinaidanam process, zemoTxsenebul, SromisprocesTagan (lesva da a. S.) gansx-avebiT, specifiuri xmianoba ar gaaCnia.

fiziologi – imisaTvis rom gavig-oT, Tu ratom nebismieri praqtikuliqmedebidan dasabamismieri metyvelebaver warmoiqmneba (Tu ara arsebulisganviTareba) saWiroa, ufro Rrmad wv-doma sakiTxis Sinaarsisa: b-no enaT-mecniero, gTxovT, mipasuxoT: Tqven,enaTmecniers SegiZliaT ki uaqcentod-warmoTqvaT zogierTi rus.fonema?..saerTod SeZlebT ki, qarTvelurisagangansxvavebul, zogierTi afxazuri fone-mis warmoTqmas?.., ratom ver SeZlebT?gadaikiTxeT avtoris damatebis....gverdebi.

amis Semdeg nebismieri mixvdeba, romTu Tanamedrove adamians, ganviTarebuliazrovneba-metyvelebis centrebiT, uWirsucxo fonemaTa warmoTqma, amas, sawyisperiodSi, veranairad SeZlebda igivecentrebis ar mqone Tu ganuviTarebelicentrebisa da enis patroni h. amisaTvismas Cveuli fizologiuri moZraobebiTenisa (w da y bgeraTa bunebrivi war-moTqmebiT) unda ganuviTardes Tavistvini da ena.

filosofosi – h-is usityvo sagno-brivi azrovnebidan, rac sagan-movlenaTaaRqma-cnobasa da TvalsaCino warmod-genaSi, xolo movlenis Tanmxlebibgeris xatis mier pirobiT refleqsTaaRZvrasa da amave xatis mier sagan-movlenasTan gaigivebaSi gamoixateboda,miviReT logikuri realobis aRniSvna.anu xatma Seasrula sityvis roli,rac verbaluri inteleqtis gamovlenaa.Afsiqologi _ Tumca dasawyisSi,sapirispirod azrovnebis amgvariiSviaTi gamoSuqebisa, h. jer operirebs(ZiriTadSi) ara zogadi cnebebiT, aramedsagan-movlenaTa TvalsaCino warmod-genebiT – xatebiT.

avtori – sabolood, Cvens mierwarmoTqmul mosazrebebs Tu dava-jamebdT – aseTia, ZiriTadSi, h-isazrovnebis is safexuri – “xatovaniazrovneba”, romelic win uswrebdalogikuri, cnebiTi azrovnebis Camoy-alibebas. igi sruliad, ra Tqma unda,ara, magram garkveulwili adekvaturo-biT esadageba valonis fsiqologiuriskolis koncefcias imis Taobaze, rominteleqti yalibdeba moqmedebidanazrze gadasvlis procesSi.(ix. gv 60).

anTropologi —aqve unda vaxsenoTmongaitis, perSicis, aleqseevis da sx-vaTa debuleba Sromis (e.i. qmedebis)procesSi “cxovrebiseuli” Tu “emoci-uri” warmomavlobis bgerebidanazrovneba-metyvelebis warmoqmnisTaobaze.

fsiqologi – ra Tqma unda,naklulovania adekvaturoba, rogorczemoTxsenebul, aseve mosazrebasTan,rom: „...adamianur-verbalur azrovnebaswin uswrebs metyvelebamdeli gonieripraqtikuli moqmedebis Camoyalibeba.saxeldobr, anTropoidebis unarifizikur saganTa (aRqmulis da arawarmodgenilis) Soris miznisa dasaSualebis damokidebulebis damyare-bisa praqtikuli moqmedebis saxiT, sa-Tanado gamocdilebis gareSe, rogori-caa joxis gamoyeneba xelisaTvis mi-uwvdomel saWmlis mosazidad; yuTisgamoyenebaAmasze asasvlelad, maRladakidebuli saWmlis misawvdomad daa. S.’’... (z.fs .r.naTaZe gv.454).

filosofi _ m. e.Eam aRweril xato-van azrovnebasa da h-is xatovanazrovnebas Soris mTavari msgavsebaganpirobebulia maT safuZvlad sa-Tanado qmedebebis arsebobiT.

