di~fil.rl*a.r

I. n'nuarznisid~uul~da~ni~s'i~niu

1 . i &uorzni.rii.miuddsinQ 1.2 nis1d~uu11da~~~~~zu~1d~zgliw11a~e,a'uaz8~1w'.a

A d 1.3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ f l l ~ % ~ ~ l d 7 ~ ~ 8 n 6 ~ ~ 8 0 1 n 5 ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ d l ~

2. nqu~i~ua~nmu~8iQI~azn~s6dduuiIdadnid5'idniu

3. Isnuoc{q.roiq 3.1 ~umaunisid$uulldaanid5'idniuv8da'u~qa8itJ

3.2 T S ~ ~ Y I U ~ O U ~ ! ~ I U % ~ ~ D I ~ Y

3.3 mnis i l?u1mzni~~~dn'~d1~nd~u~8u%~d~qd8iq

p~d.r~a.riw.rni .r l ioul do, e ~kainnuonnln!biiruufund 2 !dud? i?niinlnozrnuim

1. o ~ u ~ u i i n u o l z n i s d ~ u u ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ ~ & ( ~ u s ' . ~ ~ n ~ u ! ~ ~ u ' ~ ~ ~ n X ~ ~

2. o~u1un~ul j~duar iuna1u~a iq~~azn is '1d~uu~1da~~1~5!1~n1u l&(~~ i~~n~a~ 3. o~uiu1mdnuliounk~azuan~1uani~nisd~~n'u1sn!#atii~~n$1'8~

r . ~n~na,~nnd~uuudadw7~di7dn7u nis~dduurrdaamaiianiuaaaa"u~~a~i~a::!~ndia~~nisrd~uu~~daawia~iu

iianiuluXiu I ) a"nmwiaiianiuddmna 2 ) ni~rd~uurrdaaaaasmuds::aiwrra::

a i u 2 : : ~ f i ~ 3) seuuoiuaniuluiu 7 duanr~irn~insmudsm

I . 1 cinlmun~aiianiuddnlnn~ 1 1 ,

F i i i i u ~ n w ~ : : w i ~ 4 1 a n i u d ~ ~ s i n Q p p lu~i i j jnaiu~a-~iua tinwmziianiud

muisnueaduua~~a-~.~a!XXaumi~~a::niu~u8.~~a"11aa~nnarrda::nubmumsa &luiu@p L,

aiq~~::~nisbdduu~bdaaa"nwwaaaiianiu~buubdanaadiadu!~%m n k a h

1.1.1 D % x ~ ~ M # ~ w Z ,

Qyn %nww aa@

dinburqu @din~1::~d~uurrdaamiubnsaaiiaaoa4u iwsit+~u~:: L,

~qmha1,au4iuaua-~in luuianuai~ls::~~mia~~u~umdin nid+Iuwqmiaa$q::viilfi

dudbd~uu!dn~i~::~d~udaaa-Jfiaiu I n a 8irl ia ii5num::dum$ifia ~nm~l::juuiiJ am::

rfloa6urdiianm rihr iu aumiiamun ~r i i ?m i ju ~Gamu~~daua~uiw"u~Gamidis ti

igd&@l&,~~4qq~ bfi~a~dIGhll%Vl ~BUYU

m a ri'urinia 2-3 4u mRUj?u~::ai!aljUF::a~bir~~iuawin dauiqa

a-I qd wmu'::i~ninurutwGa~uns2~n b b h aisoudu I..@& iisu ui~nuai~~6umau ~daauiqinu?~amrifia-Jfi

!afiua::auCa uas

f i ~ ~ 1 1 3 bxuImfii fisa cldu38ufl~d$In~~m b~u4u ij3v;auinm

bbOnbbaU (Dendrite bba:: Axon) Y

1.2.2 ~5~7zs'uma7qVntjj 5 ed

aiu?::%naiuf3nGd s !rkbri m i rg Qyn iu ~~a~niudurjrr ~ l a i

nisn'imubdaunaundadidbfiu!6~mb~u 6dsiua::dum &!I

n i~ i i~ iuae~ciu6~r l i w u j i ~u6m-1~flua~uazdaudbdaunaufia~~mniiaa"ua::

d .;ainnizilnwiIunaanumi~aaa"~qaaiq wuii

$1) ,(qaaiq 6s ~ . ; a : : ~ n a 1 ~ a i ~ i ~ n l u n i ~ ~ a ~ ~ f f ' ~ ~ 1 i ~ a ~ ~ u ~ ~ i 1 ~ 20-70%

