June- July 19 2 · as natural fertilizers. Since the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, causes a ... adulteration of the food items can occur at various stages:

EVERYMAN’SSCIENCE

Vol. LIV No. 2 (June-July 2019)

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Dr. Umakant Behera (Meghalaya)

Prof. Prakash Chandra Joshi (Haridwar)

Dr. Suresh Makvana (Vallabh Vidyanagar)

Prof. Diwan S. Rawat (Delhi)

Prof. R. B. Singh (Delhi)

Dr. Asit Kumar Das (Jamnagar)

Dr. R. S. Rawal (Almore)

Prof. Md. Nurul Hoda (New Delhi)

Dr. Srikantaswamy (Mysuru)

Prof. S. K. Nimbhorkar (Aurangabad)

Dr. Deep N. Srivastava (New Delhi)

Dr. Sudip K Ghosh (Kharagpur)

Dr. Santhosh Chidangil (Manipal)

Prof. (Mrs.) Y. Vimala (Meerut)

Prof. (Mrs.) Seshu Lavania (Lucknow)

COVER PHOTOGRAPHS

General Presidents of ISCA1. Prof. D. N. Rao (2017)2. Dr. Achyuta Samanta (2018)3. Dr. M. K. Chakrabarti (2019)4. Prof. K. S. Rangappa (2020)5. Dr. (Mrs.) V. L. Saxena (2021)

For permission to reprint or reproduceany portion of the journal, please writeto the Editor-in-Chief.

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor-in-ChiefDr. Ashok Kumar Saxena

Area Editors

Dr. (Mrs.) Vijay Laxmi Saxena(Biological Sciences)

Prof. Pramod Kumar Verma(Earth Sciences)

Dr. Manoj Kumar Chakrabarti(Medical Sciences including Physiology)

Prof. R.N. Yadava(Physical Sciences)

Dr. R. L. Bharadwaj(Social Sciences)

General Secretary (Membership Affairs)Dr. S. Ramakrishna

General Secretary (Scientific Activities)Dr. Anoop Kumar Jain

Editorial SecretaryDr. Amit Krishna De

Printed and published by Dr. Ashok KumarSaxena on behalf of Indian Science CongressAssociation and printed at East India PhotoComposing Centre, 69, Sisir Bhaduri Sarani,Kolkata, 700006 and published at IndianScience Congress Association, 14, Dr. BireshGuha Street, Kolkata-700017, with Dr. AshokKumar Saxena as Editor.

Annual Subscription : (6 issues)

Institutional rrrrr 500/-; Individual rrrrr 300/-

Price : rrrrr 20/- per issue

74

Everyman’s Science Vol. LIV No. 2 June-July 2019

EDITORIAL :

RECENT TRENDS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCESR. N. Yadava 75-76

ARTICLES :

TESTING OF ADULTERANT USING HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALSSunita Bansal and Sangita Aggarwal 77-85

BIODRAINAGE—A SUSTAINABLE WAY TO CONTROL WATERLOGGINGAND SALINITYJ. C. Paul and B. Panigrahi 86-92

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND LIGO: OPENING A NEW WINDOW TO UNIVERSESumita Singh and Arnav Pushkar 93-98

LIFE SKETCH OF OFFICE BEARERS, SECTIONAL PRESIDENTS ANDRECORDERS OF 107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS 99-124

KNOW THY INTITUTIONS 125-127

CONFERENCES/MEETINGS/SYMPOSIA/SEMINARS 128-129

S&T ACROSS THE WORLD 130-136

CONTENTS

75


Plants are unlimited source of natural products.India has immense medicinal plant diversityhaving vast variety of flora and fauna. All themajor system of medicine e.g. Ayurveda, Unaniand Homeopathy are largely based on drugs ofplant origin. About 80 % of the raw material forthe drugs used in Ayurvedic and Homeopathicsystem of medicine, are based on plant baseddrugs which are the principal support of 70-80 %of the world population for their primary healthcare. At present there is a growing appreciationall over the world for the greater use of Indiantraditional medicine to provide comparativelyinexpensive and safe health care for the ailingmasses. Clinical, pharmacological, and chemicalstudies of these traditional medicines, which werederived predominantly from plants, were the basisof most early medicines such as aspirin, digitoxin,morphine, quinine, and pilocarpine, etc. Thus,research on plant products is playing a veryimportant role in the drug delivery process ofpharmaceutical industry as it is evident thatapproximately 60 % anticancer compounds and75 % of drugs for infectious diseases are eithernatural products or natural product derivatives.Plant products especially secondary metabolitesobtained from medicinal plants may take part inplant-microorganism and plant-plant interactionsand are termed as allelochemicals. In plants,allelochemicals can be present in the leaves, bark,

RECENT TRENDS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES

root, flowers and fruits. Allelochemicals producedby plants are released into environment whichsuppress or stimulate the growth of neighbouringplants when they are absorbed by plants. Thesechemicals include flavonoids, terpenoids,saponins, tannins, alkaloids and aromatic acids,etc. Flavonoids especially their glycosides are themost abundant polyphenols in food and over15000 flavonoids have been separated andidentified from plants. Among various nature-origin phytochemicals, flavonoids have receivedmuch attention due to their biologicalsignificance. Flavonoids have been reported tohave antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor,cardiovascular, molluscicidal, spermicidal,cytotoxic, antimutagenic, antiulcerogenic,antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiagingactivities. Some flavonols like catechins possesesastringent characteristics and they act as feedingrepellants, while isoflavones are important plantprotective phytoalexins. Flavonoids play animportant role in the ecology of plants. Due totheir attractive colors, flavonols, flavones andanthocyanidins are likely to be a visual signal forpollinating insects. Allelopathy is an emergingbranch of applied sciences, which studiesbiochemicals plant-plants and plant-microorganisms interactions. Allelopathy is newtechnical word derived from the two Greek wordsAllelo and Pathy (means mutual harm), which

EDITORIAL

76


was used in 1937 by the Ausrtrian Professor HansMolisch. According to him allelopathy is definedas “Biochemical interactions that inhibit thegrowth of neighbouring plants by another plants”.Allelopathy (E.L. Rice 1984) is defined as “Alldirect positive or negative effects of a plant onanother plant or on microorganism by theliberation of biochemicals into the naturalenvironment”. In 1996 International Allelopathysociety (IAS) defined allelopathy as “any processinvolving secondary plant metabolites producedby plants, algae, bacteria and fungai thatinfluences the growth and development ofagricultural and biological systems”. All thesecondary plants metabolites are called asallelochemicals and can have beneficial (positiveallelopathy) or detrimental (Negative allelopathy)effects on the target organisms and community.It is the new area of multidisciplinary research in

Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity,and is the torch which illuminates the warld.

—Louis Pasteur

which Chemists and Biologists can work together.Those allelochemicals which suppress the growthof the palnts may be used as natural herbicidesin weed control management and those whostimulate the growth of the plants may be usedas natural fertilizers. Since the use of syntheticfertilizers and synthetic pesticides, causes avariety of fatal diseases like cancer, hepatitis etc.Therefore, these allelochemicals may be used asa good alternative of synthetic fertilizer andsynthetic herbicides. For clean environment, toavoid health hazards and for development andsustainability of organic/agriculture, researchwork in the area of allelopathy is essential foragriculture.

Prof. R. N. YadavaPro Vice-Chancellor

Purnea University, PurniaBihar

77


TESTING OF ADULTERANT USING HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS

Sunita Bansal* and Sangita Aggarwal

Department of Chemistry, ARSD College, University ofDelhi, Delhi. [email protected].

Food is essential for sustenance of life. Health of human being depends on quality of food that theyconsume and quality of food can be lowered by adulteration. Food is declared to be adulterated whensome prohibited or cheaper substance is added/ removed partly or wholly. Sometime food is completelyimitated or artificial or other chemicals (like color, processing) are added to improve its appearance andtaste. In country like India main cause of adulteration is financial gain to increase the weight ofsubstance and to make it more attractive. Food prepared, packed or stored in unhygienic condition isalso one of major cause of adulteration. Food adulteration is punishable act and many rules have beenimposed by government agency but still adulteration is reported on daily basis. Awareness and knowledgeof detecting common adulterant by some simple methods can prove to be a one of weapon to fightagainst adulteration. Day to day food can be screened with little basic knowledge, which is discussedhere.

INTRODUCTION

The healthy wellbeing of mankind dependson the quality food they consume. Access to goodquality food that one eats and how one eat it.Food is adulterated if its quality is lowered oraffected by the addition of substances which areinjurious to health or by the removal of substanceswhich are nutritious. According to Food Safetyand Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)1, alsothe technical definition of adulteration is additionor subtraction of substance to or from foodsubstance so that natural composition and qualityof food substance get affected. Purpose ofadulteration is not only to increase the weightbut also to improve taste/ lifetime/appearance/productivity of food2. All these above mentioned

practices adulterate/contaminate food. Theaddition and removal of some substances(Physical contamination), is not as harmful asChemical contamination where chemicals areadded during the processing of food beyondpermissible level, affects the quality and can proveto be toxic. Food contaminated with microbes(Microbial contamination) is also one of thebiggest causes of health problems. Sometimemetals may also enter into food through air, water,soil, industrial pollution and other routes (Metalliccontamination) and also proves to be fatal if crosscertain limits. So the foods that get contaminatedby any means, become unfit for consumption,come under the category of adulterated food. Theadulteration of the food items can occur at variousstages:

78


EFFORTS BY GOVERNMENT TOCONTROL ADULTERATION

To control adulteration the FSSAI has alsobeen established under Food Safety and StandardsAct, 2006 which consolidates various acts andorders that have hitherto handled food relatedissues in various Ministries and Departments.FSSAI has been created for laying down sciencebased standards for articles of food and to regulatetheir manufacture, storage, distribution, sale andimport to ensure availability of safe andwholesome food for human consumption. Alongwith the regulations in farming, production,packaging, transportation, etc. they are doingfollowing programs:

• Creating an information network acrossthe country so that the public, consumers,panchayats, etc., receive rapid, reliableand objective information about food safetyand issues of concern.

• Provide training programs for persons whoare involved or intend to get involved infood businesses.

• Contribute to the development ofinternational technical standards for food,sanitary and phytosanitary standards.

• Promote general awareness about foodsafety and food standards.

Despite of so many efforts of governmentagencies consumer are still facing adulterations.Increased demand during festival season leads torampant adulteration. Paneer, khoya, milk, oils,ghee, etc. are most targeted items. Milk and milk

products are generally adulterated with starchwhich is used to give a thick, rich texture to theseproducts. Urea, washing soda, alkali, etc., are theingredients which are used to prepare syntheticmilk. Mustard seeds and mustard oil is generallyadulterated by argemone seeds. Also, ‘palmstearin’, a non-edible by-product of crude palmoil, is used as an adulterant in vanaspati ghee.Artificial colors and dyes are used in the sweets toimprove their appearance and aroma. Theseadulterants can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,skin ailments and cause paralysis and cancer inextreme cases. The adulterated ‘ghee’ may causeallergy, tingling of the sensory nerves and allergicarthritis, if consumed for longer period3.

Now where do consumers go to have aquality food for their good health? There aremany survey reports available which say it is notnecessary that if you purchase goods frombranded shop, will be safe and free fromadulteration; it might be more adulterated toimprove its appearance and taste4. Consumerwants to be sure that what they are eating is safeso it is very much necessary that one must try totest or get them tested for adulterantion time totime. Hence some efforts have been done todevelop few tests to check the adulteration infood items at home. These are cost-effective andrapid methods for detection of adulterant usinghouse hold chemicals. A house maker can easilyperform these tests having no knowledge ofscience.

TESTS OF ADULTERANTS IN VARIOUSFOOD ITEMS

The following food items can be tested forthe various adulterants at home with little effortusing household chemicals:

1. Spices and pulses2. Milk and other dairy products3. Oils4. Green vegetables

79


Table-1. Test for spices:ADULTERANTS

Brick Powder(increased riskof cancer,especially inthe gallbladderand stomach)

Color impurity

Starch

Any powder(starch, wheatflour etc.)colored withMetanil yellow

Chalk powder

Lead chromate

HEALTHEFFECTS

Stomachdisorder

Can causecancer

Stomachdisorder

StomachDisorder,Neurotoxic7,hepatotoxic8

Not verytoxic butmaycausesstomachdisorder,kidneystone.

Candamage allof the bodysystems,

REASON FORADULTERATION

To increase thequantity.

To improve thetexture and feelof spices.

To improve thebulk.

To increase thequantity andtexture ofpowder.

TEST

1. Brick powder settles fast and chillipowder settles slowly when added intoglass of water. Further rubbing thesediments will give the feel of grittiness.2. To a little powder of chilly add smallamount of toilet cleaner and mix to theconsistency of paste, dip the rear end ofa match stick into the paste and holdover the flame, brick red flame colourdue to the presence of calcium salts inbrick powder.

Water soluble colour can be detected bysprinkling a small quantity of powder on fullglass of water. The water soluble colourwill start descending in colour streak.

To test for starch, add few drops oftincture Iodine solution to the powderedspice. The appearance of bluish colourchange, it shows the presence of starch.

Add few drops of toilet cleaner to thesample. Instant pink/violet color, whichdisappears on dissolution with water,indicates pure turmeric. If colour persistshence metanil yellow is present.

Also, If the mixture releases smallbubbles, it indicates the presence ofchalk powder.

1. Mix a teaspoon of turmeric powderin a glass of water. If adulterated, it willimmediately leak streaks of water-soluble colour.

ITEMS(Spices)

Chillipowder

Turmericpowder

80


2. Shake ½ teaspoon with 5ml of waterand add a few drops of toilet cleaner.Pink colour indicates the presence of leadchromate.

Shake a small quantity of powdered samplewith water. Soapstone or other earthy matterwill settle down at the bottom. If starch isadded into it on dissolution in water asolution will turn turbid and retained aftersome time while pure hing solution willagain turn into colourless solution.

1. Shake a small quantity of sample withwater. Papaya seeds will float in water andblack pepper will settle down. The resultscan be further improved if we take spiritor nail polish remover instead of water.2. Visually black pepper are black incolour and papaya seeds are brownishblack and shrunken and oval in shape.

Rub cumin seeds on palm, palm turnsblack

1. Soak little dhania powder in water. Horsedung will float and give foul smell. Naturalsmell of dhania powder will not be there.2. Keep moist dhania powder for 1-2 days,colonies of bacteria will grow if dung ispresent in it, it will give foul smell.

Genuine saffron will not break easily butartificial saffron breaks. Artificial saffronlose colour before lasting whereas realsaffron continues to give color till end.

includingthe heart,intestines,bones,kidneys,teeth,reproductiveorgans, andthe nervousandimmunesystems9.

To increase thequantity

To increase thequantity andmaking moreprofit

To increase thebulk.



Soapstone,other earthymatter

Papaya seeds,light berriesetc.

Grass seedscoloured withcharcoal dust

Horse dung

Coloured driedtendrils ofmaize cob

Asafoetida(hing)

Blackpepper

Jeera

Dhaniapowder

Saffron

ITEMS(Spices)

ADULTERANTS TEST REASON FORADULTERATION

HEALTHEFFECTS

81


ITEMS(Pulses)

Arhar

All yellowpulses(Chana,Arhar,dhulimoong,etc.)

ADULTERANTS

Khesari dal

Metanil yellow

Lead Chromate

TEST

1. Visual test – It is slant onone side and square inappearance in contrast to otherdal 2. Add 3-4 drops of toiletcleaner to small amount of dalin water and keep onsimmering water for about 45min. The pink colour indicatesthe presence of khesari dal.

Add toilet cleaner to smallquantity of pulse. Keep onsimmering water for about 15min. The pink colour indicatesthe presence of metanil yellow.

Shake 5gm of pulse with 5mlof water and add a few dropsof toilet cleaner. Pink colourindicates the presence of leadchromate.

REASON OFADULTERATION

To increasequantity

To enhancetexture of yellowdal.

HEALTHEFFECTS

Stomach Disorder,Neurotoxic7,hepatotoxic8.

Can damage all ofthe body systems,including the heart,intestines, bones,teeth, kidneys, andreproductive organs,nervous andimmune systems9.

Table-2. Test for Pulses:

By using some tests available in literature5, 6

for testing the adulterants and by interpretation ofthe physical and chemical properties of food itemsa list of chemical tests, physical tests and solubilitytests etc. are prepared with modification. Onlythose modified tests have been reported in this listwhich can be performed at home.

List of chemicals that are available at home arelisted below and tests are reported in table 1-5.

List of Chemicals used (available at home):a. Toilet cleaner : Dil. /Conc. HClb. Nail paint Remover : Acetone

c. Washing soda : Na2CO3

d. Edible soda : NaHCO3

e. Vinegar : CH3COOHf. Lemon Juice : Citric acidg. Turmeric : Indicatorh. Tincture iodine: Iodinei. WaxSpices and Pulses: In wholesome spices and

pulses dirt, pebbles, stone, dust, straw, damagedseeds, animal or bird excreta, dead insects maybe present. These adulterants can be easily

82


ITEM

Milk

Synthetic milk(mixture ofwater, urea, soapor detergent,stabilizer, sodiumhyroxide,vegetable oil andsalt)

Khoya, Paneer,other milkproducts andmilk

Ghee

ADULTERANTS

Water

Urea/detergentor soap /sodiumhydoxide

Starch

Mashed potato,sweet potatoetc.

Vanaspati orMargarine

TEST

Put a drop of milk on a polishedvertical surface (provided someother thickening material is notadded into it). The drop of puremilk flows slowly leaving awhite trail behind it whereas thedrop of milk adulterated withwater will flow immediatelywithout leaving any mark.

Take small amount of milk. Add½ teaspoon of soybean or arhardal powder. Mix up the contentsthoroughly. After 5 minutes, add¼ spoon of turmeric powder in it.A change in colour from yellow tored indicates the presence of urea/washing powder in the milk.

Take a small sample of product,add 20ml of water and bring itto boil. Cool to roomtemperature and add 1-2 dropstincture iodine solution. If thesolution turns blue then itindicates the presence of starch.

Boil 5ml of sample, cool it andadd a drop of tincture iodinesolution. Blue colour indicatesthe presence of mashed potatoes.

Melt a small quantity of gheeand then add equal quantity oftoilet cleaner shake it well forone minute. Now let it stand forfive minute. Crimson red colourappeares if vanaspati ormargarine is added.


To increase thequantity of milk

To make profit/money

To give a thickand rich texture

To increasequantity andthickness

To make profit.

HEALTHEFFECTS

Stomachdisorder

Cardiovasculardisease10

Table-3. Test for milk and milk products:

83


ADULTERANT

Argemone Oil

Cheap oils

Sugar syrup,Glucosesolution orstarch

Washing,chalk powder

Iron filling

Metanil yellow

FOODITEM

MustardOil &CoconutOil

Coconutoil

Honey

BuraSugar

Tea andCoffee

Jaggery

TEST

Heat the mixture of oil withlittle amount of toiletcleaner for 2-3 min. Redcolour appears

Freeze the oil in refrigeratorfor 1-2 hour, some oilremains in liquid form.

1. Refrigerate honey bottle ifit is pure it will not solidify.2. Take a cotton wick soakit with honey now burn. Ifsugar syrup is added, itburn with pop up sound.

1. Effervescence with /toiletcleaner.2. To the solution of burapowder in water add ¼ teaspoon of haldi, will turn red.

Move a magnet over tea orcoffee, iron filling will stickto it.

Dissolve Jaggery in waterthen add toilet cleaner to it,colour changes to Magenta.

REASON FORADULTERATION

To increase thequantity andconsistency



To increasequantity and itsconsistency.

To increasequantity andweight.

To enhance thetexture.

HEALTHEFFECTS

Epidemic dropsy,carcinogenic11

Harmful fordiabetic patients

May causekidney stone

Stomach disorder

Stomach Disorder,Neurotoxic7,hepatotoxic8.

Table-4. Test for oil, fats and others:

recognized by eye examination and can beseparated just by hand picking. Problem ariseswhen something which cannot be recognizedvisually and added into it intentionally andsmartly to increase the sale of product. Some ofthe items which are found to be adulterated aregiven in Table 1 & 2 along with the chemicaltest which can be performed at home usinghousehold chemicals:

Milk and Milk Products: Milk is consideredto be the ‘ideal food’ because of its abundantnutrients required by all (young and old). It isone of the best sources for protein, fat,carbohydrate, vitamin and minerals. And everyonewants to consume it and its products in sufficientamount. Unfortunately milk is being very easilyadulterated throughout the world. Possible reasons

84


FOOD ITEM

Green vegetable(Beans, Spinach,Parmal,Capsicum, LadyFinger,Tori,Frozenmatar, Bittergourd,Kakora,etc.)

Fruits like apple

Black berries(Jamun)

ADULTERANT

Sprinkled ordipped insolution ofmalachite green

Coated withwax

Dipped insolution ofcrystal violet

TEST

Take a cotton piecesoaked in liquidparaffin/vegetable oiland rub the outer greensurface of a small partof green vegetable. Ifthe cotton turns, green,we can say the vegetableis adulterated withmalachite green.

Scratch the surface ofapple with the help ofknife, if some semisolidmass comes out it iscoated with wax.

Dip jamuns in lukewarmwater for 5 minutes,purple colour appears inwater.


To giveattractive andfresh look.

lock themoisture of fruit

Improve thebrightness

HEALTHEFFECTS

Causecarcinogenesis,mutagenesis,chromosomalfractures,teratogenecityand respiratorytoxicity13.

Cause mitoticpoison, potentcarcinogen andclastogenepromoting tumorgrowth14.

Table-5. Test for vegetables and fruits:

behind it may include-demand and supply gap.The adulteration in milk and its product cannotbe seen by naked eye, but it can be tested easilyin home by doing following simple tests as givenin Table 3:

Oil, fats and miscellaneous: Vegetable oilsand fats have a big contribution in our diet ascooking or frying oil, salad oil or in food productsformulation. These are so expensive, that’s whythere is temptation to adulterate them with otherlower price vegetable oils and fats to achievemore profit as given in Table 4.

Vegetables and Fruits: Vegetables and fruitsare coloured12 with the dye and waxed to enhance

their colour and their texture. This thing havebeen noticed by many people while sharing theirexperience of getting colour during washing ofvegetables and fruits (Table 5).

Conclusion: Food adulteration is worse indeveloping and underdeveloped countries due tothe absence of adequate monitoring and lack ofproper law enforcement. Therefore, consumershave to be alert and check the adulteration bytheir own time to time using the simple and easyexperiments discussed above to keep themselfhealthy, as we know health is wealth.

85


REFERENCES1. FSSAI, Food Safety and Standards Authority

of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Government of India, New Delhi, India, 2011

2. Azad and Ahmed; International Journal ofFood Contamination, 3, 22, 2016.

3. Lawrence M. Schell, Mia V. Gallo and Katsi;American Journal of Human Biology, 2, 24,139–148, 2012.

4. http://www.indiatoday.in; http://www.rediff.com

5. S. Abhirami and Radha; InternationalJournal of recent scientific research 6, 8,5938-5943, 2015.

6. P. C. Molan; Journal of food and technology;259-303, 1996.

7. T. N. Nagaraja and T. Desiraja; Food andchemical toxicology 31, 1, 41-44, 1993.

8. B. Sexsena and S. Sharma, ToxicologyInternational 22, 1, 152-157, 2015.

9. T. Newman Reviewed by Stacy Sampson,DO, Medical News Today 18 June 2018.

10. Q. Liu, et al., Epidemiology 28, 1, 145–156,2017.

11. C. K. Babu, S.K. Khanna and Dr. M. Das,Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 9, 4, 515-525, 2007.

12. S. Majumdar, Everyman’s Science 64, 348-355, 2010.

13. S. Srivastava, R. Sinha, D. Roy, AquaticToxicology 66, 3, 319-29, 2004.

14. S. Mani, R. N. Bharagava, Reviews ofEnvironmental Contamination andToxicology, 237, 71-104, 2016.

86


BIODRAINAGE—A SUSTAINABLE WAY TO CONTROLWATERLOGGING AND SALINITY

J. C. Paul and B. Panigrahi

College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, O.U.A.T.,Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, Email: [email protected]

Agriculture makes the largest demand on land and fresh water resources on earth. Sustained irrigatedagriculture is not possible without proper drainage to remove excess ground water. The most commonlypracticed sub-surface drainage method, in which saline waters are discharged into natural streamspollutes water and is environment-unfriendly. Trees transpire a good deal of water and also removeminerals to some extent from the soil. Properly planned and grown plantations in an irrigated area canhelp to achieve appropriate water and salt balance so that the ground water table does not rise enoughto cause water logging and the minerals brought in the area by inigation water are all removed by theutilizable bio mass produced from the plantations and agriculture crops. Bio-drainage is a promisingand environment friendly option, which would be socially acceptable and a least cost measure tomitigate the problem of water logging and salinity.