fsiqologi – diax, kerZod:pirvelTaSi praqtikuli moqmedebiT,meoreSi – fizaqtSi enis moZraobiT,romlis upiratesoba, bgeriTimetyvelebis Casaxvis TvalsazrisiT,ucxadesia; garda amisa, pirvelSemTxvevaSi, araa axsnili meqanizmi Turogor iqca praqtikuli moqmedebabgeriT sametyvelo pirobiT refleqsad,anu Tu rogor mogvca, am SemTxvevaSi,qmedebam naturaluri Tu pirobiTi sim-bolo, maSin roca bgeriTi xmianobismqone fizaqtSi, enis moZraobidan amom-dinare, avtorTan igi gamowvlilviTaaSeswavlili Tu dasabuTebuli.

anTropologi – adamianuri qmedeba,cxovelurisagan gansxvavebiT, ara martowinaswar orientirebuli, winaswarmo-tivirebulicaa.qmedebis yoveli ele-menti tvinSi winaswaraa gakeTebuli.

fsiqologi _ specifiuri xmianobisgareSe mimdinare (did droSi) cx-oveluri qmedebidan, rogorc nervul-muskularuli moZraobidan, SesaZlebe-lia miviRoT upirobo refleqsiSesabamisi saxisa, aseve Sesabamisifsiqologiuri ganviTareba dametyveleba rom migveRo, Teoriulad,esec dasaSvebia, oRond Sedegi Jest-mimikis da ara bgeriTi ena unda yofil-iyo.

fiziologi – sul sxva mdgomare-obaa aRwerili fizaqtebis SemTxvevaSi:wovisas enis moZraoba, rogorc qmedebada metyveleba xom erTidaigive organos– enis xmiani moZraobebia. m. e. zemo-TaRniSnuli martivi fsiqoaqtebis war-moqmna, rogorc Sedegi am moZraobebisada ukve sametyvelo w da y bgeraTaganmetyvelebis, zemoTqmulisamebr, Casax-va-ganviTareba sruliad sarwmunoa.

avtori –es gaxlavT absoluturaduTavdapirvelesi(a. u.) pirvelqmnadoba,roca w da y bgeraTagan moxdagarkveul SinaarsTan dakavSireba daazrda maTze am Sinaarsisa. es pirvelqm-nadoba a.u. imitomaa, rom, paulissityvebiT Tu vityviT: igi ganxor-cielda, aramcTu ukve “adre garkveulSinaarsTan dakavSirebuli bgeraTkom-pleqsis (Tu bgeris e. i.) SuamavlobisgareSe”, aramed yovelgvar sametyveloresursTa sruli ararsebobis pirobeb-Si.

fsiqologi – pirvelqmnadoba amg-vari principiT, Semdegac gagrZeldeba,roca “bgeriTi mxarisa da mniSvnelobisdakavSireba raime ukve saxeldebuliSinaarsis monawileobis gareSe moxdeba,magram igi ar iqneba a.u. pirvelqmnadoba,rameTu dafuZnebul iqneba I da II pe-riodebSi w da y-bgeraTagan Tavis tvi-nis da enis ganviTarebaze.G

avtori – amgvari (imitaciuri)leqsikuri maragis mompovebelia IIIperiodi, roca iwyeba gradacia: bgeraabsoluturidan (absoluturi gamomx-atveli, absoluturad adekvaturi anuabsoluturi bunebrivi simbolodan)xdeba sul ufro naklebad bunebrivisimbolo da es grZeldeba dRemde,roca “fuZe” qarTveluri enebisgangansxvavebiT, sxva “nawarmoeb enebSi”sityvas TiTqmis sruliad aqvs dakar-guli naturaluri simbolizacia.

