I WANT TO REVIEW BACK ON TOURISM MANAGEMENT:

“Strategies and actions…to influence tourism supply and visitor demand in order to achieve defined policy goals” (Middleton, 1998).

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

How to influence tourism supply? Managing product, infrastructure,

physical environment, human resource development.

How to influence demand?Understanding demand, manage

choice of products, manage impacts visitors produce.

TOURISM DEMAND/VISITORS MANAGEMENT

• Have knowledge of visitor (profiles, behavior, needs, trend)

• Design of visitor products (Quality, satisfaction, & cultural and environmental friendly)

• Have knowledge on capacity• Promotion (image, positioning,

provision of information)• Distribution of products, access

for customers• Pricing

• Policy and regulation

MARKETING

POLICY

TOURISM SUPPLY MANAGEMENT

• Regulation of land use• Regulation of environmental

impacts• Provision of infrastructure• Provision of training• Control of licensing• Provision of information• Financial management and

incentives

POLICY

Tourism Supply

Supply is about how to produce goods and services to satisfy tourism demand.

What to produce and when?

Where and how to produce it?

Characteristics of Tourism Supply/Products

Perishable

Intangible

Consumer inseparable from product

Open to many uncontrollable variables.

Tourism Supply

Transport Accommodation Attractions Activities Souvenirs Food and Beverage etc.

What is a tourism product comprised of?

Supply Involves Resources/Attractions and Activities

Natural Resources/Attractions Water Topography Vegetation Wildlife Climate

Man Made Resources/Attractions

Theme parks

Museums and Galleries

Heritage sites

Craft Centers

Nature Parks

Entertainment Complexes

Health Spas

Casinos

Supply: Activities

Activities Sightseeing Recreational Entertainment Shopping Learning

Festivals MICE: meetings, incentives,

conferences, events Sports-related tourism

Supply: Accommodation/Lodging

Fundamental to tourism Requires big capital investment Supply needs to be linked with visitation

levels and projected growth Too much will loose money Too little will stifle growth

Supply: Transport

It is the link between generating region & destination region; tourist and destination.

Tourist Generating Region

Transit Route Region

Tourist Destination Region

Departing Travellers

Returning Travellers

Supply: Transport

If transport supply breaks down the entire tourism collapses.

Tourist Generating Region

Transit Route Region

Tourist Destination Region

Departing Travellers

Returning Travellers

Supply: Institutional Support

Public and Private sector bodies managing the supply of tourism services

DMO – Ministry of Tourism NTOs Institutions training quality

tourism employees Banks

Supply: Other tourist facilities

Healthcare Power Water Sewerage Roads Airports

Parts of the services for residents, supplied by public sector suppliers

Supply: Travel & Tourism Intermediaries

Package the elements of supply that make up a tourism product.

These are often huge multi-national companies who generate economies of scale via bulk purchases of plane seats and hotel rooms which are sold to consumers at a profit.

Consumers can’t get the same rate even if they approach ‘principles’ i.e. suppliers directly.

Vertical Integration

Retail Travel Agents

Inbound/Outbound Tour Operators

Airlines

Attractions

Accommodation

Promotion and Distribution

Intermediaries

Suppliers

Horizontal Integration

Companies merge with or take over other companies on the same level so they can achieve greater overall market share, economies of scale and geographic coverage.

Horizontal Integration

Retail Travel Agents Retail Travel Agents

Tour Operators / Wholesalers

Tour Operators / Wholesalers

Airlines Airlines

AttractionsAttractions

Accommodation Accommodation