INTRODUCTION

Sustainable development is a process, throughwhich the needs of the present generation are metwithout compromising on the ability of the futuregenerations to meet their needs. Food, fiber andfodder are the three most important agriculturalproducts necessary to sustain life. The futuregenerations will always have more numbers toconsume agricultural produce. Its two importantproduction bases—land and water are, however,limited and are also degradable. From the pastexperience, it can be conclusively said that whenwater availability is ensured for agriculture,initially it brings in vast improvement inagricultural production. But in many countries,little attention is paid to proper agronomicpractices, soil management and the need fordrainage. Sumerian empire flourished about fourthousand years ago in Mesopotamia, in the plainsof rivers Tigris and Euphrates, on the base of highly

developed irrigation system. Later,large-scalesalinisation rendered the farm lands unproductiveand this contributed to the collapse of the empire.In California’s Imperial valley, drainage water fromirrigated lands is discharged into the Salton sea,whose salinity is on the increase. Similarly,discharge of drainage water from irrigated landsin San Joaquin Valley, California into theKestenson reservoir has resulted in problems oftoxicity and discovery of selenium in the biota.Extensive irrigation systems from Nile in Egyptand from river Indus in India and Pakistan haveendowed great benefits but have also brought aboutproblems of water logging and salinisation, whichif not tackled, can undo the benefits of irrigationand cause large scale environmental degradation.

Irrigation, in absence of proper drainage, causeswater logging and soil salinisation. Sustainedirrigated agriculture is not possible without properdrainage to remove excess groundwater. The mostcommonly practiced sub-surface drainage method,have two drawbacks, namely, these are costly and

87


they generate drainage effluents, which will haveto be either carefully reused or safely disposed of.Trees transpire a good deal of water and alsoremove minerals to some extent from the soil.Properly planned and grown plantations in anirrigated area, can help achieve appropriate waterand salt balance so that the groundwater table doesnot rise enough to cause water logging and theminerals brought in the area by irrigation waterare all removed by the utilizable bio mass-producefrom the plantations.

IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGEIndia has made great strides in irrigation

development since independence and has one ofthe largest irrigation networks in the world. Theirrigation potential has increased from 22.6 Mhain the pre-plan period to about 85.0 Mha at theend of 1993-94 comprising 31.8 Mha under majorand medium irrigation projects and 53.2 Mha inminor irrigation schemes. The ultimate irrigationpotential of about 178 Mha is expected to beaccomplished by 2025 and this will provideirrigation facilities to about 80 per cent of thecropped area. Every year additional areas are

brought under irrigation due to development ofnew irrigation projects. At the same timeconsiderable areas under irrigation are going outof cultivation due to salinisation and bad drainage.An area of roughly 18 Mha suffers from the twinmalady of water logging (8.53 Mha) and soilsalinity/sodicity (9.38 Mha), which is equivalentto about 13 per cent of the net cultivated area.Majority of the affected areas are in irrigationcommands, though some areas in the coastal beltare also affected5. Information on the water loggedand salt affected areas in some of the states ofIndia are presented in (Table 1)1.

For the state of Orissa, the total cultivablearea is 59.64 lakh ha and the total irrigated areais 16.82 lakh ha from various sources, which is28.2 per cent of the culturable area. A surveyconducted by ORSAC, Bhubaneswar found that0.85 lakh ha of land is water logged in Orissa.

BIODRAINAGEAll plants transpire water. The rate of

transpiration depends primarily upon climaticcondition, type and species of plantation, andavailability of soil moisture in the root zone.

Table 1. Geographical, water logged and salt affected areas of some states in India1

State Geographical area Water logged area Salt affected areaMha Mha Mha

Andhra Pradesh 27.44 0.339 0.813Bihar 17.40 0.363 0.400Gujrat 19.60 0.484 0.455Haryana 4.22 0.275 0.455Karnataka 19.20 0.036 0.404Kerala 3.89 0.012 0.026Madhya Pradesh 44.20 0.057 0.242Maharashtra 30.75 0.111 0.534Orissa 15.54 0.196 0.400Punjab 5.04 0.199 0.520Rajasthan 28.79 0.348 1.122Tamilnadu 12.96 0.128 0.340Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal 29.40 1.980 1.295

88


Agriculture crops consume major part of theirrigation water by transpiration but the waterlost in percolation during field application andthat lost through seepage in the conveyancesystem, goes down to the ground water reservoir.As and when the water table level comes upsufficiently high, and is within the reach of rootsof trees in plantations, the trees start drawingwater from the ground water reservoir throughthe process of transpiration. This process ofwithdrawal of ground water by plantations istermed as “Bio-drainage”.

Plantations, particularly in dry arid regions,can transpire large quantity of ground water andcan be used to control rise of ground water table.Plantations also draw salts and minerals fromthe soil to some extent. Where the irrigation wateris of good quality, plantations through bio-drainage can help achieve water balance as wellas salt balance in the ground water regime.

PRINCIPLES AND IMPORTANTFEATURES OF BIODRAINAGEPLANNING AND DESIGN

For bio-drainage to be effectively adaptable,the following requirements are to be met:

Water balance—the quantity of water removedfrom the ground water annually should equalthe quantity of recharge;Salt balance—the quantity of mineralsremoved annually should be nearly equar tothe quantity of mineral import;Area under plantation—this should not be solarge as to affect agriculture;Water for plantation—the demand on irrigationwater shourd be minimal;Ground water quality—this should not be toosaline, say, not more than 12 ds/m; andGround water table depression—its impactshould extend to the whole area threatened bywater logging.

a) Water balanceBefore the introduction of irrigation, theground water system is in a state ofequilibrium. The inflows, mostly from naturalprecipitation, seepage from water bodies andground water inflow match the outflows onaccount of withdrawal of water for agricultureand other uses, ground water outflow etc.There are some fluctuations in the water tablelevel from season to season and from dry yearto wet year, otherwise the ground water systemover a period of time, reaches a state ofequilibrium and remains fairly stable. with theadvancement of irrigation when a rargequantity of water is brought from outside thearea, the state of equilibrium is disturbed andground water table no longer remains stable.Depending upon the quantity of netincremental recharge, the ground water tablestarts rising and continues to do so until anew balance is reached. As long as balance isnot reached, the water table continues to riseand may come up to ground surface or evenhigher, causing water logging. Ultimately,evaporation from ground surface in waterlogged area and from surface of formed waterpools along with other withdrawals, strikes abalance with the quantity of recharge. But bythis time, large areas may be lost fromagriculture use, on account of water logging.To overcome the above problem, the objectiveof any drainage scheme, is to achieve waterbalance before the ground water table rises upto the critical depth, which in general may betaken as 2.0 m below ground level. This wouldbe possible if the annual rate of withdrawalfrom ground water equals or exceeds the rateof recharge, when or before the ground watertable creeps up to the critical depth.If ‘P’ be the plantation area, Apan, the annualtranspiration from trees, then the total tree wateruse would be P × Apan in a year, and if all the

89


water requirements of trees is met from groundwater then the annual withdrawal of water byplantations from ground water Wb would alsobe equal to P × Apan. For stable water balance,annual withdrawal by plantations should equalthe net recharge due to irrigation, i.e. Wb = Rc+ Rp. Rc is the water recharge due to waterconveyance loss and Rp that due to deeppercolation from field irrigation in a year.

b) Salt balanceThe quantity of minerals imported annuallywith irrigation water is mlw × V × 10–6 tonswhere mw the amount of dissolved mineralsin irrigation water in mg/1 and V is the volumein m3 of imported water used for irrigation.The quantity of minerals removed byagriculture crops in a year is mc × A wheremc is the percentage mineral content in thecrop bio-mass and A is the total annual bio-mass produce from agriculture that isharvested and removed from the field. Thequantity of minerals removed from treeplantations area P (in ha) is mp × b × P wheremp is the percentage mineral content isutilizable biomass produce and b is biomassproduce in tons/ha/year.With proper planning of irrigation intensity,crop selection, water management and bio-drainage plantations, it can be possible toachieve salt balance using river water of normalsalinity.

c) Area under plantationFor stable water balance, total annualwithdrawal of water Wb = P × Apan, where Pis the area under plantation and Apan is surfaceevaporation from standard pan, should equalthe total; annual recharge R = Rc + Rp, whereRc is the net annual recharge from waterconveyance system and Rp that in the fieldduring water application.Irrigation water is supplied to crops to meetevapotranspiration requirement (ETcrop). The

gross irrigation requirement, IR is determinedtaking into account the water conveyance andfield application efficiencies.Therefore, if total culturable area be ‘C’, theannual irrigation water supply would be C ×AF × IR and the net recharge to the groundwater would be RF × (C × AF × IR).If the entire quantity of recharge is to bewithdraw by bio-drainage, the requirement ofarea under afforestation P would be;

or

where,

= the fraction of culturable area that must

be under afforestationRF = the recharge factor, i.e. ratio of netrecharge (to ground water) to total irrigationwater supplyAF = the area intensity factor of irrigatedagricultureIR = gross irrigation requirementApan = surface evaporation from a standardpanAs an illustration, if RF = 0.3, AF = 1.0, IR =600 mm and Apan = 1500 mm, P/C would be0.12, i.e. 12 per cent of culturable area underafforestation can provide the needed bio-drainage.The plantation area can be along canals, roads,farm boundaries and in blocks of lands suitablyscattered and distributed, within the boundaryof irrigated area.Depending upon the percentage area that is tobe brought under plantations, the width andspacing between land strips for afforestationcan be decided. For example if 12 per centarea is to be covered with plantations, thenthe spacing between 50 m wide parallel

90


plantation strips would be about 400 m. Theplantation areas can also be planned in theform of compact blocks in the middle of theirrigation area to provide needed drainage.

d) Water for plantationThe plantations for bio-drainage are proposedto draw almost all their requirement of waterfrom shallow ground water table. Fresh canalwater may be needed in a limited quantity inthe initial stages and for nurseries. Theplantations would therefore not compete withthe crops for the supply of irrigation water.As soon as their roots develop and go deep,and are able to draw water from the surfaceof rising water table, so further irrigation waterneed be supplied. Thereafter, the trees wouldtranspire water almost fully from the groundwater.

e) Ground water qualityln irrigation projects, the quality of irrigationwater brought from storages or river diversionsis generally quite good. With the introductionof surface irrigation, the ground water tablerises and the quality of ground water improvesgradually and progessively due to dilutioneffect. The percolating irrigation water, beingless saline and of lighter density, accumulatesover the more saline and dense ground waterunderneath. So long as the ground water tableis more than about 2.0 m deep, its salinitylevel does not have any significant effect onsurface inigated agriculture, horticulture etc.But since the bio-drainage plantations are tomeet water requirement from the ground water,the quality of ground water, when it comes upto about 10 m below ground level, becomesimportant. The salinity of ground water at thatstage should be less than what the biodrainageplantations can tolerate.

f) Effect of lowering ground water tableThe water table under vegetation falls whendischarge (evapotranspiration, surface runoff

and groundwater outflow) exceeds recharge(infiltration and groundwater inflow) andstabilizes when they are equal. A depressedwater table beneath a tree plantation inducesgroundwater flow from the surrounding areas(where the water table is higher) towards theplantation area, thus providing water tablecontrol to these areas. If tree plantations wereplanted in parallel strips, the water table profilewould be similar to the profile found betweenparallel, open drainage ditches (Figure 1). Therelationship between depression of the watertable, rate of recharge, hydraulic conductivity,depth to barrier layer and distance betweenplantations can be described using equationsdeveloped by Hooghoudt (1940, in Dutch),and later applied by Donnan (1946, in English)as follows:

where:L : distance between parallel plantation strips(m)R : rate of recharge (m/day)Y0 : height of water table above barrier layerunder the tree plantations (m)K : hydraulic conductivity of substrata (m/day)h: head difference (m)As an illustration, for R = 0.0005 m/day, Y0= 10 m and h = 10 m, the distance betweentree plantations (L) would be 1 500, 500 and150 m for K-values of respectively 1, 0.1 and0.01 m/day. Low-hydraulic conductivity soilsrequire closer-spaced plantation strips thansoils with more permeable substrata. However,often-higher intake rates occur in the high-permeability profiles and this would requirelarger areas to be covered by bio-drainagecrops to balance the increased accessions. Theplantation strips in areas with high hydraulic

91


conductivity could potentially cover largeareas of the landscape. Site-specific field datashould be collected to estimate the size ofand spacing between plantation strips.

ECONOMY OF AGRO-FORESTRYSYSTEM

The agro-forestry system can providecomparable or even better returns than fromagriculture. There are many studies that showatttactive Net Present Worth, Benefit-Cost Ratioand Intenal Rate of Return from forestry. The bio-drainage benefit of tree plantations can thereforebe a zero-cost benefit or a free bonus. The namesof some suitable tree species for biodrainage areEucalyptus (E.) cladocayx, E. globules, E. robusta,E. saligna, E. sargentil, E. wandoo, Acasia nilotica,Dalbargia sissoo, Sesbania grandiflora, andCasurina equisetifolia etc.

BENEFIT TO USERS (SOCIETY)The important benefits of bio-drainage and

tree plantations are presented below.Bio-drainage would:

Prevent water logging and salinisationMake irrigation permanently sustainableBe a no-cost remedy

Improve the environmentProvide timber, firewood and fodderAct as wind breaks and prevent soil erosionProvide abode for habitation of birds and

animals.

CASE STUDY IN INDIAIndira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP),Rajasthan study

Tree plantation work was undertaken alongthe canals primarily to protect the canalembankments from being blown away by highwinds and to prevent sand deposits inside thecanals. A 1524 m long and 261 m wide stripalong the left side of the main canal was selectedfor case study. Plantation work in this strip wascarried out during the years 1987 to 1994. Thedensity of planted trees was about 1900 trees/haand the important species planted wereEucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia nilotica. Asurvey conducted in 1991 indicated that the totalnumber of locations where pools of water werepermanently formed was 127 covering an area of900 ha. The plantation trees on growth had aprofound impact on the ground water tableconditions. By the year 1997, the overall waterpool area had reduced from 900 ha to 20 ha. The

Transpiration

RechargePlantation

Groundwatersurface

Depressedgroundwatertable surfaceunderneathplantationsImpervious layer

HY0

Donnan Equation

With R = 0.5 mm/day, h = 10.0 m, Y0 = 10.0 mand K = 100 mm/day. L works out to 500 m.

L: distance between plantationsR: rate of rechargeYB: height of water levelK: hydraulic conductivityh: head difference

Fig. 1. Flow towards depressed groundwater table under plantations

8KY0hR

4Kh2

RL2 = +

92


plantations acted as bio pump drawing out waterat the rate of 3.93 m3 per hr per ha. The TreeWater use was estimated as 3446 mm per year.The drawdown of the ground water tableunderneath the plantations was l5 m. Thedrawdown impact was quite significant up to adistance of 500 m. No abnormal increase insalinity levels in soils and ground water wasobserved underneath the plantations.

CSSRI Karnal studyAn experiment was conducted at the Central

Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal usingRCC lysimeters of 1.2 m diameters and 2.5 mdepth filled with sandy loam soil with provisionto maintain water table depth at 1, 1.5, and 2 mfrom the surface and ground water salinity at0.4, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ds/m. Three months oldsaplings of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis)and bamboo (Bambusa arendinacea) were plantedin the center of the lysimeter. The applied waterentered the lysimeters from below as groundwater. Another set of lysimeters with similarcombinations of water table and salinity levelsbut without trees was used to monitor the loss ofwater through evaporation. The study shows that:

Tree water use by eucalyptus under abundantwater available conditions can be very highas much as between two to three times ofpotential evapotranspiration.Tree water use declined with an increase inground water salinity. It was about 53 per centwhen soil water salinity increased to 12 ds/m.The soil salinity in the capillary zone increasedby 2 to 6 ds/m during the period of four yearsbut did not affect tree water use. This wasbecause the tree roots had direct access to theground water of lower salinity.

CONCLUSIONSWater logging and salinity have become major

hazards for irrigated agricultural lands and have

raised doubts about sustainability of irrigation,particularly in dry arid regions. This threat isgenerally met by providing sub-surface drainageunder fields, by installing perforated pipes tocollect water and conveying drainage water tosea, rivers, lakes or evaporation tanks. Butdischarge of saline drainage water in naturalrivers, lakes etc. pollutes them and isobjectionable.

Bio-drainage, in which the property of plantsand trees to transpire water is used to removeexcess ground water, can be a biological optionto provide the needed drainage. Trees and plantsalso remove minerals to some extent from thesoil. They act like biological pumps and can helpin achieving water balance as well as salt balanceto mitigate the problems of water logging andsalinisation. Bio-drainage is economicallyattractive because it requires only an initialinvestment for planting the vegetation and whenestablished, the system could produce economicreturns by means of fodder, wood or fiberharvested along with lowering of water table.REFERENCES1. A. K. Bhattacharya and A. M. Michael, Land

Drainage—Principles, Methods andApplications, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,Delhi 2003.

2. A. F. Heuperman, A. S. Kapoor and H. W.Denecke, Biodrainage: Principles,Experiences and Applications. KnowledgeSynthesis Report, No. 6, IPTRID, FAO, Rome,Italy 2002.

3. A. S. Kapoor, Proceedings of 17th

International Congress on Irrigation andDrainage, ICID, Granada, Spain, Vol. 1C, 9-22, 1999.

4. A. S. Kapoor, Biodrainage, Tata McGraw HillPublishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2001.

5. J. C. Paul and S. D. Sharma Yojana, Vol. 45,4, 46-48, 2001.

93


GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND LIGO: OPENING A NEWWINDOW TO UNIVERSE

Sumita Singh1 and Arnav Pushkar2

1Department of Physics, Patna University, Ashok Rajpath,Patna-800005.2School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University,New Delhi-110016. Email: [email protected],[email protected]

The direct discovery of Gravitational Waves through LIGO has not only proved the Albert Einstein’sidea but also has brought a radical change in how we perceived our future research in the Astronomyand Astrophysics. In this article, the history, idea and the implications of this result is discussed briefly.Also, what it could mean for the Indian scientific prospects, as LIGO comes to our country.

INTRODUCTION

In 1916, Albert Einstein based on his GeneralTheory of Relativity, predicted the existence ofripples of disturbances in the space-time, likewaves of gravity pushing things around, byundetectable amounts, due to accelerated mass.These came to be known as the GravitationalWaves or the G-Waves.The General Theory ofRelativity, in itself was a revolutionary idea, inface of the Classical Newton gravity, and hencewas met with fierce opposition. With time theunderstanding of the idea grew and withverification of its other predictions, like bendingof light due to a massive object, this theory gainedthe acceptance of brains all over the world. Therewas yet to be an observation that would verifythe ‘Gravitational Waves’.

It was not until 1974, that this predictionwould be attested by Taylor and Hulse after their

observation of a binary pulsar, which lead themto an indirect proof of gravitational waves and aNobel Prize in 1993. A first direct detection ofthese waves was announced on 11th February,2016, at Washington, and was done using theAdvanced LIGO (LASER InterferometerGravitational-Wave Observatory) which consistsof two interferometers: one in Hanford,Washington and other in Livingstone Louisiana,operating in unison to detect gravitational waves.

It was for this, that the Nobel Prize in Physics,for the year 2017 was awarded to Reiner Weiss,Barry C. Barish and Kip Thome for their ‘decisivecontribution to the LIGO detector andobservation of Gravitational Waves’. The Nobelcan be awarded to a maximum of three laureatesand they were the pioneers of the idea but it isimportant to acknowledge the cumulative effortof thousands of scientists and engineers from anover the world which were also a part of thisgame changing experiment, that opens newwindows to observational astronomy and

94


cosmology, leaving us with enormous amountsof ideas to explore.

But first things first: What exactly areGravitational waves?

Let’s draw out an analogy betweenelectromagnetism and gravity. We are aware thatwhen an electric charge is in an acceleratedmotion it emits electromagnetic waves: ripplesof distortion in the electromagnetic field travellingthrough space and time transversely, carrying anassociated energy with them, and interacting withmatter in its path.

Similarly, the source of gravitationalinteractions is mass. Thus, when a massaccelerates it loses its gravitational energy in form

Figure 1: Orbital decay of Hulse-Taylor Binary.The data points indicate the observed change inthe epoch with date while the parabola illustratesthe theoretically expected change in epochaccording to General Relativity.

Line of Zero Orbital Decay

General Relativity Prediction

Cum

ulat

ive

shift

of

peria

stro

n tim

e (s

)

Year

of ripples of distortion in the gravitational fieldtravelling, pushing and pulling matter on theirway, through space-time, carrying energytransversely, travelling at the speed of light invacuum.

Now, the gravitational interaction, as we knowis much weaker than the electromagneticinteraction (approximately 1038 times weaker),so consequently the energy carried by the g-wavesis negligible in comparison to the electromagneticwaves, making them extremely difficult toobserve. For instance, as the Earth travels aroundthe Sun in its curved trajectory, it emitsgravitational waves. But for the entire Earth, thatgravitational wave output amounts to a fewhundred watts, not enough to ever be detected.Our sun also emits gravitational waves just as itemits electromagnetic waves, but in comparisonto roughly 400 million trillion megawatts it emitsas heat and light, it only emits about 79megawatts ia- gravitational waves; again theamount is too low to be detected. Fortunately,we have much stronger and much massive sourcesof gravitational waves. One such source, whichwas discovered by aJoseph Taylor and RusselHulse, in 1974 was a binary pulsar i.e. a pulsarorbiting another star, which they were almostsure was a neutron star. The excitingmeasurement in this system was the observationthat the two stars’ orbits are shrinking at a rateof 1 cm/day. This shrinkage was caused by theloss of orbital energy due to gravitationalradiation, which is a travelling ripple in space-time that was predicted by Einstein’s GeneralRelativity Theory but never previously verified.Observations showed that the pulsar orbit wasshrinking at exactly the rate that general relativitypredicted it would, if gravity waves existed andwere carrying away the expected amount ofenergy. It was this result that lead theastrophysicists to be secure about theGravitational Waves and provided them with theconfidence required to go forward with directmeasurement with large detectors as LIGO.

95


LIGO Begins: The Origin Story!Starting in 1960’s American and Soviet

scientists conceived the basic ideas of LASERinterferometry detection of gravitational waves.In 1967, Rainer Weiss published his analysis ofinterferometer use, and in the next year KipThorne initiated theoretical development atCaltech. Many prototype interferometers wereproposed in next two decades, but they failed toacquire funding or to make any further progresstechnically. Meanwhile, in 1980's the NationalScience Foundation (NSF) funded a study in largeinterferometry lead by MIT, and Caltechconstructed a forty meter prototype. Underpressure from NSF, these premier institutes cametogether to lead the LIGO initiative. In 1994,when Barry Barish took over as laboratory direct,LIGO was told that it was its last shot at attainingfunding, but a revised theoretical, budget, aproject plan was successful in obtaining the greensignal and funding. The project, at 395 millirUSD, broke first ground in late 1994 and theconstruction neared completion in 1997.