(gagrZeleba iqneba)

ilori 1122-29 ivlisi 2014

Tavisufali saqarTvelos mecixovneni(gagrZeleba me-8 gverdidan)

man, rogorc Sinagan saqmeTa min-istrma, saqarTvelos penitencialursistemaSi daamkvidra wamebis arnaxuli,Sua-saukunoebrivi inkviziciis meTodebida SemoiRo mamakacTaTvis pativis ayra,romelic misma mowafem, politikurmamemkvidrem, m. saakaSvilma saxelmwifostruqturebis meSveobiT legalizaciamoaxdina.

1937 wlis, sisxliani represiebisdros, im avadsaxsenebel bolSevikebsada Sinsaxkomis jalaTebsac ki arukadrebiaT mamakacebisaTvis pativisayra, man ki es ,,pirnaTlad“ ganaxor-ciela, rasac dResac, misi mimdevarie.w. xelisufalni warbSeuxrelad anx-orcieleben.

aseve miutevebelia misi erT-erTimomakvdinebeli codva, da es saqarTve-los samociqulo eklesiis yvela ier-arqma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom eduardSevardnaZem mTeli saqarTvelos Tval-win kraviviT Seswira eSmas marTalimRvdeli – Tevdore CixlaZe. (x. e.w.TiTmfrinavis saqme), aseve, ukve,,gademokratebulma“ ed. SevardnaZemmama romanoz Ciqobava, 1992 wels awame-bina Tavis xelqveiT mxedrionelebs,romlis sapatio wevric, SemdgomSi gax-da aSS-s saxelmwifo mdivani – jeimsbeikeri da yovelgvari braldebisgareSe, daapatimrebina.

ed. SevardnaZe arasodes ar yofilasaqarTvelos respublikis prezidenti,igi iyo putCisti, okupanti, uzurpatorimmarTveli Cveni qveynisa. rogorc sadis-tur-mamaTmavluri reJimis Semqmnelmam. saakaSvilma ganacxada, rom miswinaaaRmdeg, mas ar aRuZravs samarTle-brivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. misiTqmiT, igi Turme prezidentis saxelsgaufrTxilda da ar moaxdina misidiskreditacia. Cven ki aqve davsZenT,rom sworedac man moaxdina prezidentisinstitutis faqtobrivi gauqmeba, Se-vardnaZem sisxlSi CaaxSo legitimuriprezidentis instituti da prezidentzviad gamsaxurdias, es vandali fiziku-radac gausworda da am danaSaulsigi verasodes Camoirecxavda da axlacver Camoirecxavs. 1993 wlis dekemberSie.w. parlamentis sesiaze warmoTqmulimisi sityvebiT: “vidre zviad gamsax-urdia dadis cocxali am qveyanaze,manamde saqarTveloSi mSvidoba ariqneba”, amiT man saxalxod prezidentislikvidaciis brZaneba gasca.saakaSvilis cruobs, rameTu man 2008wlis agvistos e.w. ruseT-saqarTvelosomSi medvedevma saqarTvelos gar-dacvlili prezidenti zviad gamsax-urdia omis dawyebaSi daadanaSaula.

_ ed. SevardnaZes samarTlianadvdebT brals qarTveli eris mizanmi-marTul genocidSi da saerTod kaco-briobis winaSe Cadenil danaSaulSi.

Cveni saxelmwifos erovnuli tragediaais, rom amJamad ararsebul qarTulmarTlmsajulebas ed. SevardnaZe, misidanaSaulebis gamo, sasamarTlos winaSear warudgenia; dRes saqarTveloSimarTlmsajuleba faqtiurad ar arse-bobs, rac momaval Taobebs, udaoa, mZimetvirTad daawveba da saTuod gaxdebademokratiuli, samarTlebrivi da so-cial-ekonomikuri saxelmwifosformireba; Cans Savbneli Zalebismizanic es aris. ed.SevardnaZem damisma politikurma memkvidreebma CvensqveyanaSi demonokratia daamkvidres.

dadgeba dro da istoria kidevufro metad gamJRavndeba da naTelsmohfens misi da misi Tanamosaqmeebismier Cadenil borotmoqmedebebs!