2) ~qaaiqsz!A~li~i~n%~I:a~nai~a"n~~a::8~1a 7 16 3) ~qaaiqGn~flu&ans::.;an vii~fiaiuniCauaa~iia~inniidn4

U

4) P j a ~ ~ i m i ~ u ~ ~ q a a i ~ ~ ' i : w ~ m v i i ~ i u

5) n&NLtoddald?Obniau!~aod"udmi b d a ~ v i i l f i ~ a d b ~ ~ a d d ~ i d 1 !h)tig n i ~ l 6 i 0 u ~ a u ~ wuii w6a.;ainaiq 60 $!d~~a"a ~da6ayda~aaad ia~am1fa

vi i l f in i~%fi~~$ujbiI Tmu~awirduaqa Qqdaq~l~nu.;a::h!6gu~8~aq~ ~du L ~ U J

In.ri(wvi r$uanssia ~fIu&u Y

n i g I ( / n b ~ ~ a z n i q ~ ~ ' ~ * ~uda~hadnai~Ri~i~n~uni~bb~nbbu::n6u.;a::bi~

rda~oaudaai~ 60 fl $~~l3bd~~~bbd~~Wi~niS!6nd~b~~ni3bd6U~bbd~~~~W1dbd~N

dauGid#i slm::~fiuah dmuds~ai~anani~~u~a"budubda~nd i i ~ f l n i ~ ~ d 6 u u

bbdadd bdb~aaoin~fiHvotni~!6n~ubflu~~fiad~ni~~d6~ub~da~~iniiaa"~a~dau $u q b~i~fi~~aai4!~.a"d~::aun~~d~~~dauluni$~abmuaii(uni~!6nduib"u~~~

irrriminniu ~ r k i w i a n - ~ ~ d o a naiu~tudam .;aziiniiiaiudunwia~ dl ~ f i ~ ~ ~ a i q n u o i n n a i ~ ~ ~ u d a m b m u b ~ w i : : n i ~ daud~fiawia

1,

q c u w ~ i i r i u ~ ~ ~ a i q s : : ~ u ~ ~ n i ~ ~ d d u u ~ r d a ~ m n i n ~ u ~ a ~ naiuwuiald!6$a~3uwn~1

Y u r a m w a n ds::3w%~i~~~a::nisrii~i~aa~dam~m~~a~mauiglinan1~zain1~~~u~w finis q u Y d b!6aanrii&niu wavii~w"~uimaini~~4i~dmn~i~~udamu1n ainindiu$ii nan~aamauriou miuaiuisnaadb~am~unis~uaan~b~u~wcid1udamvi1~60a"aurii~~

dl ~ t l ~ ~ : : i I I a n i a ~ i u u i n ~ ~ 1.3.2 ~ ~ u u n 7 u i 6 ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 3

1.3.3 ~ S U U Y ' Y ~ U ~ D U ~ ~ U % A d Y

TmudnGln~0s~ua~u~wns:bw1daa13::~::finimm~ua ijn3iucnui~i& dl uinau r i i~M"n is~ur i iu radb~uaan~in~ i~n iu~d~ ds~naufiuoiau~ncnuin"bu?uugd

a i q ~ i ~ n ~ d v i i l M " n i ~ u s i i u ~~uld63umaiuuin61uin d ~ c n ~ b r m a r ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ n u l m d a ~ Y

~uarnw~n~glsvii'L~nisvii.~iu~a~In~a~~~~a~~~u~"u q o$luniaaAJudn~~~~-irua::ii I

bnmbme# (Decker. Davld L..1980 : 49) ! ~ i n d i a ~ ~ n i s ~ d ~ u u ~ ~ d a ~ w i ~ i i ~ n i u ~ a ~ ~ &U z q ~ a i q m i u ~ ~ i n n i s ~ a ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ n (Hayfllct) !amau

u d a I. nq%inaiuiinwmnaaab.aaEi (The error theory) iuga ~.aa6iin1s~rd~mai wm & & C dl d wa7n ~daaa~iniu~u~i~muini~~~ei~6a~nwain~~aiwaf l i~ 'v1~uu 44~~fi1r vsouaiquin