Initial run of LIGO from 2002 to 2010 detectedno such gravitational waves. So, it was close forfurther advancements in the equipment,increasing its sensitivity by a certain orders ofmagnitude. It was not until September 2015 thatLIGO/aLIGO would begin the second phase.Simultaneously, an Italy based LaserInterferometer, VIRGO also started working in2015, actively to detect gravitational waves.

To the delight of involved scientists, it detectedits first signal on 14th September 2015, emergingdue to a merger of two massive black holeshaving 29 and 36 times the Solar Mass, whichmerged into a super massive black hole having62x Solar Mass, which happened in a corner ofthe universe 1.3 Billion light years away. Thislead to dissipation of gravitational energy, form

the merger, equivalent to 3 solar masses. Theseresults were published on 11th February 2016, inwhich LIGO Scientific Collaboration along withVIRGO collaboration confirmed the first directdetection of Gravitational Waves. As of now, tillNovember 2017, LlGO has announced four moredetection of similar signals.

TestMass

TestMass

(a)

TestMass

TestMass

LaserSource

SignalRecycling

Photodetector

100 kW Circulating Power

PowerRecycling

BeamSplitter

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 2: Simplified diagram of an AdvancedLIGO detector (not to scale). (a): Location andorientation of the LIGO detectors at Hanford,WA (Hl) and Livingston, LA (Ll). (b): Theinstrument noise for each detector near the timeof the signal detection.

The Anatomy of LIGO/aLIGOThe LIGO consists of two large

interferometers: one in Hanford, Washington andanother in Livingstone, Louisiana separated by10 milliseconds of light travel time (approx. 2400miles). Each primary interferometer consists oftwo 4 km beam lines orthogonal to each othercarrying a test mass to form a Dower recvcledMichelson Interferometer.

A pre-stabilized Nd:YAG laser source emits abeam of 20 W power of wavelength 1064 nm,which through a beam splitter sends the beam to

96


the two arms. By the use of partially reflectingmirrors, Fabry-Perot resonance cavities areformed in both the arms, increasing the effectivelength of the path travelled by light beam. Afterapproximately 280 trips down the 4km arms thelight beams recombine at the beam splitter. Theequipment is kept such that, these two beams areout of phase and interfere destructively and nolight arrives at the photo-diode.Now, when a gravitational wave passes throughthe interferometer, it disturbs the test masses inboth the arms, shortening and lengthening theanus by a very small distance causing the beamsto become slightly less out of phase, causingresonance and some light is detected at thephotodiode. The results from both theinterferometers were compared and analyzed to

be found similar, hence proving that themovement in the test masses were due to acommon distornon, not due to any seismic orhuman activity. Each of these test masses had anextremely sensitive sensors to monitor any formof motion up to one attometer (10–18 – 10–19 m).The sensors could measure a displacement of a10000th of a proton. This is equal to measuringthe distance to Alpha Centauri with a precisionof a hair strand. With this extreme sensitivity,came a drawback: the signal could be disturbedby smallest of seismic activity or even traffic! Tonullify the effect, the test masses are equippedwith active and passive damping measures. Activedamping works similarly to the noise cancellingheadphones; a sensor is attached to measure thesurrounding noise, and the computer informs thedevice to move in form so as to cancel the noise.Secondly, the system prevents any motion that isnot countered by the active system from reachingthe test mass. The test mass (the mirrors) aresuspended by a 4 stage pendulum called as theQuad. They are held by a 0.4 mm think fusedsilica glass fibers. Four vibration damping massesare present in the pendulum which absorb thevibration. The “Main Chain” side faces the laserbeam, while the “Reaction mass” side helps tokeep the test mass steady from noise notassociated with astrophysical sources. Thanks toInertia, the sheer weight of these masses alsocontribute to damp the vibration.

So any distortion measured in test mass isnow only due to distortion in space-time due togravitational waves.

Alright, so Einstein was correct; but whyare Gravitational waves so important?

Gravitational waves will usher in a new erain astronomy. Most of the astronomy done in the

Reactionmass

“Reaction Chain”Side

Metal masses(1st & 2nd

pendulums)

“Main Chain”Side

Penultimate mass(3rd pendulum)

0.4 mm fusedsilica fibers

Test mass(4th pendulum)

Figure 3: Schematic of Test Masses in theAdvanced LIGO

97


past has relied on different forms ofelectromagnetic radiation (visible light, radiowaves, X-rays, etc.), but electromagnetic wavesare easily reflected and absorbed by any matterthat may be between their source and us. Evenwhen light from the universe is observed, it isoften transformed during its journey through theuniverse. For example, when light passes throughgas clouds or the Earth’s atmosphere, certaincomponents of the light will be absorbed andcannot then be observed.

Gravitational waves will change astronomybecause the universe is nearly transparent to them:intervening matter and gravitational fields neitherabsorb nor reflect the gravitational waves to anysignificant degree. Humans will be able toobserve astrophysical objects that would haveotherwise been obscured, as well as the innermechanisms of phenomena that do not producelight. For example, if stochastic gravitationalwaves are truly from the first moments after theBig Bang, then not only will we observe fartherback into the history of the universe than weever have before, but we will also be seeing thesesignals as they were when they were originallyproduced.

The physics that went into the creation of agravitational wave is encoded in the wave itself.To extract this information, gravitational wavedetectors will act very much like radios—just asradios extract the music that is encoded on theradio waves they receive, LIGO will receivegravitational waves that will then be decoded toextract information on their physical origin. It isin this sense that LIGO truly is an observatory,even though it houses no traditional telescopes.However, the data analysis that is required tosearch for gravitational waves is much greater

than that associated with traditional opticaltelescopes, so real-time detection of gravitationalwaves will usually not be possible. Therefore,LIGO creates a recorded history of the detectordata. This provides an advantage whencooperating with traditional observatories,because LIGO has a ‘rev-rind’ feature thattelescopes do not. Consider a supernova that isonly observed after the initial onset of theexplosion. LIGO researchers can go back throughthe data to search for gravitational waves aroundthe start time of the supernova.

LIGO comes to India!In an effort to establish a worldwide network

of gravitational-waves detector for a moreeffective observation, LIGO has decided to buildone ofthe three Advanced LIGO in India. LIGO-India or IndIGO (Indian Initiative inGravitational-wave Observations) will be aninternational collaboration between LIGOLaboratories and three Indian institutes: Instituteof Plasma Research (lPR), Inter-Unversity Centrefor Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) andRaja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology(RRCAT). LIGO lab would provide the completedesign and all the key detector components.Indian scientists would provide the infrastructureto install the detector at a suitable site in Indiaand would be responsible for commissioning it.The proposed observatory would be operatedjointly by IndIGO and the LIGO-Lab and wouldform a single network along with the LIGOdetectors in USA and Virgo in Italy. Currently asite in the Hingoli district of Maharastra has beenselected, to establish the detectors.

The proposed LIGO-India project will helpIndian scientific community to be a major playerin the emerging research frontier of GW

98


astronomy. A major initiative like LIGO-Indiawill further inspire frontier research anddevelopment projects in India.

CONCLUSIONThe concept of gravitational waves and the

history attached to it not only reflects the geniusthat was Albert Einstein, but also the strugglesand processes of pursuing a radical idea. It shouldbe reiterated as many times as possible, thatalthough the Nobel might have been awarded tojust Reiner Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip Thorne,due to the technicalities that are associated withthe prize, but the results are due to the cumulativeefforts of scores of Scientists and Engineers thathave worked on this project.

These efforts have pushed us forward into theage of Gravitational Astronomy, which has thepotential to unlock most of the mysteries that weassociate with Astrophysics and Astronomy,leading to an astronomical surge of Cosmologicalknowledge in future. With LIGO coming to India,we can be assured of our research anddevelopment moving towards good and brightfuture!

REFERENCES1. B. P. Abbott et al, “Observation of

Gravitational Waves from a Binary BlackHole merger”, Physical Review Letters, PRL116, 061102, 2016.

2. J. M. Weisberg, J. H. Taylor, “The RelativisticBinary Pulsar B1913+16: Thirty Years ofObservations and Analysis”. Written at Aspen,Colorado, United States. In F.A. Rasio, I. H.Stairs. Binary Radio Pulsars. ASP ConferenceSeries. 328. San Francisco: AstronomicalSociety of the Pacific. p.25, 2005.

3. J. M. Weisberg, D. J. Nice, J. H. Taylor,“Timing Measurements of the RelativisticBinary Pulsar PSR B1913+16”. TheAstrophysical Journal. 722(2): 1030-1034,2010.

4. J. H. Taylor, J. M. Weisberg, “A new test ofgeneral relativity—Gravitational radiationand the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16”.Astrophysical Journal. 253, 908-920, 1982.

5. J. M. Weisberg, J. H. Taylor, L. A. Fowler,“Gravitational waves from an orbitingpulsar”. Scientific American, 245, 4, 74-82,1981.

6. LIGO Caltech: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/ligos-ifo

7. Ashwin Ramaswami, “Pulsars”,Encyclopedia of Science, Enscience, Archivedfrom the original.

8. LIGO India: http://www.gw-indigo.org/tiki-index.php?page=LIGO-India.

9. “A new LIGO gravitational wave detector tobe built in India by 2025”, The Hindu,December 21, 2017.

99


LIFE SKETCH OF OFFICE BEARERS, SECTIONAL PRESIDENTS ANDRECORDERS OF 107TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

Prof. K. S. RangappaGeneral President

Prof. Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa, born in1955, obtained his Bachelor, Master and Doctoraldegrees from the University of Mysore in Mysore.After completing his Ph.D. (1982), he moved toUniversity of Saskatchewan, Canada for a post-doctoral position (1983-85). He joined theUniversity of Mysore as Lecturer in 1986 andattained positions of Reader, Professor and theVice-Chancellor. In the meanwhile, he workedas Post-doctoral fellow/Visiting Professor atMiami University, USA (1990-92), PhilippsUniversity, Germany (1995), Kyoto University,Japan (1999-2000), Kobe PharmaceuticalUniversity, Japan (2005), Korea Institute ofScience and Technology, Korea (2002, 2014),University of Warsaw, Poland (2006), HokkaidoUniversity, Japan (2007, 2009), Seoul NationalUniversity, Korea (2012), Universite deMontpellier II, France (2012), Russian Academyof Sciences, Russia (2013), and University ofCambridge, United Kingdom (2013). In thesubsequent years, he became the Vice-Chancellorof the Karnataka State Open University (2009-

2013) and the University of Mysore (2013-2017),Mysore.

He has been awarded the D.Sc. degree by theUniversity of Mysore for his independent researchcontribution (1998). He is the Fellow of TheRoyal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), London andFellow of National Academy of Sciences(FNASc), India. He has made seminalcontributions in Bio-organic and MedicinalChemistry with special emphasis on the synthesisof natural compound analogs and decipheringtheir molecular mechanism in biological system.He has discovered inhibitors for pharmacologicaltargets such as Aurora Kinase, JAK-STAT, NF-ºB, PPAR-³, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, BAD, Tff3,Heparanase, EGFR, Bcl-2, PTP1B, HDAC6 andmethionyl tRNA synthetase. He has publishedmore than 450 research papers in national andinternational peer reviewed journals with 5800citations and h-index of 37. He has 10 patents inthe area of medicinal chemistry and drugdiscovery. 55 students have been awarded Ph.D.degree under his supervision and presently 07students are working for their doctoral degree.

Prof. Rangappa is a recipient of severalprestigious national and international awardsincluding Prof. Y. T. Thathachari prestigiousresearch award for Science (2007), Sir C. V.Raman Young Scientist Award (2006) fromKarnataka State Council for Science andTechnology, Bronze Medal (2006) in ChemicalSciences by Chemical Research Society of India,Prestigious Dr. Raja Ramanna Award fromKarnataka State Council for Science andTechnology (2011), Global e-learning award(2012) and Kempegowda International award forthe contribution in the field of Education (2015).

100


Recently, Dr. Rangappa has been appointed asChief Scientific Adviser to SinotarPharmaceutical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. He is alsoserving as distinguished professor and UGC-BSRfaculty fellow at the University of Mysore,Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Dr. Anoop Kumar JainGeneral Secretary (Scientific Activities)

Dr. Anoop Jain B.Ed, LLB, M.Sc., Ph.D. inZoology with Specialization in Endocrinology.He is Director of Schools in Farrukhabad, UttarPradesh. He was Advisor/ Mentor forimplementation of online educational System forNorthern India Schools under CBSE/ICSE foran Educational Company. Honorary EducationalDirector for Asia Pacific for US basedEducational Company in Wisconsin USA.

He has received Kanpur Rattan Award from “AllIndia conference of Intellectuals” at Kanpur alongwith present President of India Mr. RamnathKovind. He is elected as President of Jain Samaj,Kanpur. He is Secretary for Jain Mandir inAnandpuri, Kanpur. Chairman for very renownednon profit organization NGO Sw. Shree ParasDas Jain Memorial Society, which provides freeeducation and financial support to unprivilegedpoor students to achieve their future endeavors.He has published quite a number of papers inScientific International and National Journals ofrepute.

Dr. S. RamakrishnaGeneral Secretary (Membership Affairs)

Dr. S. Ramakrishna is presently working as aProfessor of Zoology, Bangalore University,Bangalore. He is having teaching and industryexperience spreading over three decades atpostgraduate level and various institutions. Hisresearch interest includes Sericulture,Cytogenetic, and Toxicology. He has alsoauthored more than 40 research papers in nationaland international peer reviewed Journals andpresented conference papers at national andinternational levels. He is in the Board of StudiesMember in Zoology for the various Universitiesacross the country. He was also the chairman forBoard of Examiners in Zoology of BangaloreUniversity several times.

Dr. Ramakrishna is the member of Board ofExaminers for various universities across thecountry and expert committee member for variousUniversities and Institutions. He has adjudicatedPh.D. thesis and conducted many Ph.D. viva voceexaminations of various Universities. He hasauthored two book chapters published throughone national and one international publishers anddelivered many invited talks at variousconferences at national and international level.He has successfully guided for seven Ph.D.scholars and right now six scholars are pursingPh.D. under his guidance. He is also life memberof various professional/scientific bodies. He hasbeen Convener, ISCA Bangalore Chapter from2015 -2016 to 2018-2019.

101


Prof. Sheo Satya PrakashTreasurer

Sheo Satya Prakash passed M.Sc. 1973examination of Patna University in chemistry withFirst Class held in 1975. He did his Ph.D. fromPatna University in 1983 with Prof. Amiya KumarBanerjee, renowned Inorganic chemists. HeJoined as Lecturer in chemistry in December 1975and became Reader in 1985 and UniversityProfessor in 1991. He retired as universityProfessor and H.O.D. Chemistry from A. N.College (P.G. Centre) Patna in February 2015 afterhaving teaching experience of 39 years (P. G.teaching 30 yrs. & U. G. teaching 39 yrs.).He has supervised six students for Ph.D. degreeand about more than a dozen have been guided byhim. He has twelve research papers published inInternational and National Journals, mainly in thefield of Alkali and Alkaline earth metal complexeswith Transition metal complexes as ligand. Hehas also worked in the field of AnalyticalChemistry and organo Metallic complexes.Prof. Satya Prakash has been associated with theIndian Science Congress Association from lastseveral decades. He has an opportunity to beelected as Sectional Members (two times) andRecorder in Chemical Science Section in 86th

and 87th Congress. He has been elected asCouncil Member in 98th, 99th and 100th IndianScience Congress. Chairing Session in ChemicalScience Section of ISCA at 92nd, 93rd, 98th, 99th,100th, 102nd, 103rd, 104th and 106th Congress.He Served as Convener of ISCA Patna Chapterfrom October 2015 to March 2019 and organizedSix National Seminar in different Places in Biharwithin three years.

He presented papers in convention of chemists,Science Congress and several seminar andsymposia. He attended and presented a paper at26th International Coordination ChemistryConference at PORTO (Portugal) in 1988. SeveralArticles in I.R. Visible spectroscopy, NMR EPR,Mass spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopyhave been presented in orientation, Refresher andSummer Institute programme.He has been associated with Indian ChemicalSociety, Kolkata as life Member. AwardedConvention Award (1985) in Inorganic Sectionof Indian Chemical Society and served asAssociate Editor for two terms in Analytical andIndustrial Chemistry Section,worked as Scientistin Charge in Industrial Chemistry Section andelected and served as Council Member of IndianChemical Society for two terms (2006-2010) and(2015-2017). He was elected as Vice Presidentof Indian Chemical Society (2017-2019).He is life member of several professional bodies.He was Visiting Professor of T. M. BhagalpurUniversity. Served as a member of ModerationBoard in B.R.A. Bihar University Muzaffarpur &T. M. Bhagalpur University and P.G.R.C memberof L. N. Mithila University, Darbanga, Bihar.

Dr. Umakanta BeheraPresident

Section of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Dr. U. K. Behera is born in a farmers family inrural village Binayakpur (Basudevpur) in Odisha,India on 21 June 1962. He got education at A.B.High School, Basudevpur, 1975-79; College of

102


Agriculture, OUAT, Chiplima, 1982-86;GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, 1987-89; and OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 1990-1993 for H.S.C., B.Sc. (Ag);M.Sc. (Ag); and Ph.D, respectively; ObtainedMaster in Business Administration in OperationsResearch from IGNOU, New Delhi, 2009 andPost-Doc. From University of Reading, U.K.,2002-03 and ZALF, Germany, 2012-13.

Dr. UK Behera is the first Dean of the Collegeof Agriculture (Central Agricultural University,Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya since January,2018. Before to this, he served as PrincipalScientist, Division of Agronomy, ICAR-IndianAgricultural Research Institute (IARI), NewDelhi.

During his professional career, he was awardedwith number of awards and recognitions i.e.Fertilizer Association of India (FAI) Silver JubileeAward—1997, ICAR Team Research Award—2002; Hooker Award—2009; Soil ConservationSociety of India - Gold Medal Award—2014.Gold Medal, Indian Society of Agronomy (ISA)—2016.

Dr. Behera received the Royal Society of London-INSA, New Delhi visiting Fellowship and DFG,Germany and INSA, New Delhi visitingFellowship for post doctoral research work atUnited Kingdom and Germany during 2002-03and 2012-13, respectively under scientificexchange programme. Besides, he also gotrecognition as Honorary Research Fellow,University of Guelph, Guelph ON, N1G 2W1,Canada.For his outstanding contribution toagriculture and leadership in Science, he hasdistinguished recognitions as Fellow of IndianSociety of Agronomy and Fellow of NationalAcademy of Agricultural Sciences.

Dr. Behera is a committed person for thedevelopment of vast farming community in the

country, mostly for the small and marginalfarmers. For this, he developed integrated farmingsystem model for livelihood security of smalland marginal farmers at OUAT, Bhubaneswar,IARI, New Delhi and COA, Kyrdemkulai(Meghalaya) which helped in enhancing/doublingthe small farmers’ income and attracted ruralyouth for entrepreneurship development. Dr.Behera is a front runner in promoting On-farmfarmers’ participatory research and technologydissemination and farming systems studies at theground level ( worked in 20 districts across thecountry).

Dr. Behera has a passion for the teaching andcontributed to teaching (> 15 years) as facultymember to both undergraduate and post graduatestudents. As Chairman of Advisory committee,he guided 15 national and international studentsfor Master and Ph.D. degree, who are highlyplaced in respectable jobs (ARS) at the nationallevel.

Prof. Prakash Chandra JoshiPresident

Section of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences

Prof. Prakash Chandra Joshi has been workingin the field of insect ecology and air pollutionsince last 30 years. He has extensively workedon insect fauna of Himalayan region including

103


Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Pindari forests,Askot, Mukteshwar and Rajaji National Parks,determining the role of insect fauna in sustainingdifferent ecosystems, status of insect pollinatorsas impacted by anthropogenic activities anddecline in oak tasar worm in the GarhwalHimalaya. He has published 122 research papersin journals of high repute and 06 books,completed 10 major research projects sanctionedby different funding agencies. He has beenawarded fellowship by British High Commissionand the BOYSCAST fellowship by DST, GOI tovisit many universities abroad. Visited 14 foreignUniversities not only to have collaborativeresearch work but to deliver invited talks.

He has been a recipient of award for best oralpresentation in a National Seminar, Gold medalof ZSI, Platinum Jubilee lecture award of ISCAin 2015. He has supervised 23 Ph.D. and 32 M.Sc.Dissertations till today. Presently 05 students areregistered for their Ph.D. After the establishmentof State Industrial Development Corporation inthe state of Uttarakhand, he started collectingdata on air pollution and its impacts in and aroundthe city of Haridwar. The findings have beenpublished in reputed journals and are being highlycited world over. He has continuously beenwriting in daily news papers on issues like lossof biodiversity, pollination, pollution and issuesrelated with conservation of environment ingeneral and creating awareness among masses.At present he is working as Professor, Dept. ofZoology and Environmental Sciences, GurukulaKangri University, Haridwar, besides he is Dean,Green Audit and Deputy Controller ofExaminations. He has also acted as Dean Facultyof Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and PhysicalEducation, Chief Election Officer to conductstudent’s union elections continuously during2015 to 2018 sessions, Superintendent ofExaminations(2012-14), Joint Superintendent ofUniversity’s Evaluation Cell (2014-18),Controller of Examinations and Registrar,Gurukula Kangri University on various occasions.

Dr. Suresh M. MakvanaPresident

Section of Anthropological and BehaviouralSciences

(including Archaeology, Psychology,Education and Military Sciences)

Professor and Head from since 1st April 2012,Department of Psychology, Sardar PatelUniversity, Vallabh Vidyanagar, District-ANAND-Gujarat after working as Lecturer inPsychology, Shah K.S.Arts & V.M.ParekhCommerce College Kapadwanj, Dist:Kheda-Gujarat from 18-08-’89 to 31-08-2005. He wasappointed at Department of Psychology, SardarPatel University as Lecturer on 01-09-2005 till31-03-’2009, after he obtained designatedPromotion as Reader/Associate Professor from1-4-2009 to 31-03-2012, Total 30 yearsexperience of teaching and research field at abovemention academic institution.

He worked as a 2nd Lieutenant to Captain of“28th Gujarat Battalion, Nadiad” in addition as aN.S.S. Programmer Officer same as institutionat Kapadwanj. Obtained Master, M.Phil and Ph.D.degree in subject of Psychology at Sardar PatelUniversity. His area of specialisatiom is Industrial,Social, Experimental and Organizational behaviorin Psychology. His Research developmentexperience includes 2 students is working positionand 21 students competed M.Phil degree. Total 7Students are working and 6 students awarded

104


doctoral degree under his guidance, 37th Ph.D.,research scholars thesis evaluated in differentuniversity of India and 14th Ph.D., researchscholar conducted Viva-Voce at differentuniversity of India, and UGC and other projectguided to research scholar.

He received Awards from different agencyincluding Best research paper of Sardar PatelUniversity, Scour Prize for research Paperpublication of National-organization-2007, bestresearch paper presentation on “IndianPsychological Association” Received PresidentialGold medal on 2013 at Department of PsychologyMagadh University, Bodh-Gaya and also 2016,under UGC Sponsored National Seminar atDepartment of Psychology, Sardar PatelUniversity, Vallabh Vidyanagar, District-ANAND-Gujarat.

He completed one orientation Course and threeRefresher Course in different university of Gujaratstate. He was elected member of SectionalCommittee in 97th Session, Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala and 102nd session of Indian ScienceCongress Association. 48 number of International/National/ Local State/Regional Level Conference/Seminar and Workshop attended. Published 48research papers in different reputed national andregional research Journals in the India and abroad.He has several chapters in books and deliveredlectures at different colleges, University, Ph.D.course work, Orientation/ refresher course.

He is Chief Editor of International journal ofIndian Psychology and International Journal ofSocial Impact. Life Membership of severalProfessional Bodies: Master of Arts, Commerce,Law, and MSW course Exam coordinator.Coordinator of ASHTA” Parivar organizations,He has successfully served in the Advisorycommittee of Indian Government, Department ofTelecommunication BSNL, G.O.I.