saqarTvelos respublikis prezidentzviad gamsaxurdias kanonieri legit-imuri konstituciuri xelisuflebis– uzenaesi sabWos aRdgenis erovnulkomiteti kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegebaqveynis maoxrebelTa Sesvenebasa dagapatiosnebas saqarTvelos eklesiisZiriTad sakaTedro yovladwmida same-bis taZarSi. sjulis kanonisa da ek-lesiis samarTliT dauSvebelia RvTissaxlSi dasveneba im pirisa, romelmacmTeli Tavisi cxovreba eklesiiswinaaRmdeg brZolas Sealia. RmerTissityva gvimowmebs, rom ,,mTeli msoflioborotsa zeda dgas“, amitom iseTiadamianebi, romlebic iZlevian boro-tisagan, misi tyveebi da monebi gaxdebianda rogorc borotebis moSurneebi war-mosdgebian zneobrivi uwesrigobis moy-varulebad, WeSmaritebis mxdomebad, ka-cobriobis mtrebad. ai, aseTia ed. Se-vardnZis mokle biografia da misidasveneba yovlawmida samebis taZarSiyovlad dauSvebelia, xolo am qveynismaoxrebelTa makurTxevelni verasuSvelian mis borot suls da rogorcwmida mama efrem asuri RaRadebs: ,,araaqvs Sesvenebuls sargebloba, arc crem-lebSi, arc glova-mwuxarebaSi, arcgaregan RaRadebaSi, mas Tan mihyvebianmisi saqmeebi da qmedebebi axlavenTan“, da rogorc wmida weriligvaswavlis, ukuni wyvdiadi, kbilTamware RrWena, mouSorebeli borkilebi,dauZinari matli, Cauqrobeli cecxli,urva-wuxili, Seviwroeba da tanjva –ai, Seunanebeli codvilis (miTumetesRvTisa da erisa winaSe CadenilidamnaSvis) momavali maradiuli xvedri.

macxovarma brZana: ,,farTo ars gza,romelsac mihyavs warsawymedelad damravalni vlenan maszeda“ (maTe. 7T.13.) Cven vSiSobT, rom maoxrebelTamakurTxevelni, maTe maxerebelis amsityvebidan gamomdinare, ar gauyvnenam warsawymedelis gzas da gzaabneulicxovarni qristes mcnebebisaken mi-mavali gzis nacvlad, jojoxeTissanaxebSi ar gaistumron, rameTu maga-

liTi eklesiis msaxurTa sabedisweroar gamodges maTTvis.

aseve yvelas SegaxsenebT esaiawinaswarmetyvelis Segonebas: ,,odesganipryneT xelni Tqvenni Cemdamo, mi-vaqcine Tvalni Cemni Tqvengan da, ukeTuganamravloT vedrebai, ara SevisminoTqveni, rameT xelni Tqvenni sisxliTasavse arn”. ( 9esaia 1T. 15)

SevardnaZis sikvdiliT, saqarTveloSisabolood farda aexada ama qveynisZlierTa, qarTveli eris dauZinebelmterTa da eklesiaSi mokalaTebulfarisevelTa erTobas.

rodesac anCis epikoposi, qveynismoRalate cqiri sahak amiras mona-morCili gaxda, da saqarTvelosa daCveni didi mamis grigol xanZTelismteroba (mokvla) Caido gulSi: ,,maSinSekriba eri anCisai da hrqva maT:Svilno, dro meciT me da ZmaTa CemTavidre SuadRemde, raiTa wmidasa Sinaeklesiasa vyoT vedrebai winaSe qris-tesa da SeviwioT wmidai giorgi dayovelni wmindani.. da yos ufalmansaswaul keTil.“ – da borot saqmeTaCamdeni cqiri ,,ufalman risxviT mok-la“.

saqarTvelos eklesiis msaxurebs damrevls ioane RvTismetyvelis sityvebiTmouwodebT:

– ,,da movismine xma cidan, romelicambobda: gamodiT misgan, Cemo xalxo,rom ar eziaroT mis codvebs da ar mi-iRoT misi wylulebisagan.

vinaidan misma codvebma camde miaRwiada gaixsena RmerTma misi usamarT-lobani.

miuzReT mas, rogorc man mogizRoTda ormagad gadauxadeT misi saqmeebismixedviT; sasmisSi, romelSic moamzada,ormagad miuzReT mas.

