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8/10/2019 K Class 4 2012 Joints U & L Body
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KinesiologyFES 4th Ed
Chapter 8 - Joints p. 234Red - Quiz
Class 4: Joints of Upper &Lower Body
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Articulations of the Skull
• Sutures• Temporomandibular joint• Atlanto-occipital joint
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Sutures Synarthrotic,fibrous joints
CoronalSagittalLambdoidalSquamous
Squamoussuture betweenparietals and
temporal bones
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Sutures of the Skull
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Temporomandibular JointBetween mandible andtemporal bones
Strongest jointof bodyBiarticular joint
since it has 2 joint cavities
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Temporomandibular Ligaments
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Atlanto-Occipital Joint
(Occiput & C1/Atlas)
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Articulations of Vertebral Column• Atlantoaxial joint•
Intervertebral disk joints• Zygopophyseal joints• Lumbosacral joint• Sacrococcygeal joint• Costospinal or Costovertebral joint• Supraspinatus & Interspinous ligaments• Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments
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Atlantoaxial joint: C1/Atlas & C2/AxisD-Pivot
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Intervertebral disk joints Betweenadjacentvertebra from C2
to L5A - Symphysis
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Zygopophyseal joints
AKA facet jointsBetween superior
and inferiorarticulating facetsof adjacentvertebraeD - Gliding
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Lumbosacral JointBetween L5 andSacrumA - Symphysis
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Sacrococcygeal JointA – symphysisIn someindividuals it is a
Diathrotic jointcapable of anterior& posteriormovements
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Costospinal or Costovertebral JointsD – Gliding
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Spinal Ligaments
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Spinal Ligaments Nuchal Ligament-thickregion of supraspinousligament in cervical region
Anterior & PosteriorLongitudinal
Anterior prevents
hyperextension ofspinePosterior preventshyperflexion of
spine
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Articulations of the Thorax• Manubriosternal joint• Manubriocostal joint• Sternocostal joint• Sternoclavicular joint• Sternoclavicular & Interclavicularligaments• Costoclavicular joints
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Manubriosternal joint or SternalAngle
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Manubriocostal Joint(Manubrium & Costal cartilage of rib pair 1)
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Sternocostal Joints (Costochrondal &Chondrosternal Joints)
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Sternocostal Joints
Costochrondal Chondrosternal
Costal cartilage
with Rib pairs1-7
Costal cartilage
with sternum
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Sternoclavicular Joint(Clavicle with manubrium of sternum)
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Sternoclavicular LigamentsCostoclavicular Joint
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Articulations of the Shoulder• Acromioclavicular joint & ligaments• Glenohumeral joint & ligaments• Bursas of shoulder• Scapulocostal junction
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Acromioclavicular Joint & Ligaments
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Acromioclavicular Joint Types
Diathrotic Synarthrotic
Some
individuals havea gliding jointSometimes this
joint can befused
Some have
fibrocartilagehere
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Glenohumeral JointTechnical namefor the shoulder
joint
Between head ofhumerus &glenoid fossa of
scapulaMost mobile
joint in body
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Ligaments of the Glenohumeral orShoulder Joint
Tendons ofRotator CuffMuscles also
can act asligaments tohelp stabilize
glenohumeral joint
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Shoulder Ligaments & Labrum
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Coracohumeral LigamentBetween coracoid process of scapulaand greater and lesser tubercles ofhumerus
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Scapulocostal or ScapulothoracicJunction
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Scapulocostal or ScapulothoracicJunction
Not a true joint since scapula doesn’thave bone to bone contact with ribsActs as a functional joint in its
movement of scapula across ribcage
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Articulations of the Elbow
• Ulnohumeral joint• Radiohumeral joint• Ligaments of elbow•
Radioulnar joints
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ElbowElbow is one of the few places with ahard end feel and an anatomicalbarrier
Hyperextension is possible for thoseindividuals with a small olecranonprocess or a large olecranon fossa
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Ulnohumeral joint
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Radiohumeral Joint
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Ligaments of Elbow
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Radioulnar JointsProximal &DistalRadioulnar
jointsPivot joints thatallow Supination
& Pronation
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Middle Radioulnar JointSynarthrotic – Syndesmosis
joint
Interosseousmembranebetween radius
and ulnar
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Articulations of the Wrist & Hand
• Radiocarpal joint & ligaments• Carpoulnar joint• Carpal joints & ligaments• Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints• Joints of thumb & fingers
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Radiocarpal Joint
Diathrotic – condyloid orellipsoid joint
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Palmar Ligaments
Palmar Radiocarpal Palmar Ulnocarpal
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Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
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Carpoulnar Joint
Ulna with 2carpals:
Lunate
Triquetrum
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Carpal Joints
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Transverse Carpal Ligament orFlexor retinaculum
Forms the carpaltunnel andcovers tendons
of the wristflexors
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Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints
BetweenmetacarpalsII-IV and
carpalsD- gliding
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Carpometacarpal (CMC) JointsD - Saddle jointof thumbAllowsopposition
(adduction,flexion, &medial rotation)& reposition(adduction,extension, &lateral rotation)
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Ligaments
Anterior &posterioroblique
ligaments
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Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint ofThumb
Joint betweenmetacarpal andproximal
phalange
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Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints
Joints betweenmetacarpals II – V and proximal
phalanges
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Interphalangeal (IP) Joints
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Finger Joints
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Sacroiliac (SI) Joint
Allows movementin side-lyingfigure 8 pattern
If joint can’tmove, sacrallumbar junctioncompensateswhich puts strainon the spine
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Ligaments of SI Joint
Anterior SacroiliacPosterior sacroiliac, Sacro-tuberous & Sacrospinous
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Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament
Pelvic ligamentsrelax during awoman’s
menstrual cycleand especiallyduringpregnancy
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Os Coxae
AKA Innominatebones and Coxalbones
Fused union ofilium, ischiumand pubis
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Pubic Symphysis
Amphiarthrotic – symphysis
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Pubic Symphysis
Allows for independent movement ofboth sides of pelvis which isimportant in walking
Motion of joint is important duringpregnancy and delivery.Stability of this joint is important. If
misaligned, many postural and softtissue problems can result.