Prof. Diwan S RawatPresident

Section of Chemical SciencesProfessor Diwan S Rawat joined the Departmentof Chemistry, University of Delhi as a Reader inJuly 2003, and was promoted to full Professor inMarch 2010. He obtained his masters fromKumaun University, Nainital in 1993 and washonored with the merit certificate for securingfirst position in the University. He did his Ph.D.in Medicinal Chemistry from Central DrugResearch Institute, Lucknow. After completinghis Ph.D., he worked two years in aPharmaceutical Industry and did postdoctoralwork at Indiana University and Purdue University,USA. He was an Assistant Professor (2002-2003)of Medicinal Chemistry at National Institute ofPharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),Mohali, before joining University of Delhi in July2003. Prof. Rawat has published over 136research papers, authored a book, three bookchapters, and nine patents to his credit. His workhas been cited over 4050 times with h–index of39 and i-10 index 93. His work has beenhighlighted by Synfact and appeared in the coverof page of Tetrahedron Letters and ACSSustainable Chemistry and Engineering. He hasunique distinction of publishing his work in ninedifferent American Chemical Society journals.His research interests lies in the areas ofdevelopment of small organic molecules asanticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial and anti-parkinson agents and nano-catalysis.

105


Prof. Rawat is a recipient of CRSI young scientistaward (2007); ISCB young scientist award(2010); Prof. D. P. Chakraborty 60th BirthAnniversary Commemoration Award, IndianChemical Society (2007); VC‘s Pratik ChinhaSamman, Kumaun University Nainital (2011);Gold Badge and Diploma, International ScientificPartnership Foundation, Russia (2015); ProfessorRC Shah Memorial Lecture Award, IndianScience Congress (2015); Professor SP HiremathMemorial Award, Indian Council of Chemist(2016); and he is a Visiting Professor at JapanAdvanced Institute of Science and Technology(JAIST), Japan. He is Fellow of Royal Societyof Chemistry (FRSC) and CChem (London). Hehas supervised nineteen Ph.D. students.

Prof. Rawat is a national GLP auditor and amember of NAAC peer team. He is member ofproject advisory committee of Women ScientistScheme-A (WOS-A) Department of Science &Technology, Technological Intervention forAddressing Societal Needs (TIASN), Departmentof Science & Technology, InternationalCooperation Division (ICD), Department ofScience & Technology, and a member of UGCSAP of Kolhapur University and Guru NanakDev University, Amritsar. Prof. Rawat is amember of Board of Studies of MizoramUniversity, Kumaun University, Nainital, HNBCentral University, Srinagar, Jamia HamdardUniversity, and Gautam Buddha University,Noida.

Prof. Rawat is an Associate Editor of ScientificReports (Nature Research Journal), RSCAdvances (Royal Society of Chemistry),International Journal of Drug Discovery and alsoserves on the Editorial Advisory Board of Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, andMarine Drugs. He served as a Guest Editor ofAnti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry andCurrent Proteins and Peptides.

Prof. R. B. SinghPresident

Section of Earth System Sciences

Prof. R. B. Singh is Professor of Geography, DelhiSchool of Economics, University of Delhi. He isFirst Indian and Second Asian Elected SecretaryGeneral and Treasurer of the InternationalGeographical Union (2018-22), Earlier served asVice President, IGU during 2012-18; PresentlyChair: Research Council, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysoreand Member-CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow,Government of India; Member-InternationalScience Council (ISC) Scientific Committee-Urban Health and Wellbeing. He was invited byNational Disaster Management Authority(NDMA) to Chair-Task Force on LandslidesAwareness. Prof. Singh has specialized in LandUse, Environmental Studies, Climate Change,Urban Issues, Disaster Management, RemoteSensing and GIS.

He has to his credit 13 books, 34 edited volumesand more than 210 papers published in reputedJournals. He has supervised 34 Ph.D. and 80M.Phil students. In 1988 the UNESCO/ISSC(Paris) awarded Research and Study Grants Awardin Social and Human Sciences. He was invitedby UGC to prepare CBCS curriculum forUndergraduate Programme in Geography. He isalso Chair of the UGC prestigious committee forpreparing Learning Outcome based Curriculum

106


Framework in Geography since July 2018. Hehas been expert in the prestigious Committees ofthe Government of India-Ministry of Environmentand Forests, Department of Science andTechnology, National Disaster ManagementAuthority (NDMA), ICSSR, UGC and CSIR etc.He is invited by IAP-Global Network of ScienceAcademies to join Working Group for preparingstatement on Science and Technology for DisasterRisk Reduction.

He was awarded Japan Society for the Promotionof Science (JSPS) Fellowship at Hiroshima in2013 and Several Travel Fellowships/Support forparticipating and presenting papers, Chairingsession and discussing research projects in morethan 40 countries. He was also associated withprestigious international collaborative researchprogrammes and awarded Research Projects fromICSSR-IDPAD, CIDA-SICI, DFID and Ministryof Agriculture. He was also associated withNordic Inst. of Asian Studies, Copenhagen(Denmark) in 1998 and Visiting Professor fordelivering invited Lectures at the University ofTurku (Finland). He was as one of thecontributors in the famous-The World Atlas-EarthConcise, Millennium House Ltd., Australia. Heis Springer Series Editor: 1. Advances inGeographical and Environmental Sciences, 2.Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). He hasdelivered several UGC-CEC lectures related toSDGs, Disaster Risk Reduction andEnvironmental Studies, available on YouTube.

Dr. Asit Kumar DasPresident

Section of Engineering Sciences

Dr. Asit Kumar Das, born at Jhargram in WestBengal, is a Chemical Engineer and gold medalistin B.Ch.E from Jadavpur University in 1983. Heobtained his M.Tech in Chemical Engineeringfrom IIT Kanpur and Ph.D. from GhentUniversity Belgium.

He worked in Indian Oil Corporation R&DCentre, Faridabad for 21 years since 1985 indifferent position up to Chief Research Manager.In 2006, he joined Reliance Industries Ltd,Jamnagar and was instrumental in setting up theRefinery R&D Centre there. Presently he is theHead of Refinery R&D and Process Developmentin RIL R&D group and located mainly atJamnagar but also having office at RelianceCorporate R&D Centre in Navi Mumbai.

In a span of R&D career over 33 years, Dr. Dashas achieved successful commercialization ofmany innovative technologies. Most noteworthyis the INDMAX technology at Indian Oil R&Dwhich is now a world class technology andimplemented commercially in Guwahati Refineryand Paradip Refinery of IOCL. This technologyallows to produce high yield of propylene andLPG from low value refinery residues and is beinglicensed worldwide by McDermott LummusUSA, who are now designing several Indmaxunits for other Indian refineries also. At IndianOil R&D, Dr. Das had created a group of Process

107


Development team in Chemical EngineeringDivision, specializing in Fluidized Bed. His teamhad also served many Indian FCC units oncatalyst selection, optimization and hardwarerevamp, yielding substantial economic benefit tothe refineries.At RIL Refining R&D Centre, a group of about100 scientist and engineers, Dr. Das and his teamhave developed and commercialized many newtechnologies e.g. OFC2 (Olefinic feed co-cracking), EPR (Enhanced Propylene Recovery)and DSO (Disulfide Oil- Anticoking and Sulfidingadditive) etc. In DSO technology, a very lowvalue refinery waste DSO is converted to a highvalue additive substituting DMDS for use incracker as anticoking and in hydtrotreater assulfiding agent. This is being considered forimplementation in many Indian refineries as apart of “Make in India-GOI mission”. His workon Multizone catalytic cracking (MCC) for singlestep direct conversion of crude to petrochemicals,is in advance stage of commercialization at RIL.His another path breaking work on CatalyticGasification based on unique solid-solid catalysisis in the demonstration stage. Dr. Das has beenworking on key areas of sustainable developmente.g. continuous process of waste plasticconversion to oil, low cost CO2 capture process,advance C materials e.g. Needle coke andgraphite from refinery streams, CO2 conversionto chemicals and fuels etc.Dr. Das has more than 90 national andinternational patents and authored more than 70publications in reputed journals and has also co-authored 6 book chapters in FCC and refiningareas. He has guided 3 Ph.D. and 12 M Techstudents and delivered many lectures in nationaland international conferences.Dr. Das is a reviewer of many internationaljournals, is a member of Board of Studies inPDPU Ahmedabad, serving Vice President inSAEST (Society for Advancement inElectrochemical Science & Technology),Karaikudi. Dr. Das is recipient of many awardsand honors, most noteworthy are national awards

on successful commercialization of Indmaxtechnology at Indian Oil and DSO technology atRIL from Govt of India. His other major awardsare from DSIR, Indian Chemical Council, IIChE,FIPI, FICCI etc. His team is the recipient of HighImpact Innovation award from RIL in 2015-16.The DSO project has also won Golden peacockaward recently in 2019. Dr. Das is recipient ofprestigious VASVIK award in 2015.Among his other contributions to society, Dr. Dasis a social worker at root and helped in fundingand organizing merit scholarship for ruralstudents. He is also a motivational speaker formission oriented approach in life, especially onhigh impact useful applications of technicalknowledge for the betterment of society andmankind.

Dr. Ranbeer Singh RawalPresident

Section of Environmental Sciences

Dr. Ranbeer Singh Rawal (b. April 26, 1965), afloristic ecologist by training, has nearly thirtyyears of experience of conducting field basedbiodiversity research in the Himalaya. Born andbrought-up in a remote hill district of Pithoragarhin the State of Uttarakhand, Dr. Rawal obtainedhis primary and secondary education fromGovernment Schools near his village inGangolihat. Subsequently obtained Bachelor inScience (Biology) and Master in Science (Botany)Degree from Kumaun University, Nainital. In1991, he was awarded with Ph.D. degree inBotany from the same University for his thesis

108


entitled ‘Woody vegetation analysis along anelevational gradient (1600-3400 m) of upper Sarjucatchment, Kumaun Himalaya’.The initial experience gained from extensivesurveys in high altitudes enabled Dr. Rawal inimplementing an independent research project asDST young scientist on climate sensitivetimberline and snowline vegetation for the firsttime in Indian Himalaya. Upon his selection asfaculty at G.B. Pant Institute of HimalayanEnvironment & Development, Dr. Rawal asjunior-mid level faculty gained experience ondifferent aspects of conservation biology andcontributed for: (i) assessment of sensitive plantsand critical habitats, (ii) conservation priorityidentification, and (iv) promoting conservationeducation. He also underwent extensive trainingon ‘Regional Ecosystem Monitoring Technology’to learn contemporary techniques of researchesin Japan. Subsequently as senior faculty Dr.Rawal strengthened science management skillsto: (i) build team of field researchers, (ii) facilitateresearches of societal relevance, and (iii) developstate of the art infrastructure to promoteconservation outreach. He also developedmanagement skills to successfully coordinateMulti Country/Multi Institutional Internationalprojects. He has gained experience of organizingevents at global forums (2 events CBD - CoPXI; 1 event UNFCCC CoP XXII). Dr. Rawal’sresearch outcomes have been well recognized asresearch papers (Over 150) in highly reputedscientific journals, as books (15), Manuals (06),booklets (05). Also, he has supervised 12 Ph Dthesis.With his recent focus on landscape conservationand development Dr. Rawal succeeded inestablishing value of ecological intensificationfor addressing issues of food security, andimplemented stakeholder driven ecosystemmanagement resulting in augmentation of springwater recharge and co-benefits. Towardspromoting participatory conservation andsustainable use he has contributed fordevelopment of: (i) an innovative approach ofconservation education; (ii) Himalayan young

researchers forum, (iii) Nature Interpretation andLearning centre, and field demonstrations asschool conservation models and learning sites.

Dr. Rawal has represented India in severalinternational forums, including member for Indianscientific & technologists team for exposure inSouth Africa. Recently (March 2019) herepresented India in expert level meeting ofShanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) inBeijing. He is recipient of ICFRE Award ofExcellence, and ISCA Platinum JubileePresentation Award. As lead author for IPBESAsia Pacific Regional Assessment Dr. Rawalcontributed significantly.

Presently Dr. Rawal, as the Director of G.B. PantNational Institute of Himalayan Environment &Sustainable Development, is making efforts todevelop wider partnerships and collaborations toexpedite flow of R&D based evidences fordecision support on environment and sustainabledevelopment in Indian Himalayan region.

Prof. (Dr.) M. N. HodaPresident

Section of Information andCommunication Science and Technology

(including Computer Science)

Prof. Hoda is working as a Professor of ComputerScience & Director of BVICAM, New Delhi. Hehas over twenty five years of experience inacademics in different capacities. Prior to joiningthe academics, he has initially worked withcorporate as a Software Engineer. He is an expert

109


member of many board level committees of Govt.of India like DST, CSIR, MHRD, etc. He is amember of Academic Council of GGSIPUniversity, New Delhi, since last 13 consecutiveterms from 2006 and also served three terms asthe Member of Board of Management and oneterm as the member of the Court of GGSIPUniversity, New Delhi.

He is the Editor-in-Chief of International Journalof Information Technology and has edited morethan 20 volumes of Conference Proceedings, asChief Editor. He has co-authored many books.He has published over 100 Papers at bothNational and International levels, in the journalsand conferences of repute. He has delivered over200 Invited Talks, Key Note Addresses at differentacademic forums on various emerging issues inthe field of Information Technology andInnovations in Teaching Learning System. He hasorganized and conducted over 110 MDPs andQIPs for working executives in the industry andacademia. As member of different Committeesand Task Forces, he has facilitated more than adozen of Universities in overall restructuring ofIT and Computer Science programmes as wellas innovating and re-aligning their teachinglearning practices in line with the requirementsof the IT industry.He has been elected as the member of theNational Governing Council, The Institution ofElectronics and Telecommunication Engineers(ETE), New Delhi, for a period of three yearsfrom 2016 and is serving as the Chairman of itsTechnical Programme Committee. He has servedas National Chairman (Division-I) of ComputerSociety of India (CSI) for two consecutive termsfrom 2013-2017. Prof. Hoda was electedunopposed as the Chairman, Indian Society forTechnical Education (ISTE), Delhi Section for2012-2014. He has also served as Secretary –cum – Treasurer, ISTE, Delhi Section, for 2009-2011. He was elected un-opposed as Chairman,Computer Society of India (CSI), Delhi Chapterfor the year 2009-2010. He has also served asVice Chairman for the year 2008-2009, as Hony.

Secretary for two consecutive terms; 2005-2008.He was appointed as the Returning Officer forIETE Delhi Centre Elections 2012-2014 and2010-2012.He holds MCA degree from Aligarh MuslimUniversity (AMU), Aligarh and Doctorate inInformation System Audit in Computer Science.His current areas of research are InformationSystem Audit, Software Engineering, ComputerNetworks, Artificial Intelligence, ICTs andInnovative Pedagogies for 21st Century TeachingLearning System.He is a Senior Member of IEEE (USA), Memberof ACM (USA), Fellow of IETE, Life Memberof CSI, Life Member of ISTE. He was awardedOutstanding Achievement Award—2000 byManagement Studies and Promotion Institute,New Delhi for his outstanding achievement andcontribution to the field of Management andComputer Education in the year 2001 and theBest IT Teacher of the Year during 18th All IndiaManagement Congress in 2016 for his outstandingachievement and contribution to the field ofTeaching, Research and Institution Building.

Dr. S. SrikantaswamyPresident

Section of Materials Science

Dr. Srikantaswamy has made novel andsignificant contributions to Materials ScienceEnvironmental Earth Science, HydrothermalTechnique of Crystal growth, especially in thefield of Carbon Nanotube. His research ischaracterized by both novelty and innovation, and

110


has led to a substantial body of published workwhich has received extensive citations. His mostimportant contributions have been towards thesynthesis of new materials for Photocatalytic,Biological, Electrical, Optical etc. He has alsoworked extensively on Bioremediation of heavymetals in environment.

Dr. Srikantaswamy received his Ph.D. degree inGeology in the year 1989 and later 1994 onwardshe is working as faculty of University of Mysore.During 1994 to 2003 teaching work was carriedin Geology and subsequently engaged in teachingand Research in Environmental Science andMaterials Science, University of Mysore. Dr.Srikantaswamy actively taking part in thedevelopment of curriculum for the students andhe is working on various research works like thepollution problems of water, Solid waste andsediments by using emerging technologies.Dr. Srikantaswamy was invited to work as visitingscientist at Japan during 1998-2000 in TokyoInstitute of Technology and Research Institute ofSolvothermal Technology, Takamatsu, Japanwhich is one of the exceptional Research Institutein the world and worked on research work infield of Nanotechnology, especially carbonNanotube. He travelled widely and visit manycountries. Apart from the research activities ofhis own group, Dr. Srikantaswamy has developedseveral national and international collaborativeresearch programmes. At present he is theDirector of College Development Council,University of Mysore and also he is the Co-ordinator of M.Tech in Materials Science, Centerfor Materials Science and Technology, Universityof Mysore.Recently Dr.Srikantaswamy receivedProf.W.D.West Memorial Award—2018-2019 inthe 106 Indian Science Congress held at Lovelyprofessional university, Jalandar during 03-07January 2019 for the excellent research work inthe field of Experimental Minerallogy,Crystallography and Earth Materials. His researchwork especially on Carbon based material arehighly cited.

Dr. Srikantaswamy has completed four majorresearch projects of cost ~90 lakhs and twoongoing projects funded by UGC under UPE andCPEPA of ~ 75 crore rupees. Over 140 Researchpapers published in international journalsincluding one major Review in InternationalJournals. Over 05 book chapter and 04 bookshave published by him in the field ofEnvironmental science, Materials Science andEarth science. Fourteen research scholars havesuccessfully completed their Ph.D. and sixresearch scholars are currently pursuing theirPh.D. work under his supervision. He hasorganized many national conference/seminar/workshops and chaired national and internationalconference and seminars. Besides he haspresented more than 170 research papers invarious countries and delivered invited talk.

Prof. Shriram K. NimbhorkarPresident

Mathematical Sciences (including Statistics)Professor Shriram K. Nimbhorkar is retiredProfessor and Head, Department of Mathematics,Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,Aurangabad (Maharashtra). He. has completedM.Sc. and Ph.D. (Mathematics) from the sameuniversity.His areas of research are Algebra (in particular,rings with involution), Lattice Theory and GraphTheory. He has to his credit 30 researchpublications. Three students have completedPh.D. under his guidance and four are working.Heserved as a member of Board of Studies of North

111


Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and MaharajaSayajirao University, Vadodara. He is theTreasurer of the Indian Mathematical Society. anda member of the editorial board for the Journalof the Indian Mathematical Society.He delivered the Fifteenth Srinivasa RamanujanMemorial Award Lecture at the 70th AnnualConference of the Indian Mathematical Society,held at J. N. Vyas University, Jodhpur fromDecember 26–29, 2004. Professor Nimbhorkarwas awarded Open Arms Travel Grant by theInternational Mathematical Union to participatein the International Congress of Mathematiciansheld at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from August 1 to9, 2018. He has visited Russia for an academicvisit. He has also participated in ICM 2010 heldat Hyderabad, India. He has delivered invitedaddresses in many conferences.Prof. Nimbhorkar is a reviewer for MathematicalReviews (American Mathematical Society) andfor Zentralblatt Fur Mathematik (Germany). Hehas worked as a referee for many internationaljournals, including Discrete Mathematics, ARSCombinatoria, Kyungpook Mathematical JournalOrder etc.Prof. Nimbhorkar was sectionalrecorder (2006-2008) for the section ofMathematical Sciences of ISCA.

Prof. Deep Narayan SrivastavaPresident

Section of Medical Sciences (includingPhysiology)

He is Professor, Department of Radio-diagnosis,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A. I. I.

M. S.), New Delhi. He has more than 36 yearsexperience in teaching, research andadministrative works. He is also honorarysecretary of National academy of medicalsciences (India), working under Ministry of healthand family welfare, Government of India.He has published 170 research papers and bookchapters in both national and internationaljournals. He has also edited one book “Diagnostic radiology: Gastrointestinal &Hepatobiliary imaging”. He was awarded fewprestigious awards and fellowships like Dr. P.N.Berry fellowship for Advanced training in LiverRadiology at Queen Elizabeth Hospital ( NHS ),Birmingham,UK, Dotter Interventional RadiologyFellowship for Advanced training inInterventional Radiology at Dotter InterventionalInstitute, Oregon Health Sciences University,Portland, Oregon, USA, Fellowship of NationalAcademy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), NewDelhi, Life time achievement award of Indiansociety of Vascular and Interventional Radiologyand Fellowship of Indian College of Radiology& Imaging (FICR).

He delivered few prestigious orations like Dr. NG Gadekar oration of Indian College of Radiology& Imaging, Achanta Lakshmipati oration ofNational Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS),New Delhi. He is associate editor of Annals ofNational Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS),New Delhi and on editorial board of Journal ofClinical Interventional Radiology published byISVIR, India and few other reputed journals. Hehas presented more than 100 research papers invarious national and international conferencesincluding few prestigious national orators inconferences. He has also organized recently ajoint NAMS-INSA programme on health careneed of India. He has also organized few skilldevelopment training courses on cadaver to traininterventional radiology techniques to medicalstudents. He was also past president of IndianSociety of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.

112


Prof. Sudip K. GhoshPresident

Section of New Biology (includingBiochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular

Biology and Biotechnology)Dr. Sudip K. Ghosh is Professor and former Headof Department of Biotechnology at the IndianInstitute of Technology Kharagpur and is activelyinvolved in teaching and research. Dr. Ghoshobtained his Bachelor’s degree in Chemistrymajor from the University of Burdwan. He didhis M. Sc. and Ph.D. in Biochemistry fromKalyani University. He did his doctoral researchin molecular biology and biochemistry of plantat Bose Institute, Kolkata followed by Post-Doctoral research at Harvard University Schoolof Public Health, Boston, USA in the field ofMolecular and Cellular Parasitology andImmunology. He also has served as VisitingFaculty at Boston University School of Medicinein Department of Molecular Cell Biology for oneyear. He has also visited the University ofKentucky, Lexington, USA as UNDP-FAO fellowduring his doctoral work.During his Ph.D. he worked on Transformationand Expression of Foreign Genes in TransgenicPlants. Since 1995 he is working on protozoanparasite Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agentof human amoebiasis and its reptile counterpartE. invadens, as encystation model of the humanparasite. His laboratory uses molecular and cellbiological methods to study biochemistry, cellbiology, pathogenesis, and evolution of theseimportant human pathogens. The major goal ofhis laboratory is to understand the mechanism of

cyst wall formation. He has identified differentcyst wall protein components along with his co-worker. During this study, his lab has developedthe double-stranded RNA mediated gene silencingin E. invadens. His lab was also involved in theidentification of the enzyme nitroreductase,responsible for the activation of the prodrugMetronidazole from Entamoeba and otherprotozoan parasite Giardia lamblia andTrichomonas vaginalis. He has contributed to thecommunity based epidemiological study onintestinal amoebiasis in rural West Bengal.Currently, he is engaged in the development ofEntamoeba detection kit from human stool samplethrough IMPRINT program, Govt. of India.His other ongoing research activities are thedevelopment of marker-free Pod borer resistantChickpea and Pigeon Pea trough transgenicapproach and development of dominant nuclearmale sterility system in rice for hybrid seedproduction. Dr. Ghosh is also involved innanoparticle based drug delivery in cancer celland biosensor in collaboration with theDepartment of Chemistry.