Y "11uniu~.aa6aa~ii~niuu"u~a~ /

n u p. Ud dp. dl 2. M~wtjl3~lnaa~13:: (The free radical theory) 69 'bm~dOn3u1MldmuLnm~

r n u ~ u i ~ ~ n i u ~ m u v i i ~ w " ~ ~ a a " n ~ u ~ u f ~ ~ n ~ u ~ n ~ e ~ ~ w a ~ ~ q n v i ~ a ~ d k d ~ a h u waiin'a v i ~ dl ~ v i ~ a a " n i u ~ u ~ ~ n ~ u i n ~ ~ ~ d ~ u u ~ ~ d a ~ v i ~ ~ w " ~ i a ~ ~43~7nvu

cll u 3. nqw~a1maun135uGaand~gaa" (The cross-linkage theory) Aa~ga4n1ulu

i1~n1us1md.r::3~Eniw a l m n a ~ u i m ~ d u i~vi1lC~fiiioln135u~an"uIus::~a1d~gaa"~~cvia:: dl ma4 wata v i ~ ~ ~ + ~ n ~ u i n ~ ~ ~ d ~ u u ~ ~ d a ~ o i ~ ~ f i ~ i n ~ ~ a ~ n a u

4. nqwtjn13viialuRu~i1~ (The autoimmune theory) w a ~ % a a " i n ~ ~ ~ d d u ~ ~ ~ d a d v i ~ C dl ~vis::uw?ai~uiiun~u~ui~~n~uunwi ad v i ~ ~ f i { d ~ ~ ~ ~ u n " u u n w i n ~ ~ u ~ k a ~ ~ u ~ n v u

5. w q w ~ a a ~ o i a a ~ 6 ~ a ~ (The Pituitary theory) 6 n ~ i a u ~ k u n ~ ~ i 1 ~ 1 u ~ m d n ~ vi~lCwkaas'tnud~naiu%m unm?luna$~nnflidn (Adrenocortlcortrophlc hor-

C w w E dl mone = ACTH) nanuiuln waan L ~ O ~ % U L L Y ~ P ~ ~ I M ~ S I C ~ : : ~ ~ U L ~ ~ ~ I ~ M ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ N I ~ ~ ~

f i h ~ d 0 7 u ~ u (HMsch, Davld F. LLa:: Francine Deutsch, 1 98 1 : 65) 'b6na'ia d.4 A uu 2 i i anqw~n~n uaa'o~n"una1uCn1qIu~~4an~d~::'bam~u 1

d A , u I . nq%~na1na~lw"u~~n3su (Genetic cellular t o k u ~ ~ l j a ~ f l u 2 w q ~ i gn

d l U d l U nqwpmaududunwia~ (DNA damage theofy) ~ a ~ n q w ~ a ~ m u n a ~ ~ & w a ~ e \ v n d ~ g a a " ~ ~ < l d n l f J (Error theory)

dd I U

2. w()MQnb b u u ~ ~ & l ~ w " ~ ~ ? l 3 3 ~ ~ (Nongenetlc cellular theory) ~LLljd L ~ U M ~ W ~

ins An nqwtn~~~l::auaad~gaa" (Accumulation theory) d~nI.nLdiuuariuni1 'ba~w4aFiu cll u

(Upofuscin) nqwQ?lma~m13~u~aVadL~aa" (cross-linkage theory) ~ m ~ n l 3 f j U ~ a i ? ~ 1 a d ~ n a ~ l - n u n wu~~a::'bduidlhGu (collagen LLa:: Fibrous ~rote~nj ~ra tnqwi~~mnnnmt (~ree-rad~ca~

theory) d B A

3. nqwm ~nua*n~iiui1dn1ulmu013d (Physiological theory) Lhtnau&aunqw~Li~~ d l u d B A ?in nqw~a~mau~Q(ufiuunwia~ (Immunoiogical theory) ~~a::nq%~~1~~nua~ndiiUniWi1

dl~V0dd0N"b%0fln~$~d (Neuroendocrlne theory)