ramdenadac gandiddeboda danebivrobda, imdenad miageT tanjva daglova. vinaidan Tavis gulSi ambobda:dedoflad vzivar, qvrivi ara var daglovas ar vnaxav.

amitom erT dRes mova misi wylulebida sikvdili, glova da SimSili, dadaiwveba cecxlSi, rameTu Zlieriaufali RmerTi, romelic gaasamarTlebsmas“. (ioanes gamocxadeba, 18 T. 4-8)

mogaxsenebT, rom Cven Segnebuladar vixmareT sityva gardacvaleba,vinaidan gardacvaleba qarTuli eniscnobierebiT da saxarebiseulad,gansakuTrebuli mcnebaa da vixmareTsityva sikvdili; vinc ar yofilaamqveyniur cxovrebaSi, WeSmariti Rmer-Tis msaxuri, is ver iqneba saiqioSiRmerTTan erTad.... anu maTi yofnisadgili iwodeba geeniad, ,,sadac matliar kvdeba da cecxli ar neldeba“(markozi, 9T. 9) sikvdili aris moSorebaRmerTisagan, caTa sasufevlisagan.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomd-inare, SevardnaZe, romelic arasodes

yofila prezidenti, aramed gaxldaTokupanti, Tavis saokupacio adminis-traciasTan erTad, Sesabamisadaranairad ar imsaxurebda dakrZalvasarc prezidentis pativiT da arc mismier ufskrulis piramde miyvaniliCveni samSoblos – saqarTvelos sax-elmwifo xarjebiT.

dabolos, davamTavrebT sulmnaTizviad gamsaxurdias sityvebiT: ,,Se-vardnaZeze didi mteri saqarTvelosar hyolia da arc eyoleba.“

,,Cven, Zmano, vdgavarT pirispir sa-tanasTan, gveleSepTan. an Cven davamar-cxebT mas wminda giorgis ZalisxmeviT,an is STanTqavs Cvens istoriul bed-iRbals da gagvTelavs Cven es kosmiurigveleSapi, es planetaruli mxeci – an-tiqriste, romelic warmogvidgeba dagveubneba: ai erovnuli moZraoba daerovnuli moZraobis niRbiT da sa-fariT modis antiqriste, modis barabada modis SeCveneba.

gaumarjos ilia marTalis gzas,merab kostavas gzas!“

kurTxeul iyos ilia marTalis gza!gaiRviZe, qarTvelo ero! gaiRviZe da

gahyevi gzas WeSmaritebisas, sikeTisas,RvTisas, amin!saqarTvelos respublikis prezidentzviad gamsaxurdias kanonieri legit-imuri konstituciuri xelisuflebis– uzenaesi sabWos aRdgenis erovnul

komitetis saxeliT:

giorgi kavkasieli (kervaliSvili),komitetis mTavari koordinatori,sruliad saqarTvelos adamianis

uflebaTa dacvis asociaciis

prezidenti;

beso (besarion) miqava,iberiul-kavkasiuri moZraobis

Tavmjdomare;

mRvdeli – mama ilarioni (janeliZe);

guram petriaSvili,saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi

sabWos deputati;

nana kaxiani,iberiul-kavkasiuri moZraobis

pres-mdivani;

manana jijeiSvili,eqimi:

zurab qobalia,Jurnalisti;

goCa xarebava,Jurnalisti;

nugzar kobaxiZe,adamianis uflebaTa damcveli;

giorgi TevzaZe,patimarTa uflebebis damcveli.