Dr. Santhosh ChidangilPresident

Section of Physical SciencesDr. Santhosh Chidangil., Professor and Head,Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,has completed his M.Sc. (Physics) and Ph.D.(Physics) from Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi. Before joining Manipal Academy ofHigher Education, Dr. Santhosh worked in theSnow and Avalanche Study Centre (SASE,DRDO), Manali, Mahatma Gandhi College

113


(Kannur University), Iritty, Kannur and Academyof Medical Sciences (Kannur University),Pariyaram, Kannur.Dr. Santhosh has carried out – extensivetheoretical and experimental studies onconformational changes contributing tofundamental aspects of structure and dynamicsof several molecules of biological importance.After joining Manipal Academy of HigherEducation, he initiated in launching twospecialized masters programs (M.Sc. Photonicsand M.Sc. Nanoscience and Technology) and laterestablished two centres for interdisciplinaryresearch (Centre for Biophotonics and Centre forApplied Nanosciences) with the support of theuniversity administration.The Centre for Biophotonics has carried outextensive studies on biomedical application oflasers, interaction of bio molecular species withradiation, ultra trace analysis, ultra fast processesetc. His recent contributions include micro-Raman Spectroscopy combined with opticaltrapping of live cells, nano-particles toxicity oncells (stem cells, blood cells etc.) and interactionof ultra-short (Femt-second) pulses withbiological macromolecules, fabrication ofdiffractive optical elements for photonicsapplications, proteomics and protein profiling ofphysiological samples (early detection and stagingof diseases like cancer, which remain clinicallysilent over a long time), and development offluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy methodsfor the diagnosis of various forms of cancer. Thefemtosecond laser laboratory setup by Dr.Santhosh in collaboration with TIFR has beeninvolved in the research for the fabrication ofphotonics devices, tailoring of surfaces, diffractiveoptical elements etc. The Centre for AppliedNanoscience has involved in the fabrication ofnanomaterials for a variety of applications; suchas fabrication of SERS substrates, nanoimaging,nanotechnology based biosensing etc.He has designed, developed and extensivelytested a portable biophotonics device for in vivoscreening for the detection of oral cancer. Thedevice is getting ready for multicenter trial.Presently he is involved in the study detectionand discrimination of biological pathogens using

micro-Raman spectroscopy. Also associated insetting up a device for the remote monitoring ofhazardous materials using laser based techniques.Other area of interest are developing aninstrumentation for breath analysis for the earlydetection of female cancers, optical imaging ofblood components, body fluid analysis for themonitoring of markers for the detection andscreening of various diseases.He was a Regular Associate of the Abdus SalamInternational Centre for Theoretical Physics(AICTP), Trieste, Italy and an awardee of Dr.TMA Pai Endowment Chair for Biophotonics byManipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr.Santhosh Chidangil has more than 140 peerreviewed journal articles and more than 100conference presentations. He has successfullycompleted nine funded (Govt. funding agenciesand Industries) research projects and guided ninestudents for their Ph.D.s and several PostGraduate dissertations. He is a life member ofseveral science societies.

Prof. Y VimalaSectional President

Section of Plant SciencesY Vimala, born in August 1960, is Professor ofBotany, Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Dec.2018 onwards)and Dean, Faculty of Science (2016 onwards) atCCS University Meerut. She worked as Head ofBotany Department in the University during2009-2012 and 2015-18, and Dean, Students’Welfare during 2013-2019. She has brilliantacademic career receiving merit scholarships andattained first position throughout. She toppedM.Sc. Botany (1981), CCS University, Meerutand received University Gold Medal for the same.She pursued M.Phil (1982) and Ph.D. (1985) in

114


Botany from the Institute of Advanced Studies,Meerut University, Meerut under the supervisionof Prof. D Banerji. Earlyin her professional career,she was instituted M.S. Swaminathan and Sahni-Iyengar award for best published paper in Journalof Indian Botanical Society for the biennium 1983-84, and later the Prof. YS Murty Medal (1998). In1985, she visited Biological Research Center,Szeged, Hungary on a UNESCO fellowship. Thiswas followed by academic visits toCzechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia.

After 10 years as Lecturer, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, she joined the Department of Botany atCCS University Meerut as Reader in 1998, andbecame Professor in 2002. She has mentored 60M.Phil students and 28 doctoral students,published 69 research articles in peer reviewedjournals pertaining to Plant Physiology and TissueCulture, delivered invited lectures in India andabroad (including ICV-3 in China, at Kecskemetand Szeged in Hungary, Czech republic etc.), Executed R & D Projects sponsored by DBT,CSIR, DST, UGC and was twice awarded Centreof Excellence project awards for her Departmentby UP Government. She served Indian BotanicalSociety as Chief Editor of society journal (2007-till date), and organized several national/international scientific activities.

Her major scientific contributions include:Physiology of plant senescence identifying apossible biomarker for senescence, upscalingsecondary metabolites through optimalmanipulation of conditions for metabolite-enriched callus development and subculturesusing explants preferably from plants survivingon plant degraded soils, finding allelopathicrelationships between weeds and crops/cropweeds/trees, etc. for promoting sustainabilityof agroforestry. She is an elected Fellow ofIndian Botanical Society, Society of ReproductionBiology, Linnean Society of London, andMember, National Academy of Science India. Sheisassociated with pivotal administration at theCCS University, Meerut. As Life Member of

ISCA since 1991, she was elected as Member ofthe Plant Sciences sectional committee (2012).She delivered invited lectures, ISCA sessions in2004 (Chandigarh) and 2011 (Bhubaneswar). Shewas elected Recorder, Plant Sciences Sectionduring 2016-18.

Dr. Mausumi RaychaudhuriRecorder

Section of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Presently working as Principal Scientist in ICAR- Indian Institute of Water Management (FormerlyWater Technology Centre for Eastern Region),Bhubaneswar, Orissa. A National Scholar andearned MSc. (Ag) and Ph.D. (Ag) both thedegrees from Calcutta University in 1986 and1997 respectively.

Started with Soil and Land Use Survey of India(Formerly All India Soil and Land Use Survey),IARI, DOA & Co., MOA, GOI in 1990 as SeniorSoil Surveyor, and initiated the application ofGIS and Remote Sensing tools in soil surveywith several software applications to developclassified images and thematic maps. JoinedICAR in 1992 as Scientist and devoted 14 yearsof my early service in Manipur Centre, ICARResearch Complex for NEH Region, one of theremote areas of north-eastern part of India. Duringthis period she got an opportunity to address theproblems of the farmers through amultidisciplinary farming system approach anddeveloped technologies for amelioration andmanagement of acid soils for better crop

115


production and introduced Soil Health Card tothe farmers. Joined ICAR - Indian Institute ofWater Management in 2008 and presentlyworking on prospects of poor quality water usein agriculture, assessment of soil and land qualityon the basis of soil physical, hydrological,chemical and biological parameters, developmentof efficient irrigation and cropping practices underirrigated ecosystems to mitigate excess and deficitwater situations in the context of climate changeand also developed Decision Support system toassess the suitability of low quality water used inirrigated agriculture on food production inassociation with Bulgarian Scientists.Being associated with All India CoordinatedResearch Project (AICRP) on Irrigation WaterManagement sponsored by ICAR operational attwenty six centres located at differentagroclimatic region gained experience onassessment of surface and groundwater potentialusing modern tools like GIS and Remote Sensingas well as mathematical models and softwares,artificial recharge techniques for hard rock regionand alluvial zones, conjunctive use ofgroundwater and surface water/canal water undernon command /command areas and waterpollution. Use of poor quality water for irrigationand their impact on soil, groundwater, cropquality and human health under different agro-climatic region are being carried out through in-house as well as DST sponsored InternationalProject. Decision support system to assess theimpact of use of poor quality water is also aprime area of research. Also associated with‘National Initiative on Climate ResilientAgriculture’ Project where impact of climatevariability on groundwater recharge is beingassessed and groundwater is being used efficientlythrough integrated water resource managementand multiple uses as well as with NationalScience Fund project sponsored by ICAR fordevelopment of biological filtration system totreat wastewater for irrigation.Dr. Raychaudhuri has gained administrativeexperience as Joint Director i/c of ManipurCentre, ICAR Research Complex for NEH

Region and at present coordinating the activitiesof 26 centres of AICRP on Irrigation WaterManagement operational at different parts ofIndia. She is in possession of 130 publications, 3copyrights, six International visits under bilateralprogram, two Society awards, best oralpresentation awards, guidance to MSc. studentsand other R & D activities.

Dr. Randhir Kumar SinghRecorder

Section of Animal, Veterinary and FisherySciences

Dr. Randhir Kumar Singh is basically a Zoologist.He has 18 years of teaching and 21 years ofresearch experience. During last 21 years ofresearch he has worked on different aspects ofFish Physiology, Fish Heamatology, BiochemicalComposition of Fishes, Toxicology and mostsignificant being “Bioenergetic Modelling in anair breathing Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch).He has published more than 35 research papersin the Journal of National and Internationalrepute; Edited/Published 03 Books, attended overmore than 50 National and InternationalSeminars. He is recipient of many Gold Medalsand Fellowship of different Academic Societies.He is life member of many societies. He waselected Sessional Committee Member of theSection of Animal, Veterinary and FisherySciences for the year 2012-2013.He is also one of the Managing Editor of the“Proceedings of the Zoological Society of India”(an official Journal of ZSI) which is not onlyUGC enlisted Journal but also having NAAS

116


rating of 4.42.He has also delivered invitedlectures during National Seminar and ISCA. Atpresent, he is General Secretary (HQ) of theZoological Society of India.

Dr. Rajshree BhargavaRecorder

Section of Anthropological and BehavioralSciences

(including Archaeology, Psychology,Education and Military Sciences)

Dr. (Mrs.) Rajshree Bhargava (D.O.B. 8th, Jan.,1975) M.Sc. Home Science (Extension Ed.) Ph.D.(Psychology), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University,Agra. Diploma in Special Education (MentalRetardation) under R.C.I. (Ministry of SocialJustice and Empowerment, Govt. of India, NewDelhi. Presently she is the Founder Director,Consulting Psychologist and Special Educator ofwell recognized centre of Psycho-logicalAssessment, Guidance & Counselling name‘Samadhan Kendra’ established in 2000 underHarprasad Bhargava Memorial EducationalSociety, Agra and this centre is also associatedwith prestigious Institute, ‘Harprasad Institute ofBehavioural Studies’ Hardeep Enclave, Sikandara,Agra and the well known and highly recognizedorganization of Psychological tests nationwide,National Psychological Corporation, Agra, during17 years period She has made, ‘Samadhan Kendra’a reliable and trustworthy centre for psychological& educational services to the needy people, personswith different disabilities and individuals facingvarious of psychological problems. She has beenthroughout first class and topper at Master’s level

and also qualified state level eligibilities test(SLET) for lecturship in Home Science.She is actively associated with about 12professional organizations, participated in about35, Conferences, Seminars and Workships,organized about 15 Conferences and Academicprogrammes about 6 Workshop for the parentsand general people. She is also associated as amember of Editorial Board of many Magazinesand Journals, prominently Bhragu ManjariSouviner 113 Annual Conference of All IndiaBhargava Sabha, New Delhi. Joint Editor ofquarterly magazine Shikshamitra (0976-3406)since 2009 and Associate Editor of ‘Indian Journalof Psychometry and Education’ since 5 years.She has prepared and developed about five CD’sand Transparencies on various topics ofeducation, she has also developed andstandardized four psychological tools on CareerAssessment, Learning Disabilities and ADHDproblems. By now, she has edited and authoredabout 12 books of degree level and references.As a witness of her academic potential and highclass intellectual achievements, she has beenhonoured and awarded about 12 citations ofvarious bodies and organizations of fame.

Prof. Anand S. AswarRecorder

Section of Chemical SciencesDr. A. S. Aswar born on June 29, 1962 andpresently working as Professor & Head,Department of Chemistry, Sant Gadge BabaAmravati University. He obtained his M.Sc.degree in first class with third rank in order of

117


merit in 1986 and Ph.D. degree in 1989 fromNagpur University, Nagpur. He joined as founderfaculty in Chemistry department, AmravatiUniversity (then) during Dec 1991 as lecturerand then successively become reader andprofessor of chemistry during the year 2002 and2007 respectively. He has pleasure to work asIn-Charge for biotechnology department for briefperiod of one year. Prior to join AmravatiUniversity, he has also served as the faculty ofInstitute of science and Priyadarshini College ofEngineering, Nagpur for about 3 years.He has guided 30 Ph.D’s and 15 M.Phil studentsand 5 more are working. His research interestsare in coordination and solid state chemistry,catalysis, solvent extraction and molecularinteractions and published over 180 researchpapers in various national and internationaljournals of repute and also authored of two textbooks for B.Sc.III. Dr. Aswar is a referee forseveral scientific journals in chemistry as well asfor Ph.D. thesis of various Indian universitiesand has also worked on the panel of selectioncommittee in various universities, researchinstitutes and colleges. He has completed Majorand minor research projects funded by UGC.Beside his regular teaching and research he isalso interesting in popularization of scienceamong masses and he is founder president ofTeam to Restore Entire Environment ( TREE).He has organized more than 13 nationalconferences /workshops/seminars in various thrustareas of chemistry. He also conducted sixrefresher courses for college teachers and severalworkshops/seminar/symposia for up gradation ofchemistry syllabi in association with variousorganizations. He has delivered several lecturesunder teacher exchange programs at differentplaces and in various conferences / seminars/workshops in India and abroad and presided manytechnical sessions and worked as a jury also.Dr. Aswar is a fellow and life member of anumber of professional societies and served ascouncil member, associated editor and presentlyworking as scientist-in-charge for Industrial andApplied Chemistry Section in Indian Chemical

Society, Kolkata and Council member, ACT,Mumbai. Earlier also Dr.A.S.Aswar availed theposition of Sectional president of InorganicChemistry, Indian Council of ChemistsConference held at Patan, 2009. He has alsoworked as panelist in the panel discussion on the“Global Challenge’s –The role of Chemistry ingiving their solutions on 13th June, 2011 in ICCConference held at Bangkok. He has also visitedto KAUST, Thulwar, Saudi Arabia as a visitingscientist in 2011.Dr. A.S. Aswar is working in the Department ofChemistry, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati Universitysince 1991 and considering his significantcontribution and services, Amravat UniversityHonored him by Utkrushtha Seva GauravPuraskar during 1998.

Prof. Bindhy Wasini PandeyRecorder

Section of Earth System SciencesBindhy Wasini Pandey received his M. Phil andPh.D. degree in Geography from Delhi Schoolof Economics, Department of Geography,University of Delhi. He is currently AssociateProfessor of Geography at Department ofGeography, Delhi School of Economics,University of Delhi. He has to his credit 20 Yearsof Teaching and Research experiences, 08 booksand 70 research papers published in books andjournals. He has received Young GeographersAwards of NAGI (2000), Host and Travel Grantfrom United Nations University (UNU), Tokyoand International Geographical Union (IGU) 1996and 2000. He has also received UNESCO ParisYoung Scientist Financial Grant 2001. He has

118


received Shastri Fellowship of CanadianInternational Development Agency (CIDA) forthe project on Hazard Zone Mapping in HimachalHimalaya and British Columbia, Canada in 1995.He has to his Credit NASA (USA) FinancialGrants for Global Land Use Project 2010,International Council for Science ICSU) FinancialSupport for Our Common Future Under ClimateChange Conference, UNESCO Paris France,Centre for Mountain Studies, Perth College,University of the Highlands and Islands, CrieffRoad, Perth, Scotland UK Financial Support forMountains of our Future Earth’ Conference, Perth,Scotland, UK and Mountain Research Initiative,Institute of Geography, University of Bern,Switzerland Financial support to attend GlobalFair of Mountain Observatories and EuropeanCommission Financial Support for EuropeanGeological Science Congress Participation in 7th

EUROGEO Congress at Bologna, Italy He haswidely travelled and attended InternationalConferences and delivered lectures.Dr. Pandey is specialized in Marginality Analysisand Assessment in High Altitudes, MountainNatural Resources Conservation andManagement, Environmental Hazards andDisasters Vulnerability and Management. He isDeputy Executive in India for InternationalGeoscience Education Organization (IGEO).

Dr. Pankaj Kumar RoyRecorder

Section of Engineering SciencesDr. Pankaj Kumar Roy is Associate Professor inSchool of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur

University, Kolkata, India. He is an expert inHydraulics, Hydrology, Water Quality Modellingand Impact of Climate Change on waterresources. He has over nine years teachingexperience and provides valuable guidance toResearch Scholars of which seven has beenawarded. Dr. Roy has attended several nationaland international conferences. His publishedworks include one hundred forty-seveninternational reputed journals and thirty-ninenational reputed journals along with writing inbooks. His works have reputed journal reviewer.At present is the member of six Learned Societiesand received four awards national as well asinternational level. He is actively involved inteaching, research and consultancy. His researchinterests are primarily focused on water treatment,wastewater treatment and reuse, environmentalimpact assessment, monitoring and modelling ofwater pollution, geogenic pollutant scavengingetc. He has more than 100 publications in top-ranking International journals and is credited withcitations in Scopus.

Dr. Roy is a renowned technical consultant inthe arena of environmental engineering havingmore than forty five completed/on-going projectsof national and international importance to hiscredit. He has developed community basedarsenic removal unit (ARU) model for removalof arsenic through application of co-precipitationand adsorption mechanism appreciated the modeland intend to recommend the model for itsapplication nationwide in the rural drinking watersupply scheme in the arsenic affected villages.Based on the performance of the first four ARUsinstalled and commissioned in the arsenic affectedvillages in the district of Murshidabad, WestBengal, the Public Health EngineeringDepartment (PHED), Govt. of West Bengal hasexpressed its willingness requesting for providingtechnical expertise to up-scale the model forserving the bigger community (villages in cluster)in arsenic affected areas.

119


Dr. Priyanka PriyadarshaniRecorder

Section of Environmental SciencesPriyanka is presently working at ICFAI UniversityJharkhand Ranchi as an Assistant Professor. Herresearch interests include Microfinance,entrepreneurship, sustainability and ruraldevelopment. She has been working on GreenMicrofinance to explore the synergies betweensustainability and microfinance. She received theBest Poster award in the Environmental Sectionin the 104th Indian Science Congress held inTirupati, 2017. She holds an MBA from ICFAIBusiness School and Ph D from IUJ, Ranchi.

Dr. Ajay Kumar ThakurRecorder

Section of Information and CommunicationScience

Technology (including Computer Science)Ajay Kumar Thakur, received his M.Sc. degreein Physics with specialization in Radio Physicsand Digital Electronics and as well as also, hedid his Ph.D. degree on the topic “Generation ofTime Domain SC Networks and study of their

performance” from L.N.M.U, Darbhanga, Bihar.Dr. Thakur has published more than 50 papers innational and international journals and more than40 papers in National and Internationalconferences/ workshops/ seminars. He has alsopublished a book entitled- Synthesis andApplications of Nanocrystalline Materials”, Heis a member of editorial board of the IndianJournal of Research ANVIKSHIKI, bi monthlyInternational Journal of All Research, STMJournal of Physics and Editor in chief of weeklyScience International Journal, Solapur, India. Dr. Thakur is also a member of different researchorganizations / associations. Dr. Thakur isrecipient of Best Poster Presentation award in98th India Science Congress, 2011 held at SRMUniversity, Chennai, India. He has received Bestposter presentation award in National Seminar,Sponsored by University Grants Commission(UGC), New Delhi, Award of ExcellentPerformance for his contribution to research workand other extra activities at C. M.Sc. College,Drbhanga and several awards like Bharat JyotiAward” for meritorious services, outstandingperformance & remarkable role, “Glory of IndiaGold medal” for individual excellence inrecognition of sterling merit excellentperformance, Best Citizen of India Award -2013by International Publishing House, Delhi and BestTeacher Award by MTC Global, Bangalore -2017.Dr. thakur has taken 30th teachers trainingprogramme for community education. Severaltalks of Dr. Thakur have been broadcasted byDarbhanga Radio Station.Dr. Thakur has worked as Project Fellow in MajorResearch Project, in the Dept. of Physics ofC.M.Sc. College, Darbhanga, where he has workedfor the improvement of Broadband of compactdielectric resonator antenna in the area oftechnology innovation for the emerginginformation and communication technology (ICT)for socio-economic development. Currently, he isengaged as a faculty member in Mobilecommunication section of Community College,C.M. Science College, Darbhanga-846004,affiliated to A.K. University, Patna, Bihar. Hiscurrent research interest is in the field ofMicrowave technology, circuit simulations and inthe field of ICTs for greener and smarter devices.

120


Prof. Guduru PrasadRecorder

Section of Materials ScienceProf. Guduru Prasad obtained M. Sc. in Physicsfrom Osmania University, Hyderabad and Ph.D.from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.He joined as lecturer in Physics at St. Joseph’sCollege, Bangalore and then as lecturer inMaterials Science in Mangalore University,Mangalore.In 1989 he joined as Assistant Professor in Physicsat Osmania University, Hyderabad and becameProfessor in 2007. He has vast teaching experienceand a number of publications in national andinternational journals. He is a member of severalprofessional bodies and has been invited to deliverlectures in India and abroad.

Dr. Anil Kumar VashisthRecorder

Section of Mathematical Sciences (includingStatistics)

Dr. Anil K. Vashisth is presently Professor andChairman (Head), Department of Mathematics,Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. He has been

Dean Students’ Welfare; Director, K.U.P.G.Regional Centre; Associate Dean; Deputy Proctor;Programme Coordinator, Youth Red Cross andVice- Chairman, K.U. Cultural Council,Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. He wasborn on October 2, 1964. He obtained M.Sc.(Mathematics) in 1987 and M.Phil. (Mathematics)in 1988 from Kurukshetra University. He hascompleted his Ph.D. in the field of AppliedMathematics on ‘Effect of Loose Boundaries onWave Propagation in Porous Solids’ fromKurukshetra University in the year 1993. He hasa teaching experience of 28 years and researchexperience of 30 years.

He has done research work in the areas of Poro-Mechanics, Theoretical Seismology, SolidMechanics, Fluid Mechanics, DifferentialEquations and Wave Propagation in SmartMaterials. He has introduced the concept of looseboundaries in the studies of wave propagation inporous solids. His work on the formalism ofmultilayered porous solids, using transfer matrixmethod, has attracted many citations andapplications in the areas of sound absorbingmaterials and non-destructive techniques. He hasprovided a theoretical model to incorporateimperfect interfaces in the study of multi layeredporoelastic and poro-visco-elastic materials andcould obtained analytical solutions also.

He has established the constitutive equations forporous piezoelectric materials. It is a known factthat majority of the pressure sensors, i.e.,piezoelectric materials have a residual porosity.First time, a theoretical model to incorporate thisporosity of piezo ceramics, which are widely usedas sensors and actuators, was established by himin a study on ‘Vibrations of Porous Piezoelectricceramic plates’ and then on ‘Wave propagationin transversely isotropic porous piezoelectricmaterials’ in the year 2009. This work hasprovided a realistic model to study wavepropagation, vibrations problems and to study

121


crack problems of piezo ceramics. He has alsoworked in the area of numerical and asymptoticmethods to solve singularly perturbed differentialequations. He has published 50 research papersin International Journals and has published nearly30 research papers in National Journals andConference Proceedings etc. He has contributedto three edited books. He has been invited inmany national and international conferences andhas delivered 43 invited talks at the national andinternational levels.

He has successfully completed two researchprojects, one was funded by the DST, Govt. ofIndia and the other has been funded by the UGC.He has guided 5 Ph.D. theses 34 M.Phil.Dissertations. He has been Reviewer for manyInternational Journals and presently he is on thepanel of Editors of two International journals.He has served as External Expert on the Boardsof Studies of many universities. He is a lifemember of several National bodies. He wasconferred with Associate Fellow of InternationalAcademy of Physical Sciences recently. He wasoffered Post-Doctoral position at LaboratoireCentral des Ponts et Chausses (LCPC), Nantes,France in the year 2005. He has visited Belgiumand France on academic assignments. He hasattended nearly 62 International and Nationalconferences. He has organized Refresher Coursesand Conferences.

Besides this, Prof. Vashisth has undertakennumber of administrative assignments at theuniversity level. He has been member oforganizing committee in holding National andInternational programmes at the university. Hehas acted as a Nodal Officer, SVEEP programmeof Election Commission of India; Nodal Officer,Online Students Grievances Redressal Cell—UGC; Coordinator, recruitments and Convener,Students Grievances Redressal Cell, K.U.Kurukshetra.