w7w7rAu (Papalla. olane E., 1986 : 482) ' b~a@~qw~~i /uan"u ~~dEl l~ 'ba"b%4 2

LLuawId 60 dl U d r d

1. nrlwga~mauIr ls~msu~~f i~~d (Programmed theory) MQI-QuL~D<I w " ~ U 1

n~~vaa{~dai~~::qnw"wu~~~ji~~u!d~~uri~~umn~~'b~~n~~~um'ba"Fmudud ~iargaAmu hkanwaodwia nnaa diddn bdad 3nu1m ~adBn (Leonard Hyf~ict. 1974) 16 h ~ A o ~ a a 6 wui1~~aa"~naim~::ivau~v~~1n"~illun13~~~~Ga t ~ i ~ % u y w d u h man' ra~u~~~~::idls::3w~n1~~~a::~~~~~~a~6au~3d~~au"~::~a1~1~n~~i~'b6~n&aa1q i r o il

d 2.4 n q w ~ ~ i 6 a u n i ~ ~ I J a u s a ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ a : : n a i ~ ~ m w a i m ~ a ~ ~ ~ a a " ~ i ~ n i u (Somatic

mutation and error theories) nqw~~~snndiaiidm?tnisbbeidGafimdnG (Mutation) riilps" l,c X

~fimnispaiq!m~saru idu nis!6%k#~iinCau~3udsz41 daunqw~naiar~mwaimb~a

iibdab~i~~u~daiqe::inisbd~uubbdad~ubn~daiid~ad DNA ~~a::~ndd\l~ia!dfid RNA LLA:: dcl c: " Y

bau!%~nbwdndbnnz~"%~d ~aubfidfimdnGii e: :w~waim~m~ddhiu~ub~aa" i wads ~ u a u n i s ~ w i w a i ~ ~ ~ a i e ~ d a ~ ~ ~ a ~ c y ~ ~ u a ~ s s n w iiiiiu?u RNA amad~iniwnriiIMI

b # ~ % ^ a V l d l l, d Y

2.5 ~ q w ~ a 7 m a ~ ( t u q n n ~ (Genetlc Theory) 1aiinisg~aiyGui~~3ua"nww A , di nmn~ iuw iunss~ r i uq ' $dnisrdduuudaaluhs~~ti~ua~aa"ua::uiddau~adiidniu

a E, I ~huna~nuv lmu~anu~daa iq~ in~~ du a"nww$*w:&u w ~ ~ ~ a n i j ? ~?lu&u

Y

a " ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 d ~ d l ~ ~ : : ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ l d ~ ~ b ~ l ~ ~ b b f i ~ : : ~ ~ 1 ~ bdln"~ 4 1 0

2.6 MqWQ?1SI?unITL~aNbba::blmblaU (Wear and Tear Theory) L ia j l i i i ~ $ i C / Y

I

aa~+~n iu~~bns~a i i~ in i s l . a " f l e~ i l99"~ i imn i s~~mai~ i i i i n i s l + ~ i n r i-~lps"~fimnis~ 6 di

aiysaau

2.7 ~ q w j j i 6 a unai~~niumb~a: :n i~d4uGa (stress-~daptation Theory) . A n I

y q w f i d d n i i naiu~n~unmnnuulu8^aw~s:iia"ui wariilps"~~aa"wiu!~ qnnad&m Y

~w3cycyinnaium"Toniau q e~1l$~nnaCu~~i~a"uqda7qGa

u3ymi w d g a j ; uw. (2525 : I 53-1 54) I ~ a ~ n l l ~ ~ ~ u a i i u ~ a i ~ i a i q I u Y

4 u d

b c i u a ~ n i ~ i d d u u ~ ~ d n ; ~ n i u undu

I. nquiriiaiumurad (Autolmrnunity) n a i u ~ s i ~ i i m e i n i i ~ n i u a % " i ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ n " ~ di

dnG!&$aua~ w%"auiiuinisa~~il~qfi~~n"u~flw'iaiuGa~ad~in"~~u ~a&iidniuda+fiiu

$&n~::&~Ldanl~aaN\am%5i ~ 1 1 9 9 " b ~ ~ d ~ ~ h ~ b b a : : d ~ b ~ ~ ~ ~ b b a " ~ ~ : : ~ ~ l n l ~ ~ ~ b b ~ d L ~ U

