KATIHAL FİZİĞİ MNT-510 Nurdan Demirci Sankır

KATILARIN KRİSTAL YAPISI DERS DESTEK

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Katıların Kristal Yapısı

Ref. http://www.thefossilgeode.com/ivey_farm_10_16_04.htm

Ref. http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/solar-energy-cell-crystals.html

Ref. http://www.steelguru.com/article/details/MjU=/Solid_State_Structure.html

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

7 Kristal sistemi ve 14-Bravais Örgü

Ref. http://www.answers.com/topic/crystallography

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Ref. http://www.fen.bilkent.edu.tr/~gulseren/phys545/pdf/symmetry.pdf

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Yansıma

Ref. http://www.reciprocalnet.org/edumodules/symmetry/operations/reflection.html

Dönme

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

1-Fold Rotation An object that requires rotation of a full 360o in order to restore it to its original appearance has no rotational symmetry. Since it repeats itself 1 time every 360o it is said to have a 1-fold axis of rotational symmetry.

Ref. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/introsymmetry.htm

2-Fold Rotation If an object appears identical after a rotation of 180o, that is twice in a 360o rotation, then it is said to have a 2-fold rotation axis (360/180 = 2). Note that in these examples the axes we are referring to are imaginary lines that extend toward you perpendicular to the page or blackboard. A filled oval shape represents the point where the 2-fold rotation axis intersects the page.

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

3-Fold Rotation Objects that repeat themselves upon rotation of 120o are said to have a 3-fold axis of rotational symmetry (360/120 =3), and they will repeat 3 times in a 360o rotation. A filled triangle is used to symbolize the location of 3-fold rotation axis.

4-Fold Rotation If an object repeats itself after 90o of rotation, it will repeat 4 times in a 360o rotation, as illustrated previously. A filled square is used to symbolize the location of 4-fold axis of rotational symmetry.

Ref. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/introsymmetry.htm

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

6-Fold Rotation If rotation of 60o about an axis causes the object to repeat itself, then it has 6-fold axis of rotational symmetry (360/60=6). A filled hexagon is used as the symbol for a 6-fold rotation axis.

Rotoinversion Combinations of rotation with a center of symmetry perform the symmetry operation of rotoinversion. Objects that have rotoinversion symmetry have an element of symmetry called a rotoinversion axis.

Ref. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/introsymmetry.htm

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Bazı simetri veya geometriler için uzayın boşluk kalmayacak şekilde doldurulması mümkün değildir

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Kübik yapının dönme simetri eksenleri

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Sodyum Klorür Kristal Yapısı

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Sezyum Klorür Krsital Yapısı

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Hekzagonal Sıkı Paket

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Close Packing of Spheres

(a) Close packing of a single layer of equal-sized spheres. (b) In the hexagonal close-packed structure the atoms in the third layer lie directly over those in the first layer. The order of layers is ABAB. (c) In the cubic close-packed structure the atoms in the third layer are not over those in the first layer. Instead, they are offset a bit, and it is the fourth layer that lies directly over the first. Thus, the order of layers is ABCA

Ref. http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3311/3391416/blb1107.html

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Elmas ve Çinko Sülfit Yapılar

TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Miller İndisleri