Prof. (Dr.) Sujata Maiti ChowdhuryRecorder

Section of Medical Sciences (includingPhysiology)

Prof. (Dr.) Sujata Maiti Choudhury is a Professorin the postgraduate department of HumanPhysiology with Community Health of VidyasagarUniversity, West Bengal, India. She is the In-charge of Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinologyand Reproductive Physiology Laboratory of theabove said department. She graduated in 1984from Midnapore College, and completed M.Sc.in Physiology, in 1986 and M.Phil. degree inEnvironmental Science in 1988 from Universityof Calcutta, Kolkata. She was awarded ResearchFellowship in 1987 from ICMR, Govt. of Indiain the Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology,Jadavpur University, Kolkata. She started herindependent position as a Lecturer in theDepartment of Physiology, Midnapore Collegein 1990. She was awarded Doctor of Philosophyin 1995 from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. In2006, she joined in the postgraduate Departmentof Human Physiology with Community Healthof Vidyasagar University. She was also graced asthe Founder Director of Women’s Studies Centre,of Vidyasagar University (2010-2015).Teaching physiology along with biochemistry andcancer biology to undergraduate and postgraduatestudents has been a passion for her. She has beenExternal Examiner of M.Sc. Curriculum(Physiology) in Calcutta University, TripuraUniversity, Kalyani University, BurdwanUniversity, Vidyasagar University and NorthBengal University.

122


She is actively engaged in researches and herprimary focus of work covers Cancer therapeuticsand Molecular drug development with particularinterest in nanomaterial or nanocojugate andphytomedicine mediated drug fabrication;Toxicological studies on mycotoxin and syntheticpyrethroids and their remedial interventions. Shehas presented her research findings in variousnational and international conferences. She hasseveral International and national researchpublications in peer-reviewed journals. She hascompleted several major research projects andsupervised several Ph.D. thesis.Dr. Maiti Choudhury has been awarded TravelAward for 3rd conference of South AsianAssociation of Physiologists (SAAP-3), 2012,Colombo, Sri Lanka; ‘Shiksha Rattan Puraskar’—2012 from India International Friendship Society;Fellow award from Society for AppliedBiotechnology, India in 2012; A. K. MukherjeeOration award from The Physiological Societyof India (PSI), 2016;) and as ‘Exchange VisitorResearcher’ in Central Michigan University in2018. Dr. Maiti Choudhury has organized severalseminars, workshops, science exhibitionsinvolving the students for elevating scientificaptitude and knowledge among students andcommon peoples.

Dr. Sandipan ChatterjeeRecorder

Section of New Biology (includingBiochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular

Biology and Biotechnology)

Dr. Sandipan Chatterjee, is basically an Organicchemist, he has 19 years of research experience

in the interfacial area of Organic Chemistry,Biological Chemistry, Waste utilization andEnvironmental chemistry. He is currently workingas a scientist at Kolkata Regional centre of CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI). Priorto joining CLRI, he has worked as an AssistantProfessor at Lovely Professional University(LPU), Jalandhar. Before that, he has workedNational Botanical Research Institute as a quickhire scientist fellow on GC-MS/NMR/LC-MSbased metabolic profiling of plant and plantproducts to ascertain the quality of the plantproducts and to apprehend system biology of aplant in various stressed conditions.

Before joining to CSIR-NBRI Dr. Sandipan hasworked as a Post-doctoral Research Fellow atthe National Changhua University of Educationunder Prof. Hon Man Lee. Prior to that, he hasworked a few months in Dabur Pharma (DRF) inprocess chemistry division in the area of processdevelopment of generic anticancer drugmolecules. Before joining DRF he has workedas a researcher at Organic Chemistry division ofIndian Institute of Science (IISC), Bangaloreunder the supervision of Prof. Govardhan Mehtain the development of complex natural productsynthesis. Prior to joining IISC he has completedhis Ph.D. with Prof. B. P. Chatterjee and Prof. A.K. Guha at Indian Association for the Cultivationof Science (IACS). His Ph.D. work comprisessustainable production of carbohydrate NaturalPolysaccharides Chitosan utilizing industrialwaste and its application. Till date, Dr. Sandipanhas published 22 international research paperswith av. Impact factor 3.5± with total no. ofcitation ~1700. His current (2019) H-index is 16as calculated by Google scholar.

123


Dr. Vineet Kumar RaiRecorder

Section of Physical SciencesDr. Vineet Kumar Rai S/o Late Dhirya Nath Rai;resident of village & post-Sathiaon, District-Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, passed B. Sc. & M.Sc.in first division from Postgraduate Shibli NationalCollege, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. He hasqualified the National Eligibility Test (NET) inPhysics conducted by CSIR, New Delhi in 2001.He did Ph.D. from Banara Hindu University(BHU) under the supervision of well knownSpectroscopist & Professor Dr. Shyam BahadurRai. He worked as a Research Associate atDepartment of Physics, BHU and a Post DoctoralFellow at Departamento de Fisica, UFPE, PE –Brasil under a CNPq program by BrazilianGovernment.Currently, Dr. Rai is working as an AssociateProfessor at Department of Applied Physics,Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School ofMines), Dhanbad. His current area of researchinterest is on synthesis and opticalcharacterization of lanthanide doped glasses &nanophosphors/nanomaterials and their wideapplications in temperature sensing, LEDs, opticaldevices, biological fields, upconverters, opticalnano heater, etc. He is familiar with handling ofvarious sensitive and sophisticated equipments.He has delivered talks at different academicplaces and organized various professionalacademic activities like, conferences, trainingprograms, etc. He is member/life member in thejournal editorial board and various academicsocieties. He has research interactions with

various research & academic institutions in Indiaand abroad. He has been awarded as OutstandingJAP Author for the research contribution andRecognized Reviewer Status in recognition ofthe review made for journal by different reputedjournals viz. ACS, Materials Research Bulletin,Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,etc. The interesting results obtained from hisresearch group serve the purpose of thetemperature sensor, fluorescence labeling,bioimaging, fingerprint detection, opticalbistability, optical nano heater, etc.Dr. Rai has published more than 130 researchpapers of international repute in internationaljournals, several book chapters & papers inconference proceedings and participated innumber of national/international conferences. Byhis research contributions Dr. Rai has given anew direction to the scientific community. Dr.Rai is having total citations of more than 2900,h-index-30 and i10 index-78 (as per the googlescholar citation report 2018). He has beenawarded by Bharat Shiksha Ratan Award in 2013,by GSHEG, New Delhi and Canara BankResearch Publication Award for the recognitionof excellence in research in 2015 & 2016 at IIT(ISM), Dhanbad.

Prof. Sunil Kumar ChaturvediRecorder

Section of Plant SciencesProd Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi, was born on 10th

July, 1955 in Mainpuri district of Uttar Pradesh.After obtaining B.Sc. and M.Sc. (Botany) degreefrom Allahabad University in 1974 and 1976

124


respectively, he obtained D.Phil. degree in Botanyin 1984 from Allahabad University. He wasselected as young Scientist of DST, Govt. of Indiafor 1985 to 1987 and 1988 to 1990. In 1996appointed as Research scientist of DST, Govt. ofIndia, New Delhi and in 1997 he joined the postof Reader in the Department of Botany, NagalandCentral University, Lumami, Nagaland, and waspromoted to the post of Professor of Botany inthe year 2007. He was selected for “Best TeacherAward 2001”, by the Post Graduate StudentUnion, Nagaland University. In the year 2012 hejoined Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, (ACentral University) as Professor of Botany onlien for three years and taken over as Dean LifeSciences in 2013. In November 2015, he returnedto Nagaland University as Professor of Botanyand in February 2016 he was appointed as Dean,Research development and Consultancy (Dean,RDC) in Nagaland University, Lumami. In theyear 2009, Dr. Chaturvedi was appointed as Dean,Student welfare, Nagaland University, Lumami..

Prof. Chaturvedi is Fellow of six ScientificSocieties ( FBS, FBRS, FIAT, FBSA, FISPRB,FEHST) and life members of twelve Nationaland International scientific Societies. He hasCompleted eleven Research Projects, Participatedin 88 National and International Conferences andpresented research Papers. He has been Invitedto deliver lectures at National and Internationalconferences and Refreshers/orientation courses.He is having research and teaching experience inthe field of plant morphology, anatomy andembryology of spermatophytes. He was conferredwith the best paper Presentation award atconference held at PUSA, New Delhi, India, in2014. He was invited to deliver Professor R.P.Singh memorial lecture at Botanical Survey ofIndia, Eastern Circle, Shillong (Meghalaya),during the Annual Conference of EHSST heldfrom March 8-9, 2018.

Prof. Chaturvedi has published 65 research papersin National and International Journals, 21 research

papers in edited books, 3 popular articles andone book. For his contributions in the field ofFlora biology/ Pollination biology of IndianAsclepiads and Orchids, Dr. Chaturvedi wasconferred with five Gold Medals, including Y.S.Murthy award medal 1991 and Professor S.C.Maheshwari medal 2016, of Indian BotanicalSociety. So far six students have been awardedPh.D. degree and eight students are enrolled forPh.D. degree under his supervision. He waselected member of sectional committee of PlantSciences of ISCA for 2004-2005. He wasNominated member of SSC (IUCN) from 2009-2012. He is selected reviewer in various reputedNational and International journals.. He waselected member of executive committee of IndianBotanical Society from 2004-2007 and 2011-2014. He has visited abroad seven times inconnection with his research work. He was Head,Department of Botany and Chairman of BPGSand BUGS, Nagaland University for 10 years 3months and HOD, Botany at GGV, Koni, Bilaspurfor 3 years. He was Coordinator SAP- DRS I &DRS II from 2004-2009 and 2009-2012respectively, at Nagaland University Lumami.

Dr. Chaturvedi was appointed Director, IQAC,Nagaland University, Lumami, from 2011-2012.He was Director, centre for Biodiversity study,Nagaland University, 2005 -2010. He wasappointed Nodal officer of AYUSH for Nagalandstate in 2009. He was appointed Group leader ofBotany for DBT BUILDER programme worthRs. 4.68 crores, at GGV, Koni, Bilaspur (CG).Time to time worked as VC in-charge NagalandUniversity. His field of research is Conservationand Reproduction biology of Plants with specialemphasis on Pollination Biology. He is the firstIndian to work on Pollination biology of Orchidsof North-East India. He is pioneer in field ofstudies in Pollination biology of Indian Asclepiadsand has made a video film on pollination of IndianAsclepiads.

125


University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore,a premier institution of agricultural

education and research in the country, began asa small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30acres of land at Hebbal, Bengaluru, donated byHer Excellency Maharani Kempa NanjammanniVani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent ofMysore. This developed into a Residential Schoolin 1913 at Hebbal which offered “Licentiate inAgriculture” and diploma in agriculturefrom1920; this School was upgraded toAgriculture College in 1946 which offering adegree programs in Agriculture. The Universityof Agricultural Sciences (UAS – B) patternedafter the Land Grant College system of USA wasestablished in 1963 through an Act of Legislature.

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE

KNOW THY INSTITUTIONS

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE

Inaugurating the University on 21 August 1965Dr. Zakir Hussain set forth the lofty objectives ofthe university in the following words: “By bringingabout significant improvement in every phase ofrural life, by much needed change in methods ofproduction, by influencing the whole outlook ofthe rural community and rural home, by givingthem a new vision and new hope, this Universitywill be able to make great contribution to nationalwelfare”.

The university at it inception had Colleges ofAgriculture at Hebbal (Bangalore) and Dharwad,the Veterinary College at Hebbal and 35 Researchstations located in different parts of the state. In1969 a College of fisheries at Mangalore and anAgricultural Engineering Institute at Raichur wereadded. This was followed by the addition of

126


Home Science College at Dharwad and Collegeof Post-Graduate Studies at Hebbal. Over theyears the monolithic State Agricultural Universitywas carved out into several universities to meettwin objective of the growing needs of agricultureand allied sectors and ruralization of highereducation in agricultural sciences.

The University of Agricultural Sciences,Dharwad was established in 1986, followed byKarnataka veterinary Animal and FisherySciences University, Bidar in 2004; Universityof Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot in 2010 andUniversity of Agricultural and HorticulturalSciences, Shimoga in 2013. The University ofAgricultural Sciences-Bangalore had ten southerndistricts of Karnataka under its jurisdiction.

EDUCATIONThe University currently offer six Under-

Graduate Degree programs in Agriculture,Sericulture, Food Technology, AgriculturalMarketing & Cooperation, Agri-Biotechnologyand Agricultural Engineering and Master’sDegree programme in 22 disciplines and Doctoraldegree programme in 15 disciplines across itsfive campuses in Bengaluru, Hassan, Chintamani,Mandya and Chamarajanagara. The Universityalso offers Diploma and Certificate courses tomeet the human resource needs of technology,services, marketing and extension in agricultureand allied sectors. The curriculum in all academicprogrammes in dynamic and backed byUniversity’s five decades of experience in highereducation.

RESEARCHOver the past six decades, UASB has

developed several locally relevant productiontechnologies that have substantially enhanced

farm productivity in the state and beyond. In lessthan half a century, UAS-B has released over200 varieties in diverse crops. The major flagbearers of these are unique varieties in fingermillet (ragi), pigeonpea, groundnut, cowpea,sugarcane and hybrids in paddy, sunflower &maize. Production technologies developed forDry land Agriculture have helped to stabilizefarm productivity even in rain sparse years.

EXTENSIONThe University has a well established outreach

wing that is in the forefront of transfer to newtechnology to the farmers and all the stake-holders including the officers of the StateDepartment of Agriculture. The University hasseven Krishi Vignana Kendras under itsjurisdiction besides an Extension Education Unit,Agricultural Technology Information Centre,Farmers’ Training Institute, a Bakery TrainingUnit, a Communication Centre and a StaffTraining Unit. The extension activities of theUniversity have also served to identify problemsof farmers and help in prioritizing research atthe University.

INSTITUTIONAL AWARDS /RECOGNITIONS

The University has been recognized by severalawards and refcognitions for its achievements ineducation, research and extension programmes.

• Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR InstitutionAward – 2001 & 2012

• One among the three SAUs awardedPURSE by DST

• The University is the highest recipient ofDST-FIST Grants next only to IISc,Bengaluru

• Two ICAR Niche Area of Excellenceprogrammes

127


• Advance Centre for Drought Research(DBT)

• National Productivity Council Awards -Kabbalanala Model Watershed, MittemariModel Watershed and Bakery TrainingUnit

• ICAR Best KVK Awards: 3 times

• Chaudhary Devi Lal Outstanding AICRPAward

• Environmental Excellence Award - 2012by KSPCB

• NSS Best University Award

• National Education Award 2017

• AICRP on Agro- Meteorology - Best centerduring 2017-18

SPORTS & CULTUREThe University has a strong support system to

encourage co-curricular activities for overallpersonality development. Students on their part,have excelled in sports and cultural activities bydancing and leaping their way to championshipsat the national level.

COLLABORATIONSThe UASB has entered into academic and

research collaborations with several internationalinstitutions; of them following are the importantones.

• Georg-August-University, GottingenStating, Wilhelmsplatz, Germany

• Purdue University, College of Agriculture,West Lafayette, Indian, USA

• University of Kassel & Gottingen,Germany

• Western Sydney University, Australia

• Ghent University, Belgium

• The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG), Germany

• Kirkhouse Trust SCIO, Long Hanbirough,Oxfordshire, UK

• Chiba University, Japan

• Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Mexico

• International Centre for Research inAgroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya

• East African Seed (U) Ltd. Kampala,Uganda

• Ministry of Higher Education, Govt. ofIslamic Republic of Afghanistan

• Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.

• International Atomic Energy (IAEA),Vienna.

CONTACT :Dr. S. Rajendra Prasad

Vice-ChancellorUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK,Bengaluru-560 065Ph. 080-23332442, 080-23330153 (Ext. 265 &266)FAX: 080-23330277E-mail:[email protected]

[email protected]

128


CONFERENCES/MEETINGS/SYMPOSIA/SEMINARS

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATEPSYCHIATRY, 14-17 NOV 2019, MUMBAITopics :

• CD - Recent Advances• Polypharmacy in Schizophrenia• Bollywood Movies in Office Psychotherapy• Running a Private Rehabilitation Centre-Challenges• Migraine - what psychiatrists must know• Sleep Disorders - Recent Advances• Setting Up Effective Child Guidance Clinics• Spiritually Augmented CBT• Borderline Personality Disorder• Neuro-Radiology Case Based Discussion

• Anxiety Disorders - New Paradigms• L-Carnosine in Psychiatry• OCD - Polypharmacy• Smoking Cessation Therapy - Recent Advances• Depot Preparations in Substance Abuse• Cognitive Enhancers in Clinical Practice• Vitamins and Psychiatry• Diet, Nutrition and Psychiatry• Yoga and Psychiatry• Arts Based Therapy

Contact :

Organising Secretary, Dr. Avinash De Sousa, Email: [email protected] Cell: +91 9820696828:1001, 10th Floor, Sunteck Grandeur, SV Road, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400058, Tel:+912261053811 /34 Email: [email protected]

INTERNATIONAL AND INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE CONGRESS, 18-20OCT, PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARHSUB THEMES:

• Peace Psychology• AYUSH: Ancient Mechanism of Well Being• Sports Science and Well Being• Anthropology and Well being• India International NGOs : Grass root Agents

of Well Being• Disaster psychology• Developmental Psychology• Military Psychology• Geriatric Psychology• Health psychology

• Trauma and Crisis across Age and Culture• Criminal and Forensic Psychology• Community & Health Psychology• Environmental Psychology• Gender Psychology• Counselling Psychology• Behavioural Economics• Organizational Psychology• Special Education• Positive Psychology• Spirituality and Religiosity• Clinical Psychology

Contact :Email: [email protected]; Web Link: http//:www.napsindia.org

129


EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS(ICAS-VIII), 18-21 NOVEMBER 2019, NEW DELHITheme: Statistics for Transformation of Agriculture to Achieve the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs)

Topics:

1. Data Analysis / Data Integration2. Data Sources / Data Collection/ Data Quality3. Data Dissemination & Communication4. Use of statistics for policy making & research5. Food Security, Poverty, Rural Development and

Social Dimensions of Agriculture6. Sustainable Agricultural Production and Consumption

7. Natural Resource use in Agriculture8. Climate Change and Environmental Issues9. Social Protection and Risk Mitigation

Measures in Agriculture10. Capacity building in Agricultural Statistics11. Monitoring the SDGs12. Other

Contact :ICAS VIII, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012Phone: +91 11 2584 1479; Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS & SMARTTECHNOLOGIES, 13-14 DEC, 2019, REVA UNIVERSITY, BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

Topics:

• High Speed Networking and Information Security

• Artificial Intelligence

• Expert Systems

• Gaming and Animation

• Genetic Algorithms

• Image Processing

• Fuzzy and Soft Computing

• Data Engineering

• Virtual Reality

• Wireless Communications

• Smart City

• Intelligent Resource Management

• Smart Grid

• Embedded Systems

• Mobile App Development

• Smart Healthcare

• Smart Vehicles

• Intelligent Transportation

• Ambient Intelligence

• Robotics and Computer Vision

• Theoretical Computer Science

• Machine Learning

• High Performance Computing

Contact :

Dr. Vishwanath R. Hulipalled, [email protected] :+91 9448239726 https://reva.edu.in/icacst-2019/

130


S&T ACROSS THE WORLDEATING A LOT OF FIBER COULDIMPROVE SOME CANCERTREATMENTS

What you eat can affect how well immunetherapies work against cancer. High-fiber dietsmay change gut microbes and make thesetherapies more effective, but taking probioticscould do the opposite.Researchers looked at people with melanomaskin cancer who were getting a kind of immunetherapy called PD-1 blockade or checkpointinhibition (SN: 10/27/18, p. 16). Those who atea high-fiber diet were five times as likely tohave the therapy halt the growth of or shrinktumors as those on diets low in fiber, researchersreported February 27 in a news conference heldby the American Association for Cancer Research.High-fiber diets seem to foster a more diversecollection of gut microbes, which is associatedwith better outcomes from PD-1 blockadetherapy, said Christine Spencer, a researchscientist at the Parker Institute for CancerImmunotherapy in San Francisco. But probioticsupplements — pills or food supplements thatare supposed to contain helpful bacteria —actually reduced the diversity of microbes incancer patients’ guts, the researchers found.Only about 20 to 30 percent of cancer patientssee their tumors stop growing or shrink with PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. Spencer andcolleagues had previously determined thatbacteria in the Ruminococcaceae family seem toimprove responses to the treatment, but theresearchers didn’t know why some people havemore of those helpful bacteria than others.

Diet is one way to change a person’s microbiome,the collection of bacteria, fungi and other microbesthat live on and in the body (SN: 5/30/15, p. 18).So Spencer and colleagues at MD AndersonCancer Center in Houston surveyed 113 peoplewith melanoma about their diets, including use ofprobiotics, and collected fecal samples from eachparticipant.The 46 patients who consumed the highest amountof fiber in their diets, including fruits, vegetablesand whole grains, tended to have more of thebacteria associated with a response to the immunetherapy, the team found. And, in fact, those patientstended to get a positive effect from the therapy.Participants who ate more processed meat andexcess sugar had fewer of those bacteria, andtheir tumors were more likely to grow despiteimmune treatment.More than 40 percent of patients said they weretaking probiotics. Those people had lower gutmicrobe diversity than people who didn’t take thesupplements. “A lot of people have perceptionsthat probiotics will have health benefits, but thatmight not be the case for cancer patients,” Spencersaid.She and her colleagues will present more datafrom the study, including on probiotics’ effect onimmune therapy, on April 2 in Atlanta during thecancer research association’s annual meeting.The new work adds to a growing number ofrecent studies that have hinted that probiotics maynot offer the health benefits doctors and patientshave hoped for.While the data are preliminary, the study suggeststhat there may be ways to improve immunotherapyfor cancer patients, says Cynthia Sears, aninfectious diseases specialist at Johns HopkinsUniversity School of Medicine. “It’s intriguingand should definitely be followed up,” she says.

131


Many studies have linked high-fiber diets todecreased cancer risk and other healthimprovements. Even if eating more fruit andvegetables doesn’t boost immune therapy’seffectiveness, Sears says, “the upside is you’reprobably not hurting anyone with a high-fiberdiet.”Source : https://www.sciencenews.org, Vol. 195,No. 6, March 30, 2019, p. 12.

THE KILOGRAM JUST GOT AREVAMP. A UNIT OF TIME MIGHT BENEXT

The new kilogram has finally arrived.Updates to scientists’ system of measurementwent into force May 20, redefining the kilogramand several other units in the metric system. Therevamp does away with some outdated standards— most notably, a metal cylinder kept in a vaultnear Paris that has defined the kilogram for 130years.Tinkering with units allows scientists to moreprecisely measure weights, temperatures, electriccurrents and other quantities laid out in theInternational System of Units used around theglobe. The kilogram, the basic unit of mass, isnow defined by a quantum quantity known as thePlanck constant. That value, an immutable constantof nature, is the same everywhere in space andtime. That’s an improvement over the Parisianartifact, which could have changed slightly ifgunk or scratches marred its surface.Also redefined, according to an agreement reachedin November 2018 at the 26th General Conferenceon Weights and Measures in Versailles, France,are the kelvin, the unit of temperature; the ampere,the unit of electric current; and the mole, the unitfor an amount of substance.

Scientists now have their sights set on updatingthe unit of time: the second.Currently, the second is defined by atomic clocksmade of cesium atoms. Those atoms absorb acertain frequency of light. The wiggling of thelight’s electromagnetic waves functions like thependulum on a grandfather clock, rhythmicallykeeping time. One second is defined as9,192,631,770 oscillations of the light.But a new generation of atomic clocks, known asoptical atomic clocks, outdo the cesium clocks.“Their performance is a lot better than whatcurrently defines the second,” says physicist AndrewLudlow of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology in Boulder, Colo. Because those opticalatomic clocks operate at a higher frequency, their“ticks” are more closely spaced, making themabout 100 times more precise than cesium clocks.Ideally, the length of a second should be definedusing the most precise timepieces available. Aswitch might happen in the late 2020s, Ludlowsays.The change to the kilogram’s definition wascarefully orchestrated so that it wouldn’t affectnormal people: A kilogram of flour still makes thesame number of biscuits. Any change to the secondwill be similarly coordinated.So, sorry, there’ll be no chance to squeeze anyextra seconds into a day.Source : https://www.sciencenews.org, Magazineissue: Vol. 195, No. 11, June 22, 2019, p. 10.