5uwsiu@io%w!6

aa6~nn~:Fci i~~f i j~n"u"11~mw'iaiu~a~a~e:: i w a d a ~ i d n i u h u ~ s d maa"d! d l , 2

Smau~iL+u$ I ~ L L T ~ L~aanaiuiua&Ie ~aaiga~stuuds::ain 4z A di

2. ~qwfinai~Rmwaim (Error) nqWQub%ail dan~j ja l~Nl?l .~~ fi~de:!n?lN di

EmdnG nm::e~~~unaiuR~dn~~~n"11ueu~~~mdrii~ps"~~a6di q m ~ < ~ d n i u ~ d a u ~ ~ a m u m

a i yas n u L1 42 A

3. nqwjnnnna~s:: (Free Radicals) Y I ~ W ~ U L T ~ ~ I I . ~ j l ~ n i u ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a : d d i Y

8^awW"d~aiu~n~6aiR8as::biima~uin~i~ ~a~aw'i~ps"b~aa"b~mnai~fimdn~b8unai~~~m~~u\ad

l o o n. mnuQiqn'aunu3uaunum.l (Premature Aging) ~ 2 . 4 I B d u

'LundunrlwQu~%aai \uuimunuan~"11a~ni~%sldaua"u~::r~uwaui~in uu A 6da

nislmmuuan wmdn~$r9unisriiuwamwi~w"uqnssubmums~ ainimslriauiuaunasG C

6dG

- huririau5u (Progerla) ~tioinis Go ~dnnim~::~a"nw~w!asa~q~a-~~ u B

rsiaui-a::fiwuwdan %uwuibwuaeiu Gabbmnrrfid ~innis8nwi~w"~ad~maadwu~i b?uan'fia

w ~ r ~ r ~ n q r r d uadubdub#uan"unu%si stuuni '~~wnriuu"~~a~ba~m~::bw!ou~~~ai~ 75 u

il ~lm::hu 4 u ~ n r j t i i r findnfluTsnrrridariu~q::iaini~aIqiau snrflu6ans::sn G dsi vluwqniad ~ ~ a m i u ~ u b s n ~ j i a ~ ~ b ~ w n a ~ a a i ~ 7-27 fl urS;1mun~6uLr&a rmnrdubsn

C

~~r i r ia~ iu~n~: :miu Aaa iq t 2 flmds::uim

- h r 3 a / r d Werner1t syndrome) ~guoinis~mdn?dr~m~innisl&% , A

nisriiunamni~~uddfindn~ qr~nm~ufiu Jnqu6da"uiu dhwwainisvodbsn~$u~~ua ad

iiubsnbwsiiiu ~m::iaa;laiqau b e r ~ i u ~~~aq::Gainis%si Aaa i 20-30 ilwiiiu .4 B d - k ~ m a 4 own's syndrome) khrfluainisaad~sn nririauaununaiu

w^mdn?ni~dudana"nwm::~dd iainisdd16qj /[a wuwmn dms~dduu~~da~nid

stuuds::mndaunaia rS;aul%a stuur~P~u6u~aaa~ii~niuunwioJ ~uaaGpnln? fi aimsamjfaaiq 30-40 il ~ra::qzfia-~qbibfiu so il

and-Tear Theory) Y

nqwf jn~u~dna iu~~a i i iidniuaaauywd~:finaiubdaubba:ds:~w~niw

nndauaaaq::Ldaunou i-lrflu~a~dnissiau~~~uaTua::-dauddnwsalw"inai~au~s~aeii~

PC! 296 3 7

4. ~~~iwaiu

' 5 . a"tUb3~docir

utru' wsw'vad uw. (2525 : 98) rdindirji bnr~a::naiu~ni&w~I6eiou 1

funuan ISi~mri h n h u ~~1wai1.1 ~u i in ~flifi & n m . ~ ~ ~ u w i u l i 6ons:qn $4

u ~ t 9 ~~~auauw"u b~a:bw~?~m

l w kd q'u~uY'I, m. uw. (;I ~iidu ntU::nnu13ni.iiaiGqa5~Gnis~g.~