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Superior Pubic & Arcuate Pubic Ligaments
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Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint
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Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint
Acetabulum is technical name forsocket of hip jointPelvis can move on thigh if thigh isfixed which is called anterior tilt andincreases lordosis of lumbar spine.Posterior pelvic tilt is in oppositedirection and lessens lordosis.Pelvis can elevate, depress, androtate to the right and left .
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Pelvic Tilt
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Labrum & Ligaments of Hip• Ileofemoral ligament• Ischiofemoral ligament• Pubofemoral ligament• Ligamentum teres
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Labrum
Fibrocartilaginousring attached toedge ofacetabulumReinforced bytransverseligament
Helps keep head offemur in socket
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Ileofemoral Ligament
AKA Y ligament dueto shape of anupside down Y
One of strongest &thickest ligamentsof body
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Ileofemoral Ligament
Limits extension of thigh at hip jointLimits posterior tilt of pelvis at hip
joint
P b f l & I hi f l
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Pubofemoral & IschiofemoralLigaments
Pubofemoral & Ischiofemoral
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Pubofemoral & IschiofemoralLigaments
Ischiofemoral PubofemoralLimits medialrotation of the
thigh at the hip jointLimits extension ofthe thighLimits ipsilateralrotation of thepelvis
Limits abductionand extreme
extension of hipLimits depression(lateral tilt) ofipsilateral hip joint
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Ligamentum Teres
Ligament ofhead of thefemur
Helps keephead of femurin socket
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Articulations of the Knee • Tibiofemoral or femorotibial joint• Meniscus & ligaments• Bursas of the knee• Tibiofibular joint
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Tibiofemoral (femorotibial) joint
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Tibiofemoral (femorotibial) joint
Sexual differences:Men: acetabulum is located directlyabove knee which allows for even
weight distribution during movementWomen: due to wider pelvic, knee ismedial to the acetabulum which puts
strain on knees during movement. Asa result, women athletes have moreknee injuries.
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Meniscus of Knee
Technical name forfibrocartilage inknee Medial – C shapedLateral – U shaped
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Femoropatellar (patellofemoral) joint
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Patellar Ligament or Tendon
Continuationof quadricepsfemoris
tendon fromthe patella totibialtuberosity
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Posterior Oblique Ligament
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Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligaments
Cruciate Ligaments
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Cruciate Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate (ACL) Posterior (PCL)Crossed-shaped (X)Limits extremes of everymotion of knee
Prevents femur fromsliding backwards on tibiaPrevents tibia fromsliding forward on femur
Stabilizes knee in rotationTears are common sportsinjuries
Crossed-shaped (X)Assists the knee inflexionPrevents femur fromsliding backwards ontibiaPrevents tibia fromsliding forward on femurPreventshyperextension of kneeStabilizes knee inrotationTears are commonsports injuries
Medial and Lateral Collateral
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Ligaments
Medial and Lateral Collateral
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Ligaments
MCL: Connectsmedial femoralepicondyle to theproximal medialtibial condyleMCL: limitsabductionLCL: limitsadductionTears are commonsports injuries
Both shaped likestraight bandsBoth ligaments aretaut when the knee
is fully extendedBoth preventrotation when kneeis extended
Both allow rotationwhen knee is flexed
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Tibiofibular Joint
S – Syndesmosis joint
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Articulations of Ankle and Foot• Talocrual joint and ligaments•
Tibiotalar joint• Distal Tibiofibular joint• Talocalcaneal or subtalar joint• Intertarsal joints•
Tarsometatarsal joints• Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint• Interphangeal (IP, PIP, DIP) joint
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Talocrual (ankle) joint
D - HingeAllowsdorsiflexion &
plantar flexionMost sprainsoccur when this
joint is less stablein extension orplantar flexion
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Ligaments of ankle
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Tibiotalar Joint
Joint betweentalus and tibiaD – Hinge
Allowsdorsiflexion &plantar flexion
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Proximal & Distal Tibiofibular Joints
A - Syndesmosis
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Talocalcaneal or Subtalar Joint
D - GlidingAllows inversion
& eversion
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Intertarsal Joints
D - Gliding
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Tarsometatarsal Joints
D - Gliding
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Metatarsophalangeal Joint (MTP)
D - Condyloid
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Interphalangeal Joints
D - Hinge