NASA’S TESS MISSION FINDS ITSSMALLEST PLANET YET

NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS) has discovered a world between thesizes of Mars and Earth orbiting a bright, cool,

132


nearby star. The planet, called L 98-59b, marksthe tiniest discovered by TESS to date.

Two other worlds orbit the same star. While allthree planets’ sizes are known, further studywith other telescopes will be needed to determineif they have atmospheres and, if so, which gasesare present. The L 98-59 worlds nearly doublethe number of small exoplanets — that is, planetsbeyond our solar system — that have the bestpotential for this kind of follow-up.

“The discovery is a great engineering andscientific accomplishment for TESS,” said VeselinKostov, an astrophysicist at NASA’s GoddardSpace Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, andthe SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.“For atmospheric studies of small planets, youneed short orbits around bright stars, but suchplanets are difficult to detect. This system hasthe potential for fascinating future studies.”

A paper on the findings, led by Kostov, waspublished in the June 27 issue of TheAstronomical Journal.

L 98-59b is around 80% Earth’s size and about10% smaller than the previous record holderdiscovered by TESS. Its host star, L 98-59, is anM dwarf about one-third the mass of the Sunand lies about 35 light-years away in the southernconstellation Volans. While L 98-59b is a recordfor TESS, even smaller planets have beendiscovered in data collected by NASA’s Keplersatellite, including Kepler-37b, which is only20% larger than the Moon.

The two other worlds in the system, L 98-59cand L 98-59d, are respectively around 1.4 and1.6 times Earth’s size. All three were discoveredby TESS using transits, periodic dips in thestar’s brightness caused when each planet passesin front of it.

TESS monitors one 24-by-96-degree region ofthe sky, called a sector, for 27 days at a time.When the satellite finishes its first year ofobservations in July, the L 98-59 system willhave appeared in seven of the 13 sectors thatmake up the southern sky. Kostov’s team hopesthis will allow scientists to refine what’s knownabout the three confirmed planets and search foradditional worlds.

“If you have more than one planet orbiting in asystem, they can gravitationally interact witheach other,” said Jonathan Brande, a co-authorand astrophysicist at Goddard and the Universityof Maryland, College Park. “TESS will observeL 98-59 in enough sectors that it may be able todetect planets with orbits around 100 days. Butif we get really lucky, we might see thegravitational effects of undiscovered planets onthe ones we currently know.”

M dwarfs like L 98-59 account for three-quartersof our Milky Way galaxy’s stellar population.But they are no larger than about half the Sun’smass and are much cooler, with surfacetemperatures less than 70% of the Sun’s. Otherexamples include TRAPPIST-1, which hosts asystem of seven Earth-size planets, and ProximaCentauri, our nearest stellar neighbor, whichhas one confirmed planet. Because these small,cool stars are so common, scientists want tolearn more about the planetary systems thatform around them.

L 98-59b, the innermost world, orbits every 2.25days, staying so close to the star it receives asmuch as 22 times the amount of energy Earthreceives from the Sun. The middle planet, L 98-59c, orbits every 3.7 days and experiences about11 times as much radiation as Earth. L 98-59d,

133


the farthest planet identified in the system so far,orbits every 7.5 days and is blasted with aroundfour times the radiant energy as Earth.

None of the planets lie within the star’s “habitablezone,” the range of distances from the star whereliquid water could exist on their surfaces.However, all of them occupy what scientists callthe Venus zone, a range of stellar distanceswhere a planet with an initial Earth-likeatmosphere could experience a runawaygreenhouse effect that transforms it into a Venus-like atmosphere. Based on its size, the thirdplanet could be either a Venus-like rocky worldor one more like Neptune, with a small, rockycore cocooned beneath a deep atmosphere.

One of TESS’s goals is to build a catalog ofsmall, rocky planets on short orbits around verybright, nearby stars for atmospheric study byNASA’s upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.Four of the TRAPPIST-1 worlds are primecandidates, and Kostov’s team suggests the L98-59 planets are as well.

The TESS mission feeds our desire to understandwhere we came from and whether we’re alone inthe universe.

“If we viewed the Sun from L 98-59, transits byEarth and Venus would lead us to think theplanets are almost identical, but we know they’renot,” said Joshua Schlieder, a co-author and anastrophysicist at Goddard. “We still have manyquestions about why Earth became habitable andVenus did not. If we can find and study similarexamples around other stars, like L 98-59, wecan potentially unlock some of those secrets.”

Source : https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190627114113.htm

MORE THAN 50 NEWLY DISCOVEREDLAKES BENEATH THE GREENLANDICE SHEET

Researchers have discovered 56 previouslyuncharted subglacial lakes beneath the GreenlandIce Sheet bringing the total known number oflakes to 60.

Although these lakes are typically smaller thansimilar lakes in Antarctica, their discoverydemonstrates that lakes beneath the GreenlandIce Sheet are much more common than previouslythought.

The Greenland Ice Sheet covers an areaapproximately seven times the size of the UK,is in places more than three kilometres thickand currently plays an important role in risingglobal sea levels.

Subglacial lakes are bodies of water that formbeneath ice masses. Meltwater is derived fromthe pressure of the thick overlying ice, heatgenerated by the flow of the ice, geothermalheat retained in the Earth, or water on thesurface of the ice that drains to the bed. Thiswater can become trapped in depressions ordue to variations in ice thickness.

Knowledge of these new lakes helps form amuch fuller picture of where water occurs andhow it drains under the ice sheet, whichinfluences how the ice sheet will likely responddynamically to rising temperatures.

Published in Nature Communications this week,their paper, “Distribution and dynamics ofGreenland subglacial lakes,” provides the firstice-sheet wide inventory of subglacial lakesbeneath the Greenland Ice Sheet.

134


By analysing more than 500,000 km of airborneradio echo sounding data, which provide imagesof the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet,researchers from the Universities of Lancaster,Sheffield and Stanford identified 54 subglaciallakes, as well as a further two using ice-surfaceelevation changes.

Lead author Jade Bowling of the LancasterEnvironment Centre, Lancaster University, said:

“Researchers have a good understanding ofAntarctic subglacial lakes, which can fill anddrain and cause overlying ice to flow quicker.However, until now little was known aboutsubglacial lake distribution and behaviour beneaththe Greenland Ice Sheet.

“This study has for the first time allowed us tostart to build up a picture of where lakes formunder the Greenland Ice Sheet. This is importantfor determining their influence on the widersubglacial hydrological system and ice-flowdynamics, and improving our understanding ofthe ice sheet’s basal thermal state.”

The newly discovered lakes range from 0.2-5.9km in length and the majority were found beneathrelatively slow moving ice away from the largelyfrozen bed of the ice sheet interior and seemedto be relatively stable.

However, in the future as the climate warms,surface meltwater will form lakes and streamsat higher elevations on the ice sheet surface,and the drainage of this water to the bed couldcause these subglacial lakes to drain andtherefore become active. Closer to the marginwhere water already regularly gets to the bed,the researchers saw some evidence for lakeactivity, with two new subglacial lakes observedto drain and then refill.

Dr Stephen J. Livingstone, Senior Lecturer inPhysical Geography, University of Sheffield, said:

“The lakes we have identified tend to cluster ineastern Greenland where the bed is rough andcan therefore readily trap and store meltwaterand in northern Greenland, where we suggest thelakes indicate a patchwork of frozen and thawedbed conditions.

“These lakes could provide important targets fordirect exploration to look for evidence of extremelife and to sample the sediments deposited in thelake that preserve a record of environmentalchange.”

Source : https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190626124956.htm

A MYSTERIOUS DEMENTIA THATMIMICS ALZHEIMER’S GETS NAMEDLATE

It’s possible about a quarter of people age 85and older have the newly described disease

A newly described dementia strikes people intheir last decades of life. The disease, aptly namedLATE, comes with symptoms that resembleAlzheimer’s disease, but is thought to be causedby something completely different.

An international team of scientists andclinicians describe the disease and officiallychristen it LATE, which stands for the moretechnical description, “limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy,” online April 30,2019 in Brain. Study coauthor Peter Nelson, aneuropathologist at the University of Kentuckyin Lexington, helped organize a meeting last yearthat addressed a growing realization amongdoctors and scientists: “There’s this disease, andit doesn’t have a name,” he says.

135


LATE comes with memory trouble anddementia — symptoms that mirror Alzheimer’s,Nelson says. But instead of the plaques andtangles that mark the brains of people withAlzheimer’s disease, LATE is characterized by alesser-known protein called TDP-43. In LATE,that protein accumulates and spreads throughparts of the brain that are key to thinking andmemory, including the amygdala andhippocampus.

In Brain, Nelson and his colleagues describethe signs of LATE in the brain in a series ofstages, from less severe to most severe. But thetrouble is that these signs, which include thespread of TDP-43 and occasionally signs ofdamage to the hippocampus, can be found onlyafter a person has died.

There are currently no surefire clinical teststhat identify LATE in a living person. LATE isdiagnosed largely after other disorders have beenruled out, making it a “diagnosis of exclusion,”says neurologist Michael Greicius of StanfordUniversity, who was not involved in the study.

The researchers hope that giving the disease aname and description will make it easier to spot.Take a hypothetical 80-year-old patient withmemory loss who tests negative for signs ofAlzheimer’s in the brain, and whose MRI showsa smaller-than-normal hippocampus. “There, Ithink this notion of LATE is going to start risingquickly to the top,” Greicius says. Still, hecautions that “this is a disorder that we’rebeginning to get a handle on. We’re not quitesure yet.”

Greicius also points out that brains, particularlyolder ones, often contain a mixture of differentproblems, each of which might be contributing

to dementia. That makes pinning symptoms onTDP-43 a challenge. “The minute you have otherpathologies in there, it’s really hard to tease thoseout of the picture,” he says. Many brains withLATE also show some of the signs of Alzheimer’sdisease, a comingling that may confound easydiagnoses, the researchers write in the new study.

As scientists gain more tools that pinpointvarious brain diseases, one thing is becomingclear, Nelson says: “It’s complicated.” There’s agrowing realization that many different — andperhaps interconnected — pathways can lead todementia. “Grappling with this complexity isnecessary,” Nelson says, and could ultimatelypoint to subsets of people who could be treatedfor their particular form of dementia, should atherapy become available.

That complexity may also be behind some ofthe recent failures of drugs to treat Alzheimer’sdisease, Nelson says. People who actually hadLATE — not Alzheimer’s — may have beenincluded in those clinical trials, maskingpotentially positive results, he says. That’s aproblem for Alzheimer’s research, but also forpeople with LATE, who may want to participatein trials of their own.

For now, with the new description of LATE,scientists and doctors at least have a starting pointfor understanding the disease, says NinaSilverberg who directs the Alzheimer’s DiseaseCenters Program at the National Institute onAging in Bethesda, Md. “This is the beginning.”

Source : https://www.sciencenews.org/

BRAIN SPOTS Accumulation of a proteincalled TDP-43 (brown spots, left) in a postmortembrain and shrunken brain areas revealed by MRI(bottom of brain, right) are hallmarks of LATE.P.T. Nelson et al/Brain 2019

136


There are currently no surefire clinical teststhat identify LATE in a living person. LATE isdiagnosed largely after other disorders have beenruled out, making it a “diagnosis of exclusion,”says neurologist Michael Greicius of StanfordUniversity, who was not involved in the study.

The researchers hope that giving the disease aname and description will make it easier to spot.Take a hypothetical 80-year-old patient withmemory loss who tests negative for signs ofAlzheimer’s in the brain, and whose MRI showsa smaller-than-normal hippocampus. “There, Ithink this notion of LATE is going to start risingquickly to the top,” Greicius says. Still, hecautions that “this is a disorder that we’rebeginning to get a handle on. We’re not quitesure yet.”

Greicius also points out that brains, particularlyolder ones, often contain a mixture of differentproblems, each of which might be contributingto dementia. That makes pinning symptoms onTDP-43 a challenge. “The minute you have otherpathologies in there, it’s really hard to tease thoseout of the picture,” he says. Many brains withLATE also show some of the signs of Alzheimer’sdisease, a comingling that may confound easydiagnoses, the researchers write in the new study.

As scientists gain more tools that pinpointvarious brain diseases, one thing is becomingclear, Nelson says: “It’s complicated.” There’s agrowing realization that many different — andperhaps interconnected — pathways can lead todementia. “Grappling with this complexity isnecessary,” Nelson says, and could ultimatelypoint to subsets of people who could be treatedfor their particular form of dementia, should atherapy become available.

That complexity may also be behind some ofthe recent failures of drugs to treat Alzheimer’sdisease, Nelson says. People who actually hadLATE — not Alzheimer’s — may have beenincluded in those clinical trials, maskingpotentially positive results, he says. That’s aproblem for Alzheimer’s research, but also forpeople with LATE, who may want to participatein trials of their own.

For now, with the new description of LATE,scientists and doctors at least have a starting pointfor understanding the disease, says NinaSilverberg who directs the Alzheimer’s DiseaseCenters Program at the National Institute onAging in Bethesda,

137


÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ14, «UÊÚ0 Á’⁄U‡Ê ªÈ„UÊ S≈˛UË≈U, ∑§Ù‹∑§ÊÃÊ–700 017, ÷Ê⁄Ã

‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÃZ •ı⁄ ‚ŒSÿÊ¢ ∑§Ë Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄ :

‚¢SÕÊ ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ©Ÿ ‚÷Ë ‹ÊªÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ πÈ‹Ë „Ò¢, ¡Ê SŸÊÃ∑§ ÿÊ ©‚∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ SÃ⁄ ¬⁄ ‡ÊÒˇÊÁáÊ∑§ ÿÊÇÿÃÊ •¡¸Ÿ ∑§⁄øÈ∑§ „Ò¢, •ı⁄ Á¡ã„¢ ÷Ê⁄Ã ◊¢ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ë Ã⁄Ä∑§Ë ◊¢ M§Áø „Ò¢–

1. flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ — ¡Ê √ÿÁÄÃ Ÿÿ M§¬ ‚ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ª˝„áÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ øÊ„ÃÊ „Ò ©‚ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§r 200/- ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÷ÃË¸ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ r 50/-* (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞** U.S. $ 70) ◊ÊòÊ ŒŸ ¬«∏¢ª– flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ¬˝àÿ∑§ fl·¸ ∑§ 01 •¬˝Ò‹ ∑§Ê Œÿ „Ê ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ¡Ê ÷Ë 15 ¡È‹Êß¸ ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄ •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ Ÿ„Ë¢•ŒÊ ∑§⁄ ¬Ê∞ªÊ fl„ ©‚ ‚Ê‹ ∑§ Á‹∞ •¬ŸË flÊ≈ ŒŸ ∑§Ë ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ‚ fl¢ÁøÃ „Ê ¡Ê∞ªÊ •ı⁄/ÿÊ fl„ ©‚ fl·¸∑§ Á‹∞ ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊ¸‹ÿ ∑§Ê ÷Ë ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ Ÿ„Ë¢ ∑§⁄ ¬Ê∞ªÊ– flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ŒÊ’Ê⁄Ê •ª‹‚Ê‹ 15 ¡È‹Êß¸ ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄ Á’ŸÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ÁŒ∞ ¬ÈŸ— •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ¬˝ÊåÃ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò¢–

‚ŒSÿªáÊ •¬ŸÊ ¬¬⁄ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ∑§ ‚◊ÿ ¬‡Ê ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢– ©ã„¢ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸Áflfl⁄áÊ∑§Ë ∞∑§ ¬˝ÁÃ Á’ŸÊ ◊ÍÀÿ ◊¢ ¬˝ÊåÃ „Ê ‚∑§ÃË „Ò– ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ fl ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ⁄Ê¡∏ŸÊ◊øÊ ““∞fl⁄Ë◊Òã‚ ‚Êß¢‚”” ∑§Ë¬˝ÁÃ ÷Ë Á’ŸÊ ◊ÍÀÿ ©‚ ‚Ê‹ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝ÊåÃ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢– ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ ŸflË∑§⁄áÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑Î§¬ÿÊ ISCA fl’‚Êß≈‚ »§Ê◊¸ «Ê©Ÿ‹Ê« ∑§⁄¢–

2. ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ — ÿÁŒ ∑È§¿ ∑§Ê⁄áÊÊ¢ ‚ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ©‚ fl·¸ ∑§ 15 ¡È‹Êß¸ ∑§ •¢Œ⁄ ŒÊ„⁄ÊŸÊ÷Í‹ ¡Ê∞°, ÃÊ ©Ÿ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ, ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¢ Á’ŸÊ flÊ≈ «Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ë ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ◊¢ ‚ËÁ◊Ã ∑§⁄ ÁŒÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ–‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ∑§Ê r 200/- (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ $ 50) •ŒÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ¬«∏ªÊ– ∞∑§ ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê ‹π/¬ÊS≈⁄ ¬˝SÃÈÃË∑§⁄áÊ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄ ¬˝ÊåÃ „ÊªÊ Á¡‚ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ∑§Ê fl„ ‚ŒSÿ „Ò¢– ∞∑§ ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ flÊ≈ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ◊¢ ÷Êª ‹Ÿ ∑§ÿÊÇÿ Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò¢– ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê Áfl÷ÊªÊ¢ ∑§ √ÿfl‚Êÿ ’ÒΔ∑§Ê¢ •ı⁄ ‚ÊœÊ⁄áÊ ’ÒΔ∑§Ê¢ ◊¢ ÷Êª ‹Ÿ ∑§Ë ÿÊÇÿÃÊ ¬˝ÊåÃŸ„Ë¢ „Ò¢–

3. ¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ — ¡Ê √ÿÁÄÃ SŸÊÃ∑§ SÃ⁄ ‚ ŸËø ¬…∏Êß¸ ∑§⁄ ⁄„Ê „Ò¢, ©‚ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ r 100/- ◊ÊòÊŒŸ ¬«∏¢ª •¬ŸÊ ŸÊ◊ ¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¢ Á‹πflÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞, ’‡ÊÃ¸ ©‚∑§ •ÊflŒŸ ¬òÊ ¬⁄ ©‚∑§ ¬˝ÊøÊÿ¸/Áfl÷ÊªÊäÿˇÊ/‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§ ¬˝œÊŸ ∑§ „SÃÊˇÊ⁄ „Ê¢– ∞∑§ ¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê ÿ„ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄ ÁŒÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ, Á∑§ fl„ •¬ŸÊ¬¬⁄ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ∑§ ‚◊ÿ ¬‡Ê ∑§⁄ ‚∑§¢, ’‡ÊÃ¸ fl„ ¬¬⁄ fl„ Á∑§‚Ë flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ÿÊ ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ∑§Êß¸ •flÒÃÁŸ∑§‚ŒSÿ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ¬‡Ê ∑§⁄¢– ©‚ flÊ≈ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê ÿÊ ∑§Êÿ¸Ê‹ÿ ∑§Ê ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄ ¬˝ÊåÃ Ÿ„Ë¢ „ÊªÊ–¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê Áfl÷ÊªÊ¢ ∑§ √ÿfl‚Êÿ ’ÒΔ∑§Ê¢ ◊¢ ÷Êª ‹Ÿ ∑§Ë ÿÊÇÿÃÊ ¬˝ÊåÃ Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò¢–

4. •Ê¡ËflŸ ‚ŒSÿ — ∞∑§ ‚ŒSÿ •¬Ÿ ÷Áflcÿ ∑§Ë ‚Ê⁄Ë flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄ ◊¢ r 2,000/- (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§Á‹∞ U.S. $ 500) ◊ÊòÊ •ŒÊ ∑§⁄∑§ ¬Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò¢– ∞∑§ √ÿÁÄÃ ¡Ê 10 ‚Ê‹ ÿÊ ©‚‚ •Áœ∑§ ÁŸÿÁ◊Ã M§¬‚ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ¬˝ÊåÃ ∑§⁄ øÈ∑§Ê „Ò, ©‚ ©‚∑§Ë ‚¢ÿÈÄÃ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ∑§ ™§¬⁄ ¬˝ÁÃfl·¸ r 50/- ∑§Ë ¿Í≈ ŒË ¡Ê∞ªË,’‡ÊÃ¸ Á∑§ ©‚∑§Ë ‚¢ÿÈÄÃ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ r 1,200/- ‚ ŸËø Ÿ „Ê¢ (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ U.S. $ 12.50 •ı⁄ U.S. $300 ∑˝§◊‡Ê—)– ∞∑§ •Ê¡ËflŸ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê ©‚∑§ ¬Í⁄ ¡ËflŸ ∑§Ê‹ ◊¢ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§Ë ‚Ê⁄ Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄ ¬˝ÊåÃ „Ê¢ª–

(i)

ŒÍ⁄÷Ê· : (033) 2287-4530, 2281-5323»Ò§Ä‚ : 91-33-2287-2551fl’‚Êß≈ : http://sciencecongress.nic.inß¸-◊‹ : [email protected]

5. ‚¢SÕÊŸ ‚ŒSÿ — ∞∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ¡Ê r 5,000/- ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¢ Œ fl„Ë ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ‚ŒSÿ©‚ ÁflûÊËÿ fl·¸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ’Ÿ ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò, (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ U.S. $ 2,500)– ß‚◊¢ fl„ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ∑§flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚òÊ ◊¢ •¬Ÿ ∞∑§ √ÿÁÄÃ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ ŸÊ◊Ê¢Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄ ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò¢, ¡Ê ©Ÿ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ „Ê¢– ∞∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ‚ŒSÿ∑§Ê flÊÁ·¸∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸Áflfl⁄áÊ ∑§Ë ∞∑§ ¬ÍáÊ¸ ¬˝ÁÃ Á’ŸÊ ◊ÍÀÿ ◊¢ ¬˝ÊåÃ „Ê ‚∑§ÃË „Ò– ß‚‚ ‚ÊÕfl ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ⁄Ê¡∏ŸÊ◊øÊ ““∞fl⁄Ë◊Òã‚ ‚Êß¢‚”” ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃ ÷Ë Á’ŸÊ ◊ÍÀÿ ¬˝ÊåÃ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢–

6. ŒÊÃÊ — ∑§Êß¸ ÷Ë √ÿÁÄÃ ¡Ê ∞∑§‚ÊÕ r 10,000/- (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ U.S. $ 5,000) ◊ÊòÊ Œ¢, fl„ ‚¢SÕÊ∑§ ŒÊÃÊ ’Ÿ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢– ∞∑§ √ÿÁÄÃªÃ ŒÊÃÊ ∑§Ê fl„ ‚Ê⁄ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄ •ı⁄ Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄ Á◊‹¢ª ¡Ê ∞∑§ ‚ŒSÿ∑§Ê ©‚∑§ ¬ÍáÊ¸ ¡ËflŸ ∑§Ê‹ ◊¢ ¬˝ÊåÃ „ÊÃ „Ò¢–

∞∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ¡Ê ∞∑§‚ÊÕ r 50,000/- (ÁflŒÁ‡ÊÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹∞ U.S. $ 25,000) ◊ÊòÊ Œ¢, ‚ŒÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ß‚ ‚¢SÕÊ∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ŒÊÃÊ ’Ÿ ‚∑§Ã „Ò, Á¡‚ fl„ ∞∑§ √ÿÁÄÃ ∑§Ê ŸÊ◊Ê¢Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄∑§ ©‚ •¬Ÿ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœ ∑§M§¬ ◊¢ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ∑§ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚òÊ ◊¢ ÷¡ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢– ∞∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸ/√ÿÁÄÃªÃ ŒÊÃÊ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸Áflfl⁄áÊ •ı⁄ ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ⁄Ê¡∏ŸÊ◊øÊ ““∞fl⁄Ë◊Òã‚ ‚Êß¢‚”” ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃ ÷Ë ÁflŸÊ ◊ÍÀÿ ¬˝ÊåÃ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢–