Tbilisi, 2014, 10 ivlisi, samSoblisaTvis Sewiruli wmida

kirion kaTalikosis xsenebis dRe

qarTul masmedias sando da kargad informirebulmawyarom acnoba, rom ramdenime dRis win “nacmoZraobasTan”daaxloebuli biznesmenebisa da am partiis liderTafaruli Sexvedra gaimarTa. am Sexvedris iniciatorebibiznesmenebi yofilan, es faruli Tavyriloba wyneTSi,erT-erTi biznesmenis agarakze Sedga da mas, daaxloebiT,oci msxvili biznesmeni eswreboda. maTi vinaobisdazusteba wyarom jerjerobiT ver moaxerxa. “nac-moZraobas” ki giga bokeria, givi TargamaZe da giabaramiZe warmoadgendneno, _ wers avtori levan Rvini-aSvili gazeT “aliaSi” gamoqveynebul statiaSi “ga-saidumloebuli Sexvedra wyneTSi”.

rogorc gamocema iuwyeba, maTi wyaro acxadebs, rombiznesmenebma mkafiod da kategoriulad daufiqsires“nacebis” liderebs, rom isini maTi partiis dafinansebasaRar apirebdnen.

amonaridi statiidan: “es xalxi wlebis manZilzeafinansebda “nacmoZraobis” saarCevno kampaniebs, sxvasaxis aqtivobebs, inaxavda “nacmoZraobis” kuTvnil me-diasaSualebebs, partiis konkretuli liderebisa damaTi ojaxebis wevrebis sazRvargareTul voiaJebs, ucx-oeTis prestiJul universitetebSi swavlis qirasuxdida partiis liderTa Svilebsa da axlo naTesavebs...biznesmenebs uTqvamT “nacionalebisTvis”, rom amieridanmaTgan erT TeTrsac veRar miiRebdnen. es biznesmenebisargeblobdnen privilegiebiT, igebdnen saxelmwifotenderebsa da auqcionebs, SeRavaTian da simbolurfasad yidulobdnen saxelmwifo qonebas. mokled, “mwvaneSuqi” hqondaT anTebuli. givi TargamaZes swored esSeuxsenebia maTTvis da daumunaTebia, _ jer kidev

valSi xarT CvenTano. biznesmenebs ukan ar dauxeviaTda rac zemoT CamovTvale, “nacionalebisTvis” gakeTe-buli aTi imdeni sanacvlo sikeTe kidev SeuxsenebiaT.uTqvamT, rom aTeulobiT milioni aqvT daxarjuli in-frastruqturul proeqtebze TbilisSic da regionebSic,specfondebSi... mokled, biznesmenebs uTqvamT, rom, Turame sikeTe miiRes “nacionalTa” xelSewyobiTa damfarvelobiT, yvelaferi gadaixades da axla, saakaSvilispartiis gareSe apireben saqmianobis gagrZelebas.

biznesmenebis erT nawils uSualod givi Targa-maZisTvis uTqvams, rom ofSorSi daregistrirebulikonkretuli qarTuli bizneskompaniebis angariSebze“nacliderebis” kuTvnili Tanxebi inaxeba da es fulidroulad gadaitaneT sxva angariSebze, Torem avdgebiTda Cven movixmarTo. SeiZleba es aris biujetidan

moparuli milionebi, romlebic am biznesmenTa dax-marebiT gaaTeTres da maT miabares ofSorul an-gariSebze Sesanaxad. mokled, “nacionalebi” magar SarSiarian, savaraudod, gauWirdebaT saqarTveloSi iseTikompaniebis moZebna, vinc am fuls isev ofSorSiSeunaxavs. gauWirdebaT imitom, rom mas Semdeg, rac biz-nesmenma giorgi kapanaZem prokuraturasTan iTanamSromlada jer gigi ugulavas qvisli, giorgi RoniaSvilidaaWerina, mere ki Tavad ugulavas cixeSi gastumrebaSicdaido wili, aRaravis endobian. biznesmenebs bokerias,TargamaZisa da baramiZisTvis aseve uTqvamT, rom konkre-tul “nacionalTa” ojaxis wevrebsa da maT “naTesavebs”maTsave kompaniebSi rom aqvT wilebi xelSeuxeblobissanacvlod da solidur dividendebsac iRebdnen, yvelaaseTma adamianma Tu uari ar ganacxada sakuTar wilze,maSin isini giorgi kapanaZis gzas daadgebian da samar-TaldamcavebTan iTanamSromleben. ramdenime biznesmensisic uTqvams, giorgi kapanaZis Canawerebi araferiaamasTan SedarebiT, rac maT aqvT arqivSi.

am Sexvedraze biznesmenebs isic uTqvamT, rom biznessar aaqtiurebdnen da molodinis reJimSi muSaobdnen,elodebodnen qveyanaSi procesebis ganviTarebas daamiT gvarianadac izarales da, rac mTavaria, maTimxridan es iyo sabotaJi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg daes rom gaakeTes, nanoben kidec, radgan dRevandelxelisuflebasTan dapirispireba ar surT, amitom axla,biznesaqtivobas gaagrZeleben da imave reJimSi imuSaveben,rogorc 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebamde muSaobd-nen.”

saidumlo Sexvedra wyneTSi _ ra moxda “nacionalebis” liderebsa da maT mokavSire biznesmenebs Soris?

guriel WiTanava _ 65SesaniSnav momRerals, musikoss, idividualurobiT

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12 22-29 ivlisi 2014

sportuli kuTxe mihyavs Jurnalist giorgi jalaRanias

iumori

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baqraZis quCa #6

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stadionebi legendarulebi sakuTariistoriidan gamomdinare xdebian. 2014wlis msoflio safexburTo Cempionatisfinali swored “marakanas” stadionzegaimarTa, raSic braziliis nakrebsukve wili araferze edo...

braziliis safexburTo nakre-bisaTvis mis samSobloSi gamarTuliCempionati kidev erT did tragediadiqca, ramac lamis TviTmkvlelobamdemiiyvana gulSematkivarTa nawili!

braziliis nakrebis saSinao ubedure-ba ki im Soreul 1950 wels daiwyo,roca am qveynis nakrebi marTlacsaukeTeso formaSi imyofeboda da mistriumfs TiTqos win veraveri verunda gadaRobeboda.

magram bedisweris qalRmerTi Turmesul sxvagvarad fiqrobda...

maS ase: gavigoT Tu ratom undayvela fexburTels am diad arenazeTamaSi, Tumca, ara mgonia, rom es arenasanukvarad iqces rodisme braziliisnakrebisaTvis.

fexburTis specialistebisa da fa-natikurad ganwyobili gulSematkivre-

bisaTvis saidumlo araa, rom arc erTsportul RonisZiebas ar Seugrovebiaimdeni xalxi, ramdenic 1950 wels“marakanaze” braziliasa da urugvaisnakrebebis msoflio Cempionatis safi-nalo matCze Seikriba. diax, maSin amarenam 199.854 adamiani daitia, riTacyvela sportuli rekordi iqna moxs-nili.

brzilieli sportuli JurnalistiteiSeira haizeri erT-erT interviuSiixsenebs Tu rogor awvebodnenfexburTelebi avtobuss finalamderamdenime saaTiT adre.

brazilielebi imdenad darwmuneb-ulebi iyvnen sakuTar gamarjvebaSi,rom matCis wina Rames sagangebo wveule-ba moawyves. mTeli qveyana darwmunebu-li iyo, rom zizinio da kampaniamsoflio Cempionatis finals zedmetiZalisxmevis gareSe moigebda.brazilielTa wagebaze xumrobiTac kiar iRebdnen xmas. aseTi ram maT TavSicki ar mosdiodaT.

xSirad gagvigia “savse stadioni”,Tumca sinamdvileSi stadioni“marakanaze” msoflios 1950 wlis Cem-pionatis finalSi, rogorc ityvian _“piramde gaivso”.

Sexvedris 47-e wuTze SesaniSnaviTavdamsxmeli friasi braziliisnakrebs awinaurebs. mTeli braziliazeimobs. stadionze sayovelTao eqstazida adrenalini mefobs. magram 66-e da79-e wuTebze urugvaelebs ori goli

gaaqvT da win gadian. maspinZelTaTamaSi wamis umal imsxvreva,fexburTelebis moZraobaSi ukve aRarigrZnoba “braziliuri” Tavdajerebu-loba, gamarjvebisadmi dauokebeliswrafva...

roca ingliselma arbitrma matCidaasrula, Sokur mdgomaeobaSi ara mx-olod stadioni iyo _ braziliasTviTmkvlelobis talRam gadauara,razec SemdegSi gazeTebSi uamravswerdnen.

fifas prezidenti Jiul rime mosa-loc sityvas portugaliur enazeamzadebda, Tumca urugvaelebis gamar-jvebis Semdeg igi mayureblis winaSesaerTod ar gamosula.

“marakanas” stadionze finaluri mat-Cis dasrulebis Semdeg ar iyo arcmusika arc rame sxva dajildovebisceremoniis atributi.

ara da, im momentisTvis medlebzeukve amotvifruli iyo 22 brazilielissaxeli da gvari.

gamarjvebis golis avtorma erT-erT interviuSi Tqva:

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braziliis nakrebi umetesobaerovnul gundSi miwvevas aRar Rebu-lobda, xolo mekare barbozas ustvend-nen, sadac ar unda gamoCeniliyo. im-droindeli braziliis nakrebis formagaauqmes da gadawyvites im maisurSigamosvla, romelic brazilielebs dResaqvs.

magram 1950 wlis finaluri tragedia2014 wels ukve naxevarfinalSi gan-meorda, roca germaniis nakrebmabrazilielebi marTlac gamanadgure-beli (7:1) angariSiT daamarcxa. amgvariangariSiT, msoflio Cempionatebis is-toriaSi, naxevarfinalSi, jerjerobiTarcerTi gundi ar damarcxebula. er-TaderTi maCvenebeli, rac am angariSsuaxlovdeba, gaxldaT 1954 wlismsoflio Cempionatis matCi qvejgufSi,roca ungreTis “didma gundma” germaniisnakrebi angariSiT 6:1 daamarcxa, TumcafinalSi igive germaniasTan waago...

da ai, stadion “marakanas” mTavarsaidumlosac mivadeqiT. amis Sesaxebbevrma brazilielmac ki ar icis, romzustad 1950 wlis finaluri matCisSemdeg gadaRebes stadioni urugvaisdroSis ferebSi.

legenda ambobs, rom “marakana” mud-mivad aseTi darCeba, Tumca braziliis

mTavari stadionis qveynis droSi fereb-Si gadaReba, rom moxerxdes erTi ambaviunda moxdes.

yvelaferi Zalian martivia _braziliis nakrebma msoflios Cempi-onati “marakanaze” unda moigos.

1950 wlis avadgasaxsenebli finalisSemdeg 64 weli gavida. pirvelad imdrois Semdeg Cempionatis gadamwyvetimatCi “marakanaze” gaimarTa, TumcamasSi finals miRma darCenilmabraziliis nakrebma kvlav ver miiRomonawileoba.

bediswerad qceulma wyevlam kideverTxel iCina Tavi da 2014 wlismsoflio Cempionatis finals brazili-is nakrebi mayureblis ampluaSi Sexv-da.

magram am yvelaferTan erTadsamarTlianobisTvis unda aRvniSnoTerTi faqti, rom 2014 wlis finalurmatCamde ramdenime TviT adre“marakanadan” fasadze lurji ferimoaSores, Tumca mTlianad arenisgadaRebva mainc ver gadawyvites.

axla stadioni mTlianad TeTriferisaa, TiTqos mxatvars elodeba,romelsac didi triumfis Semdeg sana-treli muza miuva, Tumca, aravin icis,ramdeni aTeuli wlis Semdeg daudgebabraziliis nakrebs “triumfis dRe”sakuTar samSobloSi!

rodis gadaRebaven stadions or-mocdaaTi Tu kvlav samocdaoTxi wlisSemdeg _ jerjerobiT ucnobia.

amitom, es procedura, rom argaweliliyo, 2014 wels braziliisnakrebs finaluri matCi unda moego,man ki naxevarfinalidanac ver gaaR-wia...

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manamde ki “marakanze” ramdenimeaseuli skami axsenebs safexburTo ers1950 wlis koSmars, xolo qalaq belu-orizontes stadioni im udides gaw-bilebas, romelic 2014 wlis ivlisSikidev ufro saSinel formebSi gan-meorda.

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