* ÷ÃË¸ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ r 50/- Á‚»¸§ ∞∑§ Ÿÿ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡∏L§⁄Ë „Ò– ÿ„ ‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ/•Ê¡ËflŸ ‚ŒSÿ/‚¢SÕÊŸ‚ŒSÿ/¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ/ŒÊÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡∏L§⁄Ë Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò–

** (∞∑§ ÁflŒ‡ÊË ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê •Õ¸ „Ò¢, ¡Ê ÷Ê⁄Ãfl·¸ ∑§ ’Ê„⁄ ∑§Ê ŸÊªÁ⁄∑§ „Ê¢–)

(•) ¬¬⁄ ¬‡Ê ∑§⁄ŸÊ — ∞∑§ ¬ÍáÊ¸ ¬¬⁄ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃ ©‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÃËŸ ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁÃ ¡Ê 100 ‡ÊéŒÊ¢ ‚ íÿÊŒÊ Ÿ„Ê¢ •ı⁄ Á¡∏‚◊¢ ∑§Êß¸ •Ê⁄π ÿÊ »§Ê◊Í¸‹Ê Ÿ „Ê¢, fl„ ¬˝àÿ∑§ fl·¸ 15 Á‚Ãê’⁄ ∑§ •¢Œ⁄ •ŸÈ÷ÊªËÿ •äÿˇÊÃ∑§ ¬„È°ø ¡ÊŸÊ øÊÁ„∞–

(’) ‚÷Ë flªÊZ ∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ¡Ê ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚òÊ ◊¢ ÷Êª ‹Ÿ ∑§ ¬‡øÊÃ ‹ÊÒ≈Ã ‚◊ÿ ∑§ Á≈∑§≈ ◊¢ Á⁄ÿÊÿÃ ¬˝ÊåÃ∑§⁄ ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò, ’‡ÊûÊZ Á∑§ ©Ÿ∑§Ë ÿÊòÊÊ ∑§ πø¸ ∑§Ê ÕÊ«∏Ê ÷Ë ÷Êª ‚⁄∑§Ê⁄ (∑§ãŒ˛Ëÿ ÿÊ ⁄Êíÿ), ∑§Êß¸ ∑§ÊŸÍŸË‚ûÊÊ ÿÊ ∑§Êß¸ Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ ÿÊ ∑§Êß¸ Ÿª⁄¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê Ÿ ©ΔÊ∞° •ı⁄ ©Ÿ∑§Ë ∑È§‹ ∑§◊Êß¸ ÿÊ ¬Á⁄‹ÁéœÿÊ¢ r 5,000/-(¬˝ÁÃ ◊Ê„ ¬Ê°ø „¡Ê⁄ L§¬∞) ‚ •Áœ∑§ Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò¢– ∑Î§¬ÿÊ ISCA fl’‚Êß≈ ‚ ⁄‹fl Á⁄ÿÊÿÃ »§Ê◊¸ «Ê©Ÿ‹Ê« ∑§⁄¢–

(‚) ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ¬ÈSÃ∑§Ê‹ÿ ◊¢ ‚÷Ë flªÊZ ∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§Ê ¬…∏Ÿ ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ ‚È’„ 10.00 ’¡ ‚ ‡ÊÊ◊ ∑§Ê 5.30’¡ Ã∑§ ‚÷Ë ∑§Ê◊ ∑§ ÁŒŸÊ¢ ◊¢ (‡ÊÁŸflÊ⁄ •ı⁄ ⁄ÁflflÊ⁄) ∑§Ê ¿Ê«∏∑§⁄ ¬˝ÊåÃ „ÊªË–

(«) ‚◊ÿ ‚◊ÿ ¬⁄ ‚¢SÕÊ mÊ⁄Ê Ãÿ ∑§Ë ªß¸ ◊ÍÀÿ Œ⁄Ê¢ ¬⁄ ÁflüÊÊ◊ªÎ„, ‚÷ÊªÊ⁄ •ÊÁŒ ‚ÈÁflœÊ•Ù¢ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊÁåÃ ÷Ë‚÷Ë flªÊZ ∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¢–

(ß¸) ÷Áflcÿ ◊¢ ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ mÊ⁄Ê •ÊÿÊÁ¡Ã ¬Á⁄‚¢flÊŒ, ‚ê◊‹Ÿ •ı⁄ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ◊¢ ‚÷ËflªÊZ∑§ ‚ŒSÿÊ¢ mÊ⁄Ê ÷Êª ‹Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ •¬ŸËó•¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ¬òÊ ∑§Ê ‹ÊŸÊ ¡∏L§⁄Ë „ÊªÊ–

äÿÊŸ Œ¢ — (1) ‚÷Ë ’Ò¢∑§ «˛Êç≈ The Indian Science Congress Association ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ „Ë Á‹πÊ ¡Ê∞°,‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¢ ’Ò¢∑§ «˛Êç≈ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊÁåÃ •ı⁄ ¡Ê ∑§Ê‹∑§ÊÃÊ ∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ‡ÊÊπÊ ◊¢ Œÿ „Ê¢– ‚ŒSÿÊ¢ ‚ ÿ„ÁŸflŒŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ⁄„Ê „Ò, Á∑§ fl •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊ¸‹ÿ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ¬òÊÊøÊ⁄ ∑§ flÄÃ •fl‡ÿ ∑§⁄¢–

(2) ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ mÊ⁄Ê ◊ŸË•Ê°«¸⁄, •Êß¸. ¬Ë. •Ù., ß¸. ‚Ë. ∞‚. ÿÊ ø∑§ ‚ ÷ÈªÃÊŸ ª˝„áÊ Ÿ„Ë¢Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ∑§Êß¸ ÷Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã ‚ŒSÿÃÊ »§Ê◊¸ (•ÊflŒŸ-¬òÊ Ÿß¸ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ/‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§Ë ŸflË∑§⁄áÊ ∑§Á‹∞) ◊¢ ÁflÁœflÃ Á’ŸÊ ÷⁄Ÿ ‚ Ÿ„Ë¢ Á‹ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ–

(3) Ÿ∑§ŒË ∑§fl‹ ISCA ◊ÈÅÿÊ‹ÿ ◊¢ „ÊÕ ‚ Á‹ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ∑Î§¬ÿÊ «Ê∑§ mÊ⁄Ê Á‹»§Ê»§ ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄ Ÿ∑§ŒË Ÿ„Ë¢ ÷¡¢–

(ii)

(iii)

‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ŸÿÊ •ÊflŒŸ ¬òÊ

‚flÊ ◊¢

◊„Ê‚Áøfl (‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§Êÿ¸)÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ14, «ÊÚ0 Á’⁄‡Ê ªÈ„Ê S≈˛Ë≈,∑§Ê‹∑§ÊÃÊ-700 017

◊„ÊŒÿ,

◊Ò¢ ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ ∑§Ê •Ê¡ËflŸ ‚ŒSÿ/flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ/‚òÊ ‚ŒSÿ/¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ/‚¢SÕÊŸ ‚ŒSÿ/√ÿÁÄÃªÃŒÊÃÊ/‚¢SÕÊªÃ ŒÊÃÊ •¬ŸÊ ŸÊ◊ Á‹πflÊŸÊ øÊ„ÃÊ/øÊ„ÃË „Í°–

◊Ò¢ ß‚∑§ ‚ÊÕ óóóóó ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¢ Ÿ∑§∏Œ r óóóóó/’Ò¢∑§ «˛Êç≈ ‚¢ÅÿÊ óóóóóÁŒŸÊ¢Á∑§Ã óóóóó ¬˝øÊ‹∑§ ’Ò¢∑§ óóóóó 01 •¬Ò̋‹ 20—— ‚ 31 ◊Êø¸ 20—— Ã∑§ ÷¡ ⁄„Ê/⁄„Ë „Í°–

◊Ò¢ ÁŸêŸÁ‹ÁπÃ Áfl÷Êª ◊¢ L§Áø ⁄πÃÊ/⁄πÃË „Í° (∑Î§¬ÿÊ Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ◊¢ ÁŸ‡ÊÊŸ ‹ªÊ∞°)–

Áfl÷Êª1. ∑Î§Á· •ı⁄ flÊÁŸ∑§Ë ÁflôÊÊŸ

2. ¬‡ÊÈ, ¬‡ÊÈÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê •ı⁄ ◊àSÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ

3. ◊ÊŸfl‡ÊÊùËÿ •ı⁄ √ÿfl„Ê⁄¬⁄∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á¡‚◊¢ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã, „Ò¢, ¬È⁄ÊÃàfl-ÁflôÊÊŸ, ◊ŸÊÁflôÊÊŸ, ‡ÊÒÁˇÊ∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ •ı⁄‚ŸÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ)

4. ⁄‚ÊÿŸ ÁflôÊÊŸ

5. ÷Í-¬hÁÃ ÁflôÊÊŸ

6. •Á÷ÿãÃÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ

7. ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄áÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ

8. ‚ÍøŸÊ •ı⁄ ‚¢øÊ⁄áÊ ÁflôÊÊŸ •ı⁄ ¬˝ÊÒlÊÁª∑§Ë (Á¡‚◊¢ ∑¢§åÿÍ≈⁄ ÁflôÊÊŸ ÷Ë ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã „Ò)

9. ÷ÊÒÁÃ∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ

10. ªÁáÊÃ ÁflôÊÊŸ (Á¡‚◊¢ ‚Ê¢ÁÅÿ∑§Ëÿ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã „Ò)

11. ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ‡ÊÊù (Á¡‚◊¢ ‡Ê⁄Ë⁄ ÁflôÊÊŸ ÷Ë ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã „Ò)

12. ŸÿÊ ¡ËflÁflôÊÊŸ (Á¡‚◊¢ ¡Ëfl ⁄‚ÊÿŸ, ¡Ëfl ÷ÊÒÁÃ∑§Ë •ı⁄ •ÊáÊÁfl∑§ ¡ËflÁflôÊÊŸ •ı⁄ ¡Ëfl-¬˝ÊÒlÊÁª∑§Ë ÷Ë ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã„Ò)

S≈Òê¬ •Ê∑§Ê⁄ ∑§Ê»§Ê≈Ê

÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ14, «UÊÚ0 Á’⁄U‡Ê ªÈ„UÊ S≈˛UË≈U, ∑§Ù‹∑§ÊÃÊ–700 017, ÷Ê⁄Ã

ŒÍ⁄÷Ê· : (033) 2287-4530, 2281-5323»Ò§Ä‚ : 91-33-2287-2551fl’‚Êß≈ : http://sciencecongress.nic.inß¸-◊‹ : [email protected]

(iv)

13. ÷ÊÒÁÃ∑§Ëÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ14. flŸS¬ÁÃ ÁflôÊÊŸ

(∑Î§¬ÿÊ ≈¢Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄¢ ÿÊ é‹ÊÚ∑§ •ˇÊ⁄Ê¢ ◊¢ ÷⁄¢)

ŸÊ◊ (é‹ÊÚ∑§ •ˇÊ⁄Ê¢ ◊¢) :

üÊË/‚ÈüÊË/üÊË/üÊË◊ÃË/«ÊÚ0/¬˝Ê0 (∑Î§¬ÿÊ Á≈∑§ ∑§⁄¢)

∑È§‹ŸÊ◊ ¬˝Õ◊ ŸÊ◊ ◊äÿ ŸÊ◊

‡ÊÒˇÊÁáÊ∑§ ÿÊÇÿÃÊ :

(•¢ÁÃ◊ ‡ÊÒˇÊÁáÊ∑§ ÿÊÇÿÃÊ ¬˝◊ÊáÊ-¬òÊ •¢∑§-‚ÍøË ∑§Ê SflÃ—‚àÿÊÁ¬Ã Á¡⁄ÊÄ‚ ¬˝ÁÃ ‚¢‹ÇŸ ∑§⁄ŸÊ „Ò)

¬ŒŸÊ◊

‚ê¬∑¸§ ∑§Ê ¬ÃÊ :

(⁄Êíÿ, ‡Ê„⁄/Ÿª⁄ •ı⁄ Á¬Ÿ ∑§Ê« ‚Á„Ã)

ŒÍ⁄÷Ê· ‚¢ÅÿÊ/◊Ê’Êß¸‹ ‚¢ÅÿÊ •ı⁄ ß¸-◊‹ :

Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ‚⁄∑§Ê⁄Ë •ŸÈ◊ÊÁŒÃ ¬„øÊŸ ¬òÊ (•ÁŸflÊÿ¸) :

flÃ¸◊ÊŸ fl·¸ Áfl‡flÁfllÊ‹ÿ ¬˝fl‡Ê-¬òÊ :

SÕÊÿË ¬ÃÊ :

ÁŒŸÊ¢∑§ : ÷flŒËfl

„SÃÊˇÊ⁄

äÿÊŸ Œ¢ — (i) ‚÷Ë ’Ò¢∑§ «˛Êç≈ The Indian Science Congress Association ∑§ ŸÊ◊ ‚ „Ë Á‹πÊ ¡Ê∞°, ‚ŒSÿÃÊ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¢ ’Ò¢∑§ «˛Êç≈ ¬˝ÊÁåÃ •ı⁄ ¡Ê ∑§Ê‹∑§ÊÃÊ ∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ‡ÊÊπÊ ◊¢ Œÿ „Ê¢–

(ii) ‚÷Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ •ı⁄ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ ŸflË∑§⁄áÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ •ÊflŒŸ-¬òÊ •ÊflŒ∑§Ê¢ ∑§Ê •¬Ÿ πÈŒ ∑§ ¬Ã ©¬‹éœ∑§⁄Ê∑§ ∑§⁄Ÿ øÊÁ„∞ Ÿ Á∑§ Œπ÷Ê‹ ∑§ ¬Ã ¬˝SÃÈÃ ∑§⁄Ÿ øÊÁ„∞–

(iii) ÷ÃË¸ ‡ÊÈÀ∑§ r 50/- Á‚»¸§ ∞∑§ Ÿÿ flÊÁ·¸∑§ ‚ŒSÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡∏L§⁄Ë „Ò– fl„ ‚ŒSÿ/•Ê¡ËflŸ ‚ŒSÿ/‚¢SÕÊŸ‚ŒSÿ/¿ÊòÊ ‚ŒSÿ/ŒÊÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡∏L§⁄Ë Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò–

(iv) ‚ŒSÿÊ¢ ‚ ÿ„ ÁŸflŒŸ Á∑§flÊ ¡Ê ⁄„Ê „Ò Á∑§ fl •¬ŸË ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚‚¢SÕÊ ∑§ ∑§ÊÿÊ¸‹ÿ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ¬òÊÊøÊ⁄ ∑§ ‚◊ÿ •fl‡ÿ ∑§⁄¢–

(v) ÷Ê⁄ÃËÿ ÁflôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê¢ª˝‚ ‚¢SÕÊ mÊ⁄Ê ◊ŸË•ÊÚ«¸⁄, •Êß¸. ¬Ë. •Ù., ß¸. ‚Ë. ∞‚. ÿÊ ø∑§ ‚ ÷ÈªÃÊŸ ª˝„áÊŸ„Ë¢ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ–

(vi) ∑§Êß¸ ÷Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã ‚ŒSÿÃÊ »§Ê◊¸ (•ÊflŒŸ-¬òÊ Ÿß¸ ‚ŒSÿÃÊ/‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§Ë ŸflË∑§⁄áÊ ∑§ Á‹∞)◊¢ ÁflÁœflÃ Á’ŸÊ ÷⁄Ÿ ‚ Ÿ„Ë¢ Á‹ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ–

(vii) Ÿ∑§ŒË ∑§fl‹ ISCA ◊ÈÅÿÊ‹ÿ ◊¢ „ÊÕ ‚ Á‹ÿÊ ¡Ê∞ªÊ– ∑Î§¬ÿÊ «Ê∑§ mÊ⁄Ê Á‹»§Ê»§ ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄ Ÿ∑§ŒËŸ„Ë¢ ÷¡¢–

(v)

THE INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS ASSOCIATION14, Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700 017, INDIA

Terms of Membership and Privileges of Members :

Membership of the Association is open to person with Graduate or equivalent Academic Qualificationsand interested in the advancement of Science in India.

1. Annual Member : A person willing to be enrolled as new Annual Member has to pay anannual subscription of r 200/- along with an admission fee of r 50/-* (for foreign** U.S.$70) only. The annual subscription of a Member shall become due on the 1st April of eachyear. Anyone who fails to pay the subscription on or before the 15th July in any year shalllose the right of voting and/or holding any office of the Association for that year. A memberfailing to pay the annual subscription by the end of March of the following year shall ceaseto be a Member. Annual members can renew their Membership without paying the admissionfee in the next year by remitting subscriptions in time i.e. within 15th July. Members maycontribute papers for presentation at the Science Congress. They will receive, free of cost,reprints of the Proceedings of the Session of any one section of their interest and also thebi-monthly journal of the Association Everymans Science for that year only. For Renewalof Membership please download the form from ISCA website.

2. Sessional Member : If for some reasons, Annual Members fail to renew their Membershipby remitting subscription prior to 15th July each year, their Membership for the year wouldbe restricted to Sessional Membership without voting right. Sessional Member has to payr 200/- (for foreign $50). A Sessional Member shall have the right to present paper/posterat the session of the congress of which he/she is a member. A Sessional Member shall notbe eligible to participate in the voting process. A Sessional member shall not be eligibleto participate in the Business meetings of the Sections and the General Body.

3. Student Member : A person studying at the under-graduate level may be enrolled as aStudent Member by paying an annual subscription of r 100/- only provided his/herapplication is duly certified by the Principal/Head of the Institution/Department. Astudent member shall have the right to submit papers for presentation at the Session of theCongress of which he/she is a member, provided such papers be communicated through aMember, or an Honorary Member of the Association. He/She shall not have the right tovote or to hold any office. A student member shall not be eligible to participate in theBusiness Meetings of the Sections and the General Body.

4. Life Member : A Member may compound all future annual subscriptions by paying a singlesum of r 2,000/- (for foreign** U.S. $ 500) only. Any person who has been continuouslya member for 10 years or more, shall be allowed a reduction in the compounding fee ofr 50/- for every year of such membership, provided that the compounding fee shall not beless than r 1,200/- (for foreign** U.S. $ 12.50 and U.S. $ 300 respectively). A life Membershall have all the privileges of a member during his/her lifetime.

Telephone : (033) 2287-4530, 2281-5323Fax : 91-33-2287-2551Website : http://sciencecongress.nic.inE-mail : [email protected]

(vi)

5. Institutional Member : An Institution paying a subscription of r 5,000/- (for foreign**U.S. $ 2,500) only, can become an Institutional Member of the Association for that financialyear. It shall be eligible to nominate one person as its representative to attend Annual Sessionof the Science Congress. An Institutional Member shall be eligible to receive, free of cost,a copy of the complete set of Proceedings of the Annual Science Congress Session as alsoa copy each of the Associations journal Everymans Science.

6. Donor : Any person paying a lump sum of r 10,000/- (for foreign** U.S. $ 5,000) only,can become an Individual Donar of the Association, an INDIVIDUAL DONOR shall haveall the rights and privileges of a member during his/her lifetime.An Institution paying a lump of r 50,000/- (for foreign** U.S. $ 25,000) only, can becomean INSTITUTIONAL DONOR of the Association forever, which shall have the right tonominate one person as its representative to attend Annual Session of the Science Congress.An Institutional/Individual Donor shall be eligible to receive, free of cost, a copy of thecomplete set of Proceedings of the Annual Science Congress Session as also the Associationsjournal Everymans Science.

* Admission fee of r 50/- is needed only for becoming a new Annual Member and not forSessional Member/Life Member/Institutional Member/Student Member/Donor.

** (A Foreign Member means one who is normally Resident outside India).(A) Presentation of Papers : A copy of complete paper accompanied by an abstract in

triplicate not exceeding one hundred words and not containing any diagram or formula,must reach the Sectional President latest by September 15, each year.

(B) Members of all categories are entitled to Railway Concession of return ticket by the sameroute with such conditions as may be laid down by the Railway Board for travel to attendthe Science Congress Session provided that their travelling expenses are not borne, evenpartly, by the Government (Central or State), Statutory Authority or an University or aCity Corporation and their total earning of or emoluments drawn do not exceed r 5,000/-(Rupees Five Thousand per month). Please download the Railway Concession form fromISCA Website.

(C) Members of all categories are entitled to reading facilities between 10.00 a.m. to 5.30p.m. on all weekdays (except Saturdays & Sundays) in the library of the Association.

(D) Members of all categories may avail Guest House facilities, Lecture Hall hiring at therates fixed by the Association from time to time.

(E) Members of all categories should bring the Membership Card always for attending anySeminar, Conference and Annual Congress organized by ISCA in future.

Note : (1) All Bank Drafts should be drawn in favour of The Indian Science Congress Association,membership subject to realisation of the bank draft, Payable at any branch in Kolkata.Members are requested to mention their Membership No. while making any correspondenceto ISCA office.(2) No money order, I.P.O., ECS or cheque will be accepted by ISCA. No Membership willbe taken without duly filled in prescribed Membership Form (Application From for NewMembership/Application for Renewal of Membership).(3) Cash will only be taken by hand at ISCA Hqrs. Pl. do not send the Cash by Post withinthe envelop.

(vii)

Stamp SizePhotograph

Application Form For New Membership

To

The General Secretary (Membership Affairs)The Indian Science Congress Association14, Dr. Biresh Guha Street,Kolkata-700 017

Dear Sir,

I like to be enrolled as a Life Member/Annual Member/Sessional Member/Student Member/Institutional Member/Individual Donor/Institutional Donor of The Indian Science Congress Association.(Pl. Tick)

I am sending herewith an amount of r in payment of my subscription by Cash/Bank DraftNo. dated issuing bank from the year 1st April 20_____ to 31st March 20_____.

I am interested in the following section (Please tick any one).

Sections1. Agriculture and Forestry Sciences2. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences3. Anthropological and Behavioural Sciences (including Archaeology, Psychology, Education

and Military Sciences)4. Chemical Sciences5. Earth System Sciences6. Engineering Sciences7. Environmental Sciences8. Information and Communication Science & Technology (including Computer Sciences)9. Materials Science

10. Mathematical Sciences (including Statistics)11. Medical Sciences (including Physiology)12. New Biology (including Bio-Chemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology and Biotechnology)

THE INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS ASSOCIATION14, Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700 017, INDIA

Telephone : (033) 2287-4530, 2281-5323Fax : 91-33-2287-2551Website : http://sciencecongress.nic.inE-mail : [email protected]

(viii)

13. Physical Sciences

14. Plant Sciences

(Please type or fill up in Block Letters)

Name (in Block Letters) :

Mr./Ms./Shri/Shrimati/Dr./Prof. (Please tick)

Surname First Name Middle Name

Academic Qualifications :

Self attested xerox copy of last educational certificate/marksheet must be attached)

Designation

Address of communication :

(including state, city/town and pin code)

Phone No./Mobile Number & E-mail :

Any Govt. approved ID Card (Mandatory) :

Current Year University Admit Card :

Permanent Address :

Date : Yours Faithfully

Signature

Note : (i) All Bank Drafts should be drawn in favour of The Indian Science Congress Association,membership subject to realisation of the bank draft, Payable at any branch in Kolkata.

(ii) All Application Forms for Membership and the renewal of Membership must besubmitted by providing the address of the applicants themselves only and not any careof address.

(iii) Admission fess of r 50/- is needed only for becoming a new Annual Member andnot for Sessional Member/Life Member/Institutional Member/Student Member/Donor.

(iv) Members are requested to mention their Membership No. while making anycorrespondence to ISCA office.

(v) No Money Order, I.P.O., ECS or Cheque will be accepted by ISCA.(vi) No Membership will be taken without duly filled in prescribed Membership Form

(Application Form for New Membership/Application For Renewal of Membership).(vii) Cash will only be taken by hand at ISCA Hqrs. Pl. do not send the cash by Post within

the envelope.

Documents

June- July 19 2 · as natural fertilizers. Since the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, causes a ... adulteration of the food items can occur at various stages: