KINYARWANDA Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi · Iyo abana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi, ubwonko bwabo bushobora kudindira. Imirire mibi ikabije ishobora kwica umuntu. Imirire

KINYARWANDA

ICITABO CY’UHUGURWA Isomo rimwe ku rutonde rw’amahugurwa agenewe Umujyanama w’Ubuzima w’Incuti Mu Buzima/IMB

INCUTI MU BUzIMa

Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi

Partners In Health (PIH)/Incuti Mu Buzima (IMB) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu wigenga washingiwe mu gihugu cya Hayiti mu myaka 20 ishize, ukaba ufite intego yo kugeza ubuvuzi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu duce turimo abantu batagira uko bivuza, guherekeza abarwayi igihe bafata imiti no gukuraho impamvu zitera ibibazo by’uburwayi bwabo. Muri iki gihe PIH/IMB ikorera mu bihugu 15 ku isi, ikaba ikoresha uburyo bukomatanyije bwo kuvura kugira ngo irwanye uruhererekane rw’ubukene n’indwara- ibyo bikorwa mu kuvura abantu no mu bindi bikorwa bikorerwa mu giturage birimo ubuhinzi, gufasha abantu kubona indyo yuzuye, amacumbi, amazi meza n’ibikorwa bibyara inyungu.

Umurimo wa IMB utangirira ku kuvura abarwayi ugakomereza ku bikorwa byo guhindura imibereho y’abaturage, guteza imbere uburyo bwo kuvura abantu n’ingamba z’ubuzima rusange. PIH/IMB yubatse inashimangira ubwo buvuzi bukomatanyije mu bihe by’amakuba akomeye nk’umutingito wayogoje ibintu muri Hayiti, mu bihugu byaranzwemo intambara nk’u Rwanda, Gwatemala n’u Burundi, tutibagiwe n’uduce dukennye cyane tw’Umujyi wa Boston muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Mu bufatanye PIH/IMB ifitanye n’ibigo n’amashuri bikomeye ku isi nk’Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard n’Ibitaro by’Abagore bya Brigham, ikora ibishoboka byose ngo ikwirakwize ubwo buvuzi bukomatanyije mu bandi bantu. PIH/IMB ikora ibishoboka byose ngo iteze imbere ibijyanye no kuvura abantu batuye mu bice bikennye cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi, ibyo ikabikora ibinyujije mu buvugizi ikora mu batera inkunga ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi hamwe n’abagira uruhare mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo.

PIH/IMB ikorera muri Hayiti, mu Burusiya, muri Peru, mu Rwanda, muri Lesoto, muri Malawi, muri Kazakistani no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. PIH/IMB ifasha kandi imishinga iyishamikiyeho ikorera muri Mexiko, muri Gwatemala, mu Burundi, muri Mali, muri Nepal no muri Liberiya. Niba mukeneye andi makuru yerekeye PIH/IMB, mushobora gusura urubuga rwa interineti rwayo ari rwo: www.pih.org.

Abakozi benshi ba PIH/IMB hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bo hanze bagize uruhare mu kwandika ibi bitabo by’amahugurwa. Ntibyadushobokera gushimira buri wese ku giti cye, ariko turazirikana cyane ubushake, umurava n’urukundo bagaragaje.

© Ibishushanyo: Jesse Hamm, 2007-2011, Petra Rohr-Rouendaal 2006, 2007, and Rebecca Ruhlmann, 2007.

© Amagambo: Partners in Health/Incuti Mu Buzima, 2011.

Amafoto yo ku rupapuro rw’inyuma: Partners in Health/Incuti Mu Buzima

Amagambo y’impuguke yo hanze: Barbara Garner

Uwatunganyije ibitabo: Mechanica and Annie Smidt

Uwasohoye inyandiko: ACME Books, Inc.

Inyandiko ya mbere yo mu cyongereza yasohotse muri Mutarama 2011

Iki gitabo tugituye ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’Abajyanama b’ubuzima bitanga batizigamye kugira ngo intego yacu ishyirwe mu bikorwa kandi bakaba ari ishingiro rya za gahunda zacu zigamije kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu no guteza imbere ibitunga abantu mu miryango ikennye cyane. Buri munsi basura abaturage bakabagezaho serivisi, uburezi n’inkunga binyuranye, kandi bakatwigisha twese ko ubufatanye ari yo ntwaro ikomeye cyane mu kurwanya indwara z’ibyorezo, ubukene no kwiheba.

Ibirimo

Intangiriro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Intego z’amahugurwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Ingingo z’ingenzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Indyo yuzuye bisobanura iki? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ibipimo nyabyo by’indyo yuzuye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Konsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Abakobwa n’Abahungu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Imirire mibi bisobanura iki? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Impamvu, Ibimenyetso n’Imivurire

by’Imirire Mibi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Gupima Umuzenguruko w’ikizigira (MUAC) . . . . . . . 31

Kubyimbagana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Gupima ibiro by’abana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Ingero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Plumpy’nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Udukino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Urutonde rw’ingingo zifasha Umujyanama

w’ubuzima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Ibindi bisobanuro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Isuzumabumenyi rya mbere y’amahugurwa . . . . . . . . 65

Isuzumabumenyi risoza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Ifishi y’isuzuma ry’uko amahugurwa yagenze . . . . . . . 73

InCut I Mu Buz IMa AMAHUGURWA Y’ABAjYANAMA B’UzIMA: IGITABO CY’UHUGURWA 1

IntangIr Iro

Kuvuga ko abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza ntibisobanura gusa ko ari uko batarwaye. Bivuga ko banafite ibiribwa bihagije mu buzima bwabo ndetse n’amazi meza bituma bagira ubuzima bwiza n’imbaraga. Abantu barya amoko yose y’ibiribwa ku gipimo gitegetswe buri munsi bafata icyo twita Imirire myiza cyangwa se Indyo yuzuye. Abantu batarya indyo yuzuye irimo ibiribwa byubaka umubiri, ibirinda indwara n’ibitera imbaraga akenshi barwara indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi. Imirire mibi bisobanura ko umubiri utabona intungamubiri za ngombwa kugira ngo ukore uko bikwiye. Iyo abantu barwaye indwara z’imirire mibi akenshi bumva bafite intege nke, bashobora no kuba bananutse cyane. Iyo abana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi, ubwonko bwabo bushobora kudindira. Imirire mibi ikabije ishobora kwica umuntu.

Imirire mibi ni ikibazo giteye inkeke mu gihugu cyacu, akaba ari yo mpamvu ibigo nderabuzima, ibitaro, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, izindi nzego za Leta hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bari gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bazirwanye. Abajyanama b’ubuzima bagomba kugira uruhare runini muri icyo gikorwa.

Abajyanama b’ubuzima bagize igice cy’ingenzi mu bikorwa byacu bikomatanyije by’ubuvuzi mu baturage bishingiye kandi byubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Igihe abajyanama b’ubuzima basuzuma imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi bakayifasha no kubona imiti, baba bayifasha kubona indyo yuzuye no kugira imibereho myiza, aribyo bure nganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu.


AMAHUGURWA Y’ABAjYANAMA B’UzIMA: IGITABO CY’UHUGURWA InCut I Mu Buz IMa2


Intego z ’aMahugurwa

Ku musozo w’aya mahugurwa, abahugurwa bazaba bashobora:

a. Gusobanura indyo yuzuye icyo ari cyo.

b. Gusobanura ubwoko 3 bw’ibiribwa n’akamaro ka buri bwoko.

c. Gusobanura ibipimo nyabyo bya buri bwoko bw’ibiribwa bihabwa abantu bafite imyaka itandukanye.

d. Gusobanura imirire mibi icyo ari cyo.

e. Kuvuga impamvu z’ingenzi, ibimenyetso n’imiti by’ibyiciro bitandukanye by’imirire mibi.

f. Gusuzuma imirire mibi ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakoresheje gupima umuzenguruko w’ikizigira (MUAC).

g. Gupima imirire mibi ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakoresheje kureba niba barabyimbaganye.

h. Gukurikirana no kwandika ibiro by’abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakoresheje amafishi yandikwaho ibiro ugereranyije n’imyaka ku bahungu n’abakobwa, no kumenya gusobanura ibiro babonye kugira ngo bemeze ko abana bafite imirire mibi.

i. Gutegura gahunda ya buri kwezi yo gupima ibiro abana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bari mu duce bashinzwe kugenzura.

j. Kuzuza amafishi yo kuvuriraho abana bato mu giturage ku bana bafite uburwayi bw’imirire mibi.

k. Kwerekana uburyo Plumpy’nut ikoreshwa no gukurikirana abana bayihabwa.

l. Kumenya ibimenyetso by’imirire mibi ku bagore batwite no ku bantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA no kubohereza ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bahabwe za vitamini, inkunga y’ibiribwa cyangwa indi miti.

m. Kwigisha imiryango ibirebana n’imirire myiza ndetse n’imirire mibi, kubigisha ibyiciro 3 by’ibiribwa bifitiye umubiri akamaro; ibipimo nyabyo bitangwa; no kubigisha ibimenyetso by’indwara z’imirire mibi n’uko zivurwa.



Ing Ingo z ’ Ingenz I

• Indyo yuzuye isobanura ko umubiri ubona ubwoko bwose bw’ibiribwa ukeneye ku bipimo nyabyo. Indyo yuzuye ni ngombwa cyane kubera ko umubiri ukoresha ibiribwa kugira ngo ugire imbaraga unabashe gusana ibikomere, mu gukura no mu kurwanya indwara zandura.

• Hariho amoko 3 y’ibiribwa. Ibiribwa byubaka umubiri bitanga poroteyini, urugero amata, amagi, ubunyobwa n’inyama. Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga bigizwe n’ ibinyasukari nk’ibijumba, umuceri n’ubugari. Ibiribwa birinda indwara bigizwe n’imboga n’imbuto, nk’intoryi, inanasi n’imyembe. Umubiri w’umuntu ukenera ayo moko uko ari atatu buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane ubuzima bwiza.

• Umuntu urya ibiryo bihagije kuri buri bwoko buri munsi aba afata ifunguro rikize ku ntungamubiri, kandi aba ari indyo yuzuye.

• Abantu bafata indyo yuzuye irimo intungamubiri za ngombwa ntibarwaragurika, bagira imbaraga zihagije zo gukora kandi bagakura neza bakanagira amagufwa n’imitsi bikomeye.

• Imirire mibi bisobanura ko umubiri w’umuntu utabona ibiribwa bihagije kuri buri bwoko bwavuzwe haruguru.

• Umuntu ufite imirire mibi agira intege nke, akunze kuba ananutse kandi ararwaragurika. Abana bafite imirire mibi bashobora kugwingira mu gukura kwabo, haba mu gihagararo cyangwa se mu bwenge. Imirire mibi ikabije ishobora kwica uyifite.

• Ibimenyetso by’imirire mibi ikabije harimo kunanuka cyane, kubyimba inda ku bana, kubyimba amaguru n’ibirenge (kubyimbagana).

• Indwara z’imirire mibi zigira ingaruka mbi cyane ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, ku bagore batwite no ku bantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA.



Ing Ingo z ’ Ingenz I birakomeza

• Abantu bafite imirire mibi yoroheje ariko igenda irushaho gukomera bagomba guhita boherezwa ku kigo nderabuzima. Imiryango irimo abantu bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi yoroheje igomba kwigishwa ibijyanye n’indyo yuzuye hamwe n’ibipimo nyabyo bigomba gutangwa, na ho abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bafite imirire mibi yabazonze bagahabwa Plumpy’nut. Iyo miryango kandi ishobora koherezwa muri Gahunda ya POSER kugira ngo ifashwe.

• Amashereka ni ifunguro n’ikinyobwa cyiza cyane ku bana. Konsa bifasha abana kubona intungamubiri zose bakeneye kandi bikabarinda indwara. Abana bagomba guhabwa ibere ryonyine mu mezi atandatu akurikira kuvuka, uko babikeneye. Nyuma y’amezi 6, abana bashobora gutangira kurya ibiryo bikomeye, ariko bagakomeza konka kugeza ku myaka ibiri cyangwa no hejuru yayo. Abagore babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA bashobora konsa abana babo iyo batangiye gufata imiti igabanya ubukana (ARVs) nibura mu mezi 3 mbere yo kubyara.

• Abahungu n’abakobwa bose bakenera ibipimo bingana by’ibiribwa kugira ngo bakure neza kandi bagire ubuzima buzira umuze. Abakobwa ntibagomba guhabwa ibiribwa bike ugereranyije n’abahungu.



Indyo yuzuye B IsoBanura IK I ?

• Indyo yuzuye bivuga kurya ibiribwa nyabyo bihagije bituma umubiri wawe ubona intungamubiri ukeneye kugira ngo ukore neza kandi ugumane ubuzima bwiza.

• Indyo yuzuye ntibivuga kurya byinshi kugeza ubwo wumva inzara ishize. Bisobanura kurya indyo nyayo yuzuye, ibiyigize byahujwe uko bikwiye, kugira ngo ifashe umubiri gukura, gukora no kwirinda.

• Iyo uriye ifunguro nyaryo rihagije byitwa“indyo yuzuye.”

ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibiribwa ugomba kurya kugira ngo ube wafashe indyo yuzuye?

• Ugomba kurya ibiribwa birinda indwara nk’imbuto n’imboga, ibyubaka umubiri nk’inyama n’ibikomoka ku matungo, hamwe n’ibiribwa bitera imbaraga (byitwa ibinyamafufu) nk’ibijumba n’ubugari.

• Ugomba kurya buri bwoko ku gipimo gihagije ku moko atatu y’ibiribwa kugira ngo umubiri wawe ubashe kubaka no gusana amagufwa n’uruhu byawo, wirinde indwara zandura no kugira ngo ubone imbaraga ukenera buri munsi.

• Abantu bakuru hamwe n’abana barengeje imyaka 5 bagomba nibura gufata amafunguro atubutse incuro 2 ku munsi). Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bagomba gufata nibura amafunguro aciriritse incuro 4–5 ku munsi kugira ngo afashe umubiri wabo gukura uko bikwiye. Abana bakiri bato cyane bagomba konka nibura incuro 8 ku munsi, cyangwa se incuro zose basabye amata. Twese tugomba gufata indyo ihagije kugira ngo imibiri yacu ikure neza, yisubire, ibashe kurwanya indwara kandi yororoke.



Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga

Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga

Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga biha umubiri imbaraga ukeneye ngo umuntu akore, agende, yiruke, aseke, arye anahumeke.

Ingero z’ibiribwa bitera imbaraga

• Ibijumba

• Imyumbati

• Ubugari

• Imyungu

• Umuceri

• Porici

• Ibitoki

• Umugati

• Ingano, Amasaka hamwe n’ibindi binyampeke



Ibiribwa byubaka umubiri

Ibiribwa byubaka umubiri

Ibiribwa byubaka umubiri biwufasha gukura no kwisana ubwawo. Bifasha imitsi yacu kwirema, uruhu rwacu rukisana iyo rwacitse, amagufwa yacu agakura mu ngufu no mu burebure bikanafasha imisatsi n’inzara byacu gukura.

Ingero z’ibiribwa byubaka umubiri

• Inyama z’inka n’iz’ihene

• Amafi

• Inyama z’inkoko

• Ibikomoka ku matungo birimo amagi, amata, foromaje

• Ibishyimbo

• Ubunyobwa

• Rantiye

• Udusimba turibwa



Ibiribwa birinda indwara

Ibiribwa birinda indwara

Ibiribwa birinda indwara birinda umubiri gufatwa n’indwara. Ibiribwa byifitemo za vitamini nk’imboga n’imbuto bifasha ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wacu bigatuma ugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Ingero z’ibiribwa birinda indwara

• Imyembe

• Inanasi

• Itomati

• Puwavuro

• Karoti

• Citrouille cyangwa isombe

• Okra, gombo

• Avoka

• Amapapayi

• Intoryi

• Imboga rwatsi-Dodo

• Imboga za epinari



Ibiribwa bikorerwa mu nganda

Ibiribwa bikorerwa mu nganda

Ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe bikorerwa mu nganda ntibibarirwa mu moko 3 y’ibiribwa twavuze. Abana n’abantu bakuru bashobora kurya ibiryo bikorerwa mu nganda kubera ko biryoshye cyangwa bibashimisha, nyamara nta cyo bifasha imibiri yabo na gato. Akenshi, ibyo biribwa byangiza imibiri yabo biyuzuzamo isukari n’ibinure byinshi maze bikayibuza gukora neza.

Ingero z’ibiribwa bikorerwa mu nganda bitari byiza ku mibiri yacu.

• Fanta

• Imitobe iryohereye cyane

• Za gato

• Bisikwi

• Ifiriti

• Imbombo

Ibi biribwa biraryohera cyane kubera ko bigira isukari n’umunyu mwinshi, ariko si byiza ku mibiri yacu. Ntibitanga ingufu nyinshi, ntibifasha kubaka amagufwa n’imitsi bifite ubuzima bwiza kandi ntibirinda umubiri indwara zandura. N’ubwo bimwe muri ibi biryo bihendutse kandi bikaba biryoha cyane, tugomba kubyirinda. Bishobora kuba bibi cyane ku bana kubera



ko baba bagikura kandi bakaba bafatwa n’indwara vuba kurusha abantu bakuru. Abana bakenera ibiribwa birimo intungamubiri kugira ngo imibiri yabo ikure ikomeye.



I B Ip IMo nyaByo By ’ Indyo yuzuye

Ibipimo by’indyo yuzuye ku bana biteye bitya:Umwana ufite munsi y’amezi 6: Abana bagomba konka nibura incuro ziri hagati ya 8–12 ku munsi, igihe cyose babikeneye. Kugaburira umubyeyi kenshi bituma agira amashereka menshi kandi bigafasha umwana gukura akomeye kandi afite ubuzima bwiza.

Kuva ku mezi 6–8: Abana bagomba konka igihe cyose babishatse kandi bakagaburirwa incuro ziri hagati ya 2–3 ku munsi. Tangiza umwana ibiryo byoroshye (urugero nka porici) maze ugende wongeramo ibikomeye gahoro gahoro. Umwana ashobora guhabwa ibiribwa bikomoka ku matungo nk’inyama, amagi n’amafi hakiri kare, ariko bigomba kuba binombye cyangwa se babikasemo uduce duto umwana abasha kumira. Tangiza umwana ibiyiko 2–3 uko umugaburiye, ugende wongera gahoro ugeze ku rushyi rwuzuye cyangwa se ugeze hafi ½ cy’igikombe gipima miliritiro 250.

Kuva ku mezo 9 kugeza ku myaka 2: Mugaburire ibindi biribwa incuro 3–4 ku munsi byunganira kumwonsa. Gaburira abana bato bafite hagati y’amezi 9–11 ibiribwa byakuzura urushyi byiyongera ku mashereka cyangwa hafi ½ cy’igikombe cya milimetero 250 uko umugaburiye. Gaburira abana bafite hagati y’amezi 12 na 23 igipimo kinini, cyangwa kuva kuri ¾ kugeza ku gikombe cyose cya milimetero 250 uko umugaburiye. Gaburira abana bafite imyaka 2 no gusubiza hejuru ibiryo byinshi, cyangwa se igikombe cyose cya miliritiro 250 uko umugaburiye. Ugomba gushyiramo ibiribwa byinshi bikomoka ku matungo nk’inyama, amagi n’amafi.

Ku mezi 12, abana bose baba bashobora kurya ibiribwa byose bikomeye byiyongera ku mashereka. Ushobora gukomeza kubaha ibiryo binombye kuko byoroshye ku bana bato kubirya. Ushobora kumuha ibiribwa byoroheje birimo intungamubiri z’inyongera (nk’imbuto, imigati cyangwa ubunyobwa) incuro 1 cyangwa 2 ku munsi uko abishaka, uhereye ku mezi 6. Niba ingano n’ireme ry’ibiryo uha umwana biri hasi, cyangwa se umwana akaba atacyonka, muhe igikombe 1 cyangwa 2 by’amata cyangwa amafunguro y’inyongera 2 buri munsi.

Kuva ku mezi 12 kugeza ku myaka 5: Abana bagomba konka kugeza ku myaka 2 banahabwa ibiribwa bikomeye ku buryo buhoraho. Abana bakiri bato batacyonka bagomba guhabwa nibura amafunguro yuzuye inshuro 4 ku munsi arimo amoko 3 y’ibiribwa umubiri ukeneye.



Ibipimo by’indyo yuzuye ku bantu bakuru

Abantu bakuru bagomba gufata amafunguro atubutse inshuro 2 ku munsi, wongereyeho deseri (imbuto). Buri funguro rigomba kuba ririmo amoko 3 y’ibiribwa, urugero ibikombe 2 by’ifu y’ibigori, akaguru 1 k’inkoko n’ikirahuri cy’umutobe.

Abantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA bakenera kurya cyane kurusha abandi bantu bakuru (hiyongeraho 15–20%).

Abagore batwite na bo bakenera kurya cyane kugira ngo bagire ubuzima bwiza hamwe n’abana batwite (bakenera kalori 500 z’inyongera cyangwa kongeraho 25% ku byo basanzwe barya). Iyo abantu basanzwe barya incuro 2 ku munsi bisobanura ko bagomba kongeraho incuro ya gatatu, ni ukuvuga ½ cy’ayo mafunguro 2 cyangwa se bakongera igipimo cya rimwe muri ayo mafunguro.



Konsa

Konsa

ni ibihe biribwa n’ibinyobwa bibereye abana bato (bafite munsi y’amezi 6)?

Amashereka yonyine nicyo kiribwa n’ikinyobwa ku bana mu mezi 6 ya mbere yabo yo kubaho. Mu mezi atandatu abanza, abana ntibaba bakeneye ibiribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa ibyo ari byo byose, habe yewe n’amazi. Amashereka yifitemo intungamubiri zose umwana akenera.

umubyeyi agomba konsa umwana we incuro zingahe (iyo afite munsi y’amezi 6)?

Umwana agomba konka nibura incuro 8 ku munsi, amanywa n’ijoro, uko abikeneye. Konsa umwana kenshi bituma amabere y’umubyeyi akora amashereka menshi kurushaho.



Kuki konsa ari byiza ku bana? Amashereka aha umwana muto intungamubiri zose akenera. Konsa kandi bifasha kurinda impinja n’abana bato kurwaragurika kuko amashereka arimo abasirikari b’umubiri w’umubyeyi bafasha kwirinda indwara. Nta yandi mata ayo ari yo yose yifitemo aba basirikari.

amata akomoka ku matungo cyangwa ay’ifu muyatekerezaho iki? ese si meza ku bana? Oya. Amata akomoka ku matungo aba akomeye ku mwana kuko igifu kitabasha kuyagogora, kimwe n’amata y’ifu. Amata y’ifu akoreshejwe amazi yanduye ashobora gutera umwana impiswi, iyo ikaba ari ndwara mbi cyane ku bana.

ese abagore babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko getera sIda bashobora konsa abana babo nta kibazo? Yego, iyo batangiye gufata imiti igabanya ubukana nibura amezi 3 mbere yo kubyara kandi bakaba bagifata imiti 3 igabanya ubukana igihe bonsa. Iyo umubyeyi atatangiye imiti igabanya ubukana nibura mu mezi 3 abanziriza kubyara, agomba kugaburira umwana we akoresheje amata y’ifu akoresheje amazi afite meza.

ese umubyeyi agomba konsa umwana we kugeza ku myaka ingahe? Kugeza ku myaka 2 no hejuru yayo, kubera ko amashereka aha umwana ifunguro, imbaraga n’ubwirinzi ku ndwara. Nyuma y’amezi 6, umwana ashobora gutangira kurya ibiribwa bikomeye.

ni gute umubyeyi ashobora gukora amashereka menshi?Uko umubyeyi arushaho konsa, amabere ye arushaho gukora amashereka menshi. Iyo umwana ari gukurura imoko, amabere y’umubyeyi arabyumva agakora amashereka menshi.

ese abagore bakora iki igihe bafite ikibazo cyo kutabasha konsa?Bashobora gusaba ubufasha ku kigo nderabuzima, cyangwa gusaba abagore babimenyereye mu giturage kubafasha.



aBaKoBwa n’aBahungu

abakobwa n’abahungu

ni bande bakeneye ibiribwa byinshi, abakobwa cyangwa abahungu?Abakobwa n’Abahungu bakenera ibipimo bingana by’ibiribwa. Bose bakenera ibiribwa by’amoko yose bihagije kugira ngo bakure neza kandi bafire ubuzima bwiza ku mubiri no mu bwenge.

ni iki wakora mu gufasha imiryango kugaburira no kwita ku bakobwa nk’uko babikorera abahungu n’abagabo?Igisha imiryango ko abahungu n’abakobwa bakenera ibipimo bingana by’ibiribwa by’ubwoko bwose kugira ngo bakure banatere imbere uko bikwiye. Igisha imiryango ingaruka mbi z’imirire mibi n’uburyo ishobora kubera umuryango umutwaro ukomeye, tutibagiwe gutera abana ubumuga buhoraho n’ibindi.

Rimwe na rimwe, abana bato – abakobwa cyangwa abahungu – ntibabasha kurya byinshi kubera ko bakuru babo barya vuba bakabacura. Ugomba gufasha imiryango kugenzura ko abana mu kigero cyabo bahabwa ibiribwa bihagije by’ubwoko bwose kuri buri funguro bafashe.



IM Ir Ire MIB I B IsoBanura IK I ?

Imirire mibi ibaho iyo umubiri utabona ibiribwa bihagije cyangwa ntubone amoko yose akenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore neza.

Ingaruka z’imirire mibi – cyane cyane ku bana, abagore batwite n’abantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa izinda indwara zinyuranye – zishobora kuba mbi cyane.

Abantu bafite imirire mibi bararwaragurika cyane, bakaba bamara igihe bararembye kurusha abantu basanzwe bafata ifunguro ryuzuye. Ntibagira imbaraga zihagije. Abana barwaye indwara z’imirire mibi bashobora gutakaza ibiro byinshi, bakadindira mu mikurire rimwe na rimwe bakaba banagendanirako. Abagore batwite bashobora kugira ibibazo igihe cyo kubyara cyangwa bamaze kubyara. Iyo umubyeyi afite ingaruka zikomoka ku mirire mibi, umwana atwite ashobora kuvuka ari muto cyane kandi nta mbaraga afite. Abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa izindi ndwara zinyuranye bararwaragurika cyane iyo bafite indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi kubera ko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri buba nta mbaraga bufite.

Nk’uko mubizi, imirire mibi iterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Bimwe muri ibi bibazo nko kubura amakuru, ni ibintu abajyanama b’ubuzima bashobora gufasha gukemura. Ibindi bibazo nk’ubukene cyangwa uburwayi bukabije biragoye kubikemura ubwabo.

ni ibihe bintu bitera imirire mibi? Ni izihe mpamvu zerekana ko imirire mibi ibaho mu baturage bacu?

• Kubura amafaranga yo kugura ibiribwa

• Kubura ubutaka bwo guhingaho imyaka

• Kutonsa abana n’igihe nta kibazo byatera

• Kurya ibiryo bike cyangwa se bidahoraho

• Kongera amazi muri porici cyangwa mu mata y’ifu

• Ingo ziyoborwa n’abana

• Imyumvire ya kera nko kuvuga ko inyama zihabwa gusa abahungu n’ abagabo

• Imico ishaje itegeka ko abagore ari bo bagomba guteka, gukora imirimo no kwita ku muryango muri rusange. Iyo bigenze bityo,



abagore ntibabasha buri gihe kubonera abagize umuryango ibyo kurya biboneye.

• Imiryango igizwe n’abantu benshi ntibashe kubona ibiribwa bibahagije

• Indwara zinyuranye nk’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA zigabanya gushaka kurya cyangwa zigatuma umubiri utabasha kwinjiza intungamubiri

• Abategura ibiribwa cyangwa ababihaha mu muryango usanga bararembye batabasha guteka cyangwa gukora

• Kubura ubumenyi ku ifunguro ryuzuye

Imirire mibi ni ikibazo kiri henshi mu gihugu cyacu, kandi kiragoye cyane kugikemura. Nk’abajyanama b’ubuzima, ntimushobora gukemura ibibazo byose bitera imirire mibi. Ariko kandi, mushobora kwigisha imiryango iby’ibanze ku indyo yuzuye, gusuzuma imirire mibi mu baturage ushinzwe no kohereza abantu bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi ku kigo nderabuzima. Ushobora kandi gushishikariza imiryango kwitabira imyitozo ikorerwa ku kigo nderabuzima yo kwerekera uko bahinga n’uko bateka. Ukanavugana n’uhagarariye Gahunda y’ubufasha (POSER) ku kibazo cy’imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi. Nyuma y’aho ugomba kwandika amakuru areba imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi kugira ngo ikigo nderabuzima, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima n’izindi nzego za Leta zibishakire umuti urambye. Mu bice byose bisigaye by’aya mahugurwa turibanda kuri ubu bumenyi.

Mwibuke ko mufite uruhare runini cyane mu bikorwa byacu byo kugeza ku bantu ubuvuzi bukomatanyije kandi bwubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Igihe usuzuma imiryango ifite ibibazo by’imirire mibi ukayifasha kubona imiti, uba uyifasha kubona indyo yuzuye no kugira imibereho myiza, ibyo bikaba ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu.



IMpaMvu, IB IMenyetso n ’ IMIvurIre By ’ IMIr Ire MIB I

ni ibihe bimenyetso by’imirire mibi muzi?

• Kubyimba inda

• Kunanuka birenze urugero

• Imitsi irabura ku mubiri

• Abana baragwingira (ntibiyongera ibiro cyangwa mu gihagararo)

• Ikibyimba mu ijosi (umwingo)

• Kutabona nijoro cyangwa kunanirwa kureba (kubura Vitamini A mu mubiri)

• Umusatsi ujya gutukura cyangwa kuba umweru ku bana barwaye bwaki ibyimbisha

• Amaboko, amaguru n’ ibirenge byabyimbaganye

ni ibihe byiciro 3 by’abantu bigira ibyago byinshi byo kugira imirire mibi?

• Abagore batwite

• Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5

• Abantu babana n’ ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Kuki abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 baba bashobora kugira ikibazo cy’imirire mibi?

Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakenera ifunguro ryuzuye rifasha imibiri n’ubwenge bwabo gukura neza. Iyo imibiri n’ubwenge byabo bidakuze neza, bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka mbi mu buzima bwabo bwose.



ni abahe bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 baba bashobora kwibasirwa n’imirire mibi?

• Abana bavukanye ibiro bike cyane

• Abana bafite basaza na bashiki babo bapfuye bakurikiranye

• Abana bato mu muryango ufite abana benshi, cyangwa abana bafite abavandimwe benshi bavutse ari indahekana

• Abana barwaye imbasa, inkorora idahagarara, impiswi, ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa izindi indwara zikomeye

• Abana bacukijwe ibere imburagihe

• Impanga

• Imfubyi



Bwaki yumisha na Bwaki ibyimbisha

Bwaki yumisha na Bwaki ibyimbisha

Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha bisobanura iki?

Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha zombi ni indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi.

Ibimenyetso bya bwaki yumisha

• Kubyimba inda

• Kubyimbagana amaboko, amaguru, na/cyangwa mu maso

• Imikaya (inyama z’umubiri) zirayonga

• Uruhu rurihinahina ugasigara ubona amagufwa

• Kugira intege nke

• Gusonza cyane



Ibimenyetso bya bwaki ibyimbisha

• Imisatsi itukura cyangwa yacuranye ku bana

• Amaboko, amaguru n’ibirenge byabyimbaganye

• Umwuma

• Ibindi bimenyetso by’uburwayi birasa n’ibya bwaki yumisha

Bwaki yumisha na bwaki ibyimbisha ziterwa n’iki?

Kubura ibiribwa, cyane cyane za poroteyine n’ibinyasukari; akenshi ibi bibaho iyo umwana acukijwe ntabe acyonka, iyo umwana atarya ngo ahage, cyangwa iyo atagaburiwe ibyubaka umubiri bihagije birimo inyama, amata, amagi, cyangwa ibishyimbo.

Wakora iki usanze umwana wo mu rugo ushinzwe arwaye bwaki yumisha cyangwa ibyimbisha?

Kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya. Uwo mwana avurirwa ku kigo nderabuzima maze umuryango we ugahabwa Plumpy’nut. Byongeye kandi ugomba kohereza uwo muryango muri Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) kugira ngo uhabwe imfashanyo y’ibiribwa ndetse n’inyigisho zerekeye uburyo bwo gutegura indyo yuzuye.



guhorota bitewe n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera sIda

guhorota bitewe n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera sIda

Kuki abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira imirire mibi?

Abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA akenshi bagira ibibazo by’imirire mibi kubera ko bandura indwara zandura zituma imibiri itakaza ibiro ntinabashe kwakira intungamubiri.

Abantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko getera SIDA akenshi ntibarya ibihagije cyangwa se ntibarya ibiribwa birimo intungamubiri kubera ko bumva badashaka kurya cyangwa se ntibitabwaho uko bikwiye.

Guhorota kubera ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA

Abantu babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA akenshi batakaza ibiro byinshi kubera kurwara indwara zandura no kutarya ibihagije. Umuntu ubana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA arananuka ku buryo budasanzwe, ubwo ni ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA buhorotesha.



Ibimenyetso byo guhorota

• Kunanuka birenze urugero

• Imikaya (inyama z’umubiri) irayonga.

• Uruhu rurihinahina ugasigara ubona amagufwa gusa.

Kuki abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera sIda baba bafite

ibyago byinshi byo kugira (kurwara) imirire mibi?

ni gute imiryango, abarera abana n’ abajyanama b’ubuzima bashobora gufasha

abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera sIda gufata indyo yuzuye?

Agahinda Gusangira n’abandi bituma yirinda kwigunga – bashobora gutera uwo muntu ishyaka ryo kurya.

Ibisebe byo mu kanwa Kwiyunyuguza bakoresheje amazi ashyushye n’umunyu.

Ibisebe byo ku munwa Rya ibiryo binombye cyangwa bikataguye cyangwa isupu/potage.

Shyira amavuta y’ubuto ku munwa.

Isesemi no kuruka Rya ibipimo bito by’ibiribwa byoroheje.

Impiswi Fata igipimo gito cy’ ibiribwa ariko akenshi.

Ibiribwa bifite/bidafite uburyohe

Koresha ibirungo byiza kugira ngo ibiryo biryohe cyane.

Intege nke zitewe n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA

Abagize umuryango cyangwa abaturanyi bashobora gutegura amafunguro.

Kubura amafaranga Inyunganizi y’ibiribwa itangwa n’ikigo nderabuzima; baza umusosiyari.



Kuki abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera sIda baba bafite

ibyago byinshi byo kugira (kurwara) imirire mibi?

ni gute imiryango, abarera abana n’ abajyanama b’ubuzima bashobora gufasha

abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera sIda gufata indyo yuzuye?

Imiti igabanya ubukana ya ARV ituma abantu bumva bafite isesemi cyangwa bakumva bazungurira

Igipimo gito cy’ibiribwa; rya igihe isesemi igabanutse.

Guhurwa ibyo kurya Umuntu ashobora kugendagenda n’amaguru kugira ngo yongere ubushake gushaka kurya.

(Abahugurwa bashobora gutanga ibindi ibitekerezo.)



Kubura amaraso mu mubiri

Kubura amaraso mu mubiri

Kubura amaraso bisobanura iki?

Igihe mu maraso nta “fer” ihagije irimo. “Fer” ni intungamubiri ifasha mu kuzengurutsa umwuka mwiza (oxigen) mu mubiri wose.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kubura amaraso?

Kutarya ibiribwa birimo “fer” ihagije nk’inyama n’imboga rwatsi. Iyo umugore asamye, agomba kujya kwisuzumisha ku kigo nderabuzima agahabwa inyongera ya “fer.” (Agomba kandi kurya ibiribwa birimo “fer” buri gihe kugira ngo yirinde kubura amaraso.)

Ni nde ufite ibyago byo kubura amaraso?

Abagore batwite kubera ko imibiri yabo igomba gukora amaraso menshi agomba no gufasha umwana atwite. Ayo maraso akeneye inyongera ya “fer” nyinshi kugira ngo atware umwuka mwiza (“oxygen”) anafashe umwana gukura.



Ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso

• Umwera mwinshi ku mubiri

• Kweruruka cyane mu bitsike by’amaso n’imbere mu kanwa

• Inzara zihinduka umweru

• Umunaniro ukabije

• Kubura umwuka

Wakora iki usanze umwe mu bagore batwite usuye afite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso?

• Hita umwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa inyongera y’ikinini cya “fer” ku buntu.

• Nyuma yo kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima, mwigishe ibiribwa bikungahe kuri fer nk’imboga rwatsi, inyama, amagi, amata n’amafi, hanyuma umwigishe n’umuryango uburyo abagore batwite bagomba gufata ibiribwa by’inyongera ku nyungu zabo n’iz’abana bakeneye gukura.

• Ugomba kandi kwibutsa abagore bose batwite kujya ku kigo nderabuzima muri gahunda ihoraho yo kwisuzumisha mbere yo kubyara. Igihe cyo kwisuzumisha mbere yo kubyara umuganga asuzuma ko umubyeyi nta kibazo cyo kubura amaraso afite.



Kutabona nijoro

Kutabona nijoro

Kutabona nijoro bisobanura iki?

Iyo umuntu adashobora kubona nijoro cyangwa ahantu hari urumuri ruke ubusanzwe yagombye kubona.

Kutabona nijoro biterwa n’iki?

Kubura Vitamini A mu biribwa ku buryo bukabije.

Ni ba nde bafite ibyago byo kutabona nijoro?

• Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bashobora kugira iki kibazo kubera ko amaso yabo aba agikura, biryo bakaba bakeneye Vitamini A kurusha abantu bakuru kugira ngo bagire amaso abona neza.

• Abagore batwite bakenera Vitamin A nyinshi kugira ngo yunganire ifunguro ryabo n’abana babo bakeneye gukura. Iyo batabonye vitamini ihagije, bo cyangwa abana babo bashobora kurwara.



Ni ibihe ibimenyetso byo kutabona nijoro?

• Umuntu utabona nijoro ashobora kugonga ibintu nijoro kubera ko ataba abasha kureba mu mwijima kimwe n’abandi bantu bazima. Bishatse kubuga ko amaso ye atabasha kubona mu mwijima, ubusanzwe adufasha kuvangura amasura n’ibintu. Iyo kutabona nijoro bitavuwe, bishobora gutera ubuhumyi bwa burundu.

Uzakora iki numenya ko umuntu afite ikibazo cyo kutabona nijoro?

• Mwohereze ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa inyongera ya Vitamin A ku buntu.

• Igisha abaturage ibirebana no kutabona nijoro n’uburyo babyirinda, barya amafunguro akungahe kuri Vitamin A nk’amacunga, imbuto n’ imboga (karoti, imyungu, pome), amapapayi) n’umwijima.

• Igisha ababyeyi kujya gushaka buri gihe inyongera ya Vitamini A ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, nk’uko biteganyijwe ku ikarita y’ikingira y’umwana. Vitamini A itangirwa ubuntu ku kigo nderabuzima.



umwingo/Kubura Iyodi

umwingo/Kubura Iyodi

Umwingo ni iki?

Umwingo ni inyonjo cyangwa ikibyimba kiburungushuye kiza mu ijosi.

Ni iyihe impamvu itera umwingo?

Imyakura yo mu ijosi irabyimba cyane kubera ko umuntu atarya ibiribwa byinshi birimo iodine, urugero umunyu wa iode ubwawo, imboga zeze ku butaka burimo iode, ibyera mu mazi, amagi n’ibikomoka ku matungo. Ubugari bw’ imyumbati buri gihe nabyo bushobora gutera umwingo kubera ko imyumbati ibuza umubiri gukoresha iodine.

Ni ba nde bafite ibyago byo kurwara umwingo kurusha abandi?

Abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 15 hamwe n’abagore bageze mu kigero cyo kubyara (imyaka 15–45) ni bo bakunze kurwara umwingo ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Mu miryango imwe, abana n’abagore bahabwa ibiribwa bitarimo iodine, noneho ibiribwa bifite iodine (amagi, umunyu n’ibikomoka ku matungo) bikabikirwa abagabo. Ibyo bishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye cyane.



Ni gute kubura Iyodi bishobora kuzahaza abana?

Abana bafite ikibazo cyo kubura Iyodi mu mubiri bashobora kugira ibibazo bihoraho mu mikurire y’ubwenge bwabo.

Iyo umugore utwite afite ikibazo cy’ibura rya Iyodi mu mubiri, umwana atwite ashobora kugira ikibazo mu bwonko cyangwa akavukana ubwenge buke ugereranyije n’abandi bana. Ibi bisobanura ko ubwonko bw’umwana budakura uko bikwiye. Umwana uhorana ibibazo by’imikurire y’ubwonko ashobora kutabasha kuvuga cyangwa ntakore imirimo neza. Uwo mwana ashobora kutabasha kwiga gusoma cyangwa kwiyambika cyangwa kwigaburira.

Ugomba gukora iki umenye ko umuntu arwaye umwingo?

Mwohereze ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya aho azahabwa inyongera ya iodine ku buntu.

Igisha abaturage akamaro ko kurya ibiribwa bikize kuri iodine nk’umunyu wa iodine ubwawo, imboga zeze ahantu hari iodine, amafi, amagi n’amata.



gup IMa uMuzenguruKo w’ IK Iz Ig Ira (MuaC)

Igikoresho cyifashishwa ni MUAC, cyangwa gupima “Umuzenguruko w’ikizigira.” MUAC ikoreshwa ku bana bafite hagati y’amezi 6 n’imyaka 5. Ugomba gupima abana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 buri kwezi uko usuye ingo ushinzwe.

uko ibice byo gupima umuzenguruko w’ikizigira bikurikirana

1. Shakisha umwenge w’agashumi gapima ikizigira (MUAC).

2. Shyira umwenge ku rutugu rw’ibumoso rw’umwana, amabara y’agashumi areba ku nkorora y’umwana.



3. Pima umwanya uri hagati y’umwenge n’inkokora y’umwana.

4. Shakisha hagati na hagati y’urutugu n’inkokora. Aho hagati ni ho uza gupimira ikizigira (MUAC).



5. Shyira agashumi gapima ikizigira ukazengurukije akaboko k’umwana hagati na hagati y’urutugu n’inkokora.

6. Seseka agace ko hasi mu mwenge w’agashumi.



7. Ibara/sentimetero ubona mu mwenge ni cyo gipimo cya MUAC, kikaba cyerekana uko imirire y’umwana ihagaze.

8. Umutuku (sentimetero 5.5–11) = umwana agomba koherezwa ku ivuriro ako kanya.

Umuhondo (sentimetero 11–12.5) = ifunguro ry’umwana rigomba kugenzurwa n’umuryango ukigishwa uburyo bwo kugaburira umwana ifunguro ryuzuye.

Icyatsi kibisi (sentimetero 12.5 cyangwa kurenzaho) = Umwana afite ubuzima bwiza. Umuryango ugomba gushimwa no gukomeza ishyaka no kugaburira umwana neza.

9. Andika ibipimo byawe ku mafishi yabugenewe.



KuBy IMBagana

Kubyimbagana

Kubyimbagana bigaragara ku birenge by’umwana, ku bice byo hepfo by’amaguru, ku maboko, mu maso, rimwe na rimwe umubiri, wose ukabyimbagana. Kubyimbagaba bishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi, ariko bigaragarira ku birenge by’umwana. Akenshi biterwa n’imirire mibi, ku kubura poroteyine by’umwihariko. Kubyimbagana bikunze kujyana na bwaki ibyimbisha twaganiriyeho mu bice bibanza. Iyo ujombye urutoki mu gice cy’akaguru kabyimbaganye, ikimenyetso cy’urwo rutoki akenshi gikomeza kugaragara. Ibyo byitwa kubyimbagana.

Kubyimbagana bishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Nyamara kandi, iyo umwana atababara iyo ukoze ahabyimbye ku kaguru, akenshi icyo aba ari ikimenyetso cyo kubyimbagana giterwa n’imirire mibi. Iyo umwana



abababara, uko kubyimbagana gushobora kuba kwatewe n’indi mpamvu. Uwo mwana agomba koherezwa ku kigo nderabuzima.

gutahura ko umwana yabyimbaganye:

1. Jomba urutoki rwa meme cyane hejuru y’ikirenge cy’umwana cyangwa ku magufwa y’umurundi.

2. Kanda umare amasegonda 3.

3. Kuraho urutoki rwawe.

4. Niba ubonye ikimenyetso (umwobo) ku birenge byombi aho wajombye intoki, icyo kiraba ari ikimenyetso cyo kubyimbagana. Uwo mwana ashobora kuba yarabyimbaganye kubera imirire mibi, bityo agomba koherezwa ku kigo nderabuzima.

Icyo wakora uramutse usanze umwana yarabyimbaganye

1. Ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, uzuza amafishi yo kohereza akoreshwa mu buvuzi bw’ibanze bukomatanyije ku ndwara z’abana (PCIME), maze uhite ubohereza ku kigo nderabuzima.

2. Niba umwana yarabyimbaganye akaguru 1 gusa, ntiwuzuza ifishi yo kumwohereza kwa muganga. Ugomba kuburira umuryango ko uwo mwana ashobora kuba atangiye kugira imirire mibi, sobanurira umuryango ibibi by’indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi ikabije, kandi ubasobanurira ko umwana wabo akeneye kurya ibiribwa byubaka umubiri byinshi nk’amagi, inkoko, inyama, amata cyangwa ibishyimbo.

3. Ku ngero z’imirire mibi idakabije mu bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, ugomba kubwira umuryango ko bagomba kugaruka kwisuzumisha nyuma y’iminsi mike kugira ngo barebe uko umwana ahagaze. Basobanurire ko umwana naramuka arembye bagomba kumujyana ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya.



4. Andika amakuru arebana no kubyimbagana ku mafishi yabugenewe.

5. Igihe ukora igenzura, reba kubyimbagana ku maguru yombi, maze ubaze abagize umuryango ibyo bahinduye mu ifunguro ry’umwana.

6. Andika amakuru ubonye mu isura ryawe ku mafishi yabigenewe.

Iyo umwana yabyimbaganye amaguru yombi, ugomba gukora iki?

• Kumwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya.

• Uzuza amafishi yabigenewe.

Iyo umwana yabyimbaganye akaguru 1, ugomba gukora iki?

• Kwigisha umuryango ibibi n’impanvu zitera kubyimbagana. Basobanurire ko umwana afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi bityo akaba akeneye ibiribwa byubaka umubiri nk’amagi, amata, inyama, inkoko, cyangwa ibishyimbo.

• Sobanura ko uzagaruka gusuzuma umwana, kandi ko bagomba kumujyana ku kigo nderabuzima ako kanya niba agaragaje ibimenyetso mpuruza.

• Andika amakuru kuri gahunda yo kuvurira abana bato mu giturage ku mafishi maze ukurikirane mu munsi 1 kugeza ku iminsi 2.



gup IMa IB Iro By ’aBana

Kumanika umunzani

1. Manika umunzani uringaniye ku buryo urushinge rw’umukara rureba hejuru.

2. Zirika umutwe w’icyuma ku ishami ry’igiti cyangwa ku mugozi.

3. Reba ko urushinge rw’umukara ruri kuri “0.” Niba rutariho, ruzengurutse ugana iburyo kugeza igihe rugereye kuri “0.”

4. Shyira umwana mu ikabutura yo gupima.

5. Zirika ikabutura mu cyuma kimanitse munsi y’umunzani.

6. Iyo ushyize ikabutura mu munzani, urushinge rw’umukara rurikaraga ubwarwo.

7. Iyo uvanye ikabutura mu munzani, urushinge rugomba kugaruka kuri “0.”

8. Ibiro umwana afite bigaragarira mu kaziga k’imibare y’umukara. Imirongo mito iri hagati y’imibare isobanura amagarama, abarwa mu 100s.

9. Umunzani ushobora gupima kugeza ku biro 25.

gukoresha iminzani y’abakuru mu gupima abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5

1. Tereka umunzani hasi ahantu harambuye maze ugenzure ko urushinge rureba kuri zero.

2. Saba umubyeyi kwambura umwana imyenda n’inkweto, amuterure maze ahagarare ku munzani amucigatiye.

3. Andika ibiro by’umubyeyi n’umwana biteranye.

4. Pima umubyeyi wenyine hanyuma uvane ibiro bye mu by’umubyeyi n’umwana.

5. Icyo ubona ni byo biro by’umwana.



Ifishi y’imikurire

Buru kwezi ugomba gupima ibiro by’abana bose bari mu gace ukoreramo ukandika Imyaka/Ibiro ku mafishi y’imikurire yabo.

Umutuku = umwana agomba guhita yoherezwa ku ivuriro.

Umuhondo = Imirire y’umwana igomba kugenzurwa n’umuryango ukigishwa uburyo bwo guha umwana ifunguro ryuzuye.

Icyatsi kibisi = umwana afite ubuzima bwiza. Umuryango ugomba gushimirwa no gukomeza ishyaka no kugaburira umwana neza.



Ingero

a. Mariko: ukwezi 1: ibiro 2 amezi 2: ibiro 4 amezi 3: ibiro 5.5 amezi 4: ibiro 6 amezi 5: ibiro 7

b. Karoli: ukwezi 1: ibiro 4 amezi 6: ibiro 7.5 amezi 12: ibiro 9 amezi 18: ibiro 10 amezi 24: ibiro 10

c. Ludoviko: umwaka 1: ibiro 9 imyaka 2: ibiro 11 imyaka 3: ibiro 12 imyaka 4: ibiro 14 imyaka 5: ibiro 16

d. sara: imyaka 2: ibiro 9 imyaka 2 n’amezi 6: ibiro 10 imyaka 3: ibiro 11 imyaka 3 n’amezi 6: ibiro 11 imyaka 4: ibiro 11

e. Juda: akivuka: ibiro 4 amezi 4: ibiro 4 amezi 8: ibiro 6.5 amezi 12: ibiro 8 amezi 16: ibiro 10

f. Christina: imyaka 3: ibiro 10, imyaka 3 n’amezi 2: ibiro 10 imyaka 3 n’amezi 4: ibiro 10 imyaka 3 n’amezi 6: ibiro 11 imyaka 3 n’amezi 8: ibiro 12















urutonde rw’Ingingo zirebana na gahunda yo gupima abana Buri Kwezi

¨ Menyesha abaturage mbere y’igihe n’ahantu gahunda yo gupima abana ya buri kwezi izabera.

¨ Hitamo ahantu haberanye no kumanika umunzani kandi horoshye kugera.

¨ Hagere mbere.

¨ Manika umunzani.

¨ Genzura ko urushinge ruri kuri zero.

¨ Tegura Igitabo cy’Umudugudu hamwe n’amafishi yabigenewe.

¨ Suhuza abaturage uko bagenda bahagera.

¨ Saba umubyeyi wa mbere/urera umwana kuzana umwana we utarengeje imyaka 5 imbere.

¨ Saba umubyeyi/urera umwana kuguha ifishi y’imikurire/y’ikingira y’umwana.

¨ Ambura umwana imyenda n’inkweto (cyangwa usabe umubyeyi kumwambura).

¨ Genzura niba umwana nta bimenyetso rusange by’imirire mibi afite (Reba mu maso, imisatsi, ibindi).

¨ Pima umwana.

¨ Andika imyaka n’ibiro by’umwana mu Gitabo cy’Umudugudu no ku mafishi yabigenewe.

¨ Andika imyaka n’ibiro by’umwana ku ifishi bakurikiraniraho ibiro/imyaka.

¨ Genzura niba umwana ari mu ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi, mu muhondo cyangwa mu mutuku.

¨ Pima umwana umuzenguruko w’ikizigira (MUAC).

¨ Genzura niba MUAC y’umwana iri mu cyatsi kibisi, mu muhondo cyangwa mu mutuku.

¨ Andika ibipimo bya MUAC ubonye mu gitabo cy’Umudugudu no ku ifishi bakurikiraniraho imyaka/ibiro.

¨ Suzuma niba atarabyimbaganye.



¨ Niba usanze umwana afite ikibazo gikomeye cy’imirire mibi (ari mu mutuku), uzuza ifishi yo kuvuriraho abana bato mu giturage (cIMCI) maze ubwire urera umwana kumujyana ku kigo nderabuzima. Kurikirana uwo muryango mu minsi mike ubohereze muri Gahunda ya POSER niba ari ngombwa.

¨ Niba umwana afite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi idakabije (ari mu muhondo), gira inama umurera ku indyo yuzuye agomba kumuha. Kurikirana uwo muryango iminsi mike ubarangire Gahunda ya POSER niba ari ngombwa.

¨ Niba usanze umwana agaburirwa neza (ari mu cyatsi kibisi), shimira umurera maze umushishikarize gukomeza kumuha indyo yuzuye.

¨ Ibutsa abarera abana kuzabazana mu gikorwa cy’ipima cy’ukwezi kuzakurikiraho.

¨ Baririza imiryango yose ifite abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 yo mu gace kawe bataje kwipimisha maze ubasure umenye impamvu bataje.



pLuMpy ’nut

plumpy’nut ni iki?

Ni ikiribwa ikaba n’umiti. Ikoreshwa mu kuvura imirire mibi ikabije mu bana, igihe umwana nta zindi ndwara arwaye.

Plumpy’nut igizwe n’ibiki?

Ubunyobwa, amavuta, amata, isukari, imvange ya minerals na za vitamini.

Kubera iki plumpy’nut igira akamaro cyane?

• Abana bafite ingaruka z’imirire mibi ntabwo bakunda kurya. Plumpy nut iraryohera, bigatuma abana bamwe na bamwe bayikunda.

• Niyo ndyo yonyine umwana agomba kurya igihe arimo kuvurwa indwara z’imirire mibi ikabije.

• Ibonekamo intungamubiri umwana akeneye.

• Ntabwo biba ngombwa ko ibikwa muri frigo, bityo imiryango ishobora kuyibika imuhira nta ngorane.

• Ntabwo igombera gutekwa.

• Ivura imirire mibi mu gihe gito cyane mu bana.

plumpy’nut ikoreshwa gute?

Iyo umujyanama w’ubuzima abonye umwana ufite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ikabije, ikigo nderabuzima kigomba kumuha Plumpy’nut. Akazi ka mbere k’umujyanama w’ubuzima ni ukohereza abana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi ikabije ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bashyirwe muri gahunda y’abahabwa Plumpy’nut. Hanyuma Umujyanama w’Ubuzima afasha umuryango gukoresha Plumpy’nut neza, kurikirana umenye ko umwana ufite indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi ayihabwa, kandi ugenzure ko umuryango uhabwa Plumpy’nut buri cyumweru ku kigo nderabuzima.

Umujyanama w’ubuzima ashinzwe kandi kugenzura ko umwana ahabwa Plumpy’nut yose yandikiwe nk’umuti akurikirana kandi agafasha umuryango. Iyo Plumpy’nut itanzwe neza, umwana aba yagaruye agatege neza nyuma y’igihe kiri hagati y’ibyumweru 4–6.



Plumpy’nut ni ikiribwa n’umuti gusa ku bana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi.

Plumpy’nut ni indyo ndetse ikaba n’umuti. Ntabwo bagomba kuyisangira n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese.

Karaba intoki no mu maso mbere yo kugaburira umwana Plumpy’nut. Bika Plumpy’nut ipfundikiye.

Urera umwana agomba gukaraba intoki ndetse agakarabya n’umwana intoki no mu maso akoresheje amazi meza n’isabune mbere yo kugaburira umwana Plumpy’nut. Urera umwana agomba kugirira isuku ibiribwa byose akabipfundikira abirinda isazi.



Gaburira umwana ibipimo bito bito bya Plumpy’nut incuro nyinshi ku munsi (kugeza ku ncuro 8).

Abana bafite indwara zikomoka ku mirire mibi rimwe na rimwe ntibakunda kurya. Urera umwana yakwiye kumuha Plumpy’nut nke maze akamushishikariza kurya. Plumpy’nut niyo ndyo yonyine umwana akeneye igihe avurwa.

Kirazira kuvanga Plumpy’nut n’amazi.

KIRAZIRA kuvanga Plumpy’nut n’amazi (cyangwa ibindi binyobwa) mbere kuyigaburira umwana.



Abana bato bagomba konka nyuma bagahabwa Plumpy’nut.

Abana bato cyane (munsi y’imyaka 2) bakwiye gukomeza konka mbere yo guhabwa Plumpy’nut. Bagomba kubanza konka, nyuma bakagaburirwa Plumpy’nut (mbere y’uko bahabwa ibindi ibiribwa).

Ha umwana amata cyangwa amazi meza igihe ari kurya Plumpy’nut.

Urera umwana agomba kumuha amata cyangwa amazi meza nyuma y’uko amutamitse ikiyiko cya Plumpy’nut. Ibi byorohereza umwana kurya byinshi.



Gaburira umwana Plumpy’nut n’igihe arwaye impiswi.

Igihe umwana arwaye impiswi, urera umwana nta bwo yakwiye guhagarika kumugaburira. Iyo umwana yonka, umurera agomba kongera incuro zo kumwonsa iyo umwana yafashwe n’impiswi. nyuma kugaburira Plumpy’nut umwana urwaye impiswi, umurera agomba kumuha amazi meza (atetse) menshi kurusha ubusanzwe. Iyo umwana akomeje kugira inzara nyuma yo kurya Plumpy’nut, umurera ashobora kumugaburira ibindi biribwa.

Umwana urwaye agomba gufubikwa bihagije.

Abana barwaye bakunda kugira imbeho. Urera umwana yakwiye gufubika umwana kugira ngo ashyuhe.



ni izihe mbogamizi mwumva muzahura na zo igihe muzaba mwigisha imiryango gukoresha plumpy’nut?

• Imiryango ishobora gutekereza ko ibiribwa ari byo bifite akamaro kurusha Plumpy’nut.

• Imiryango ishobora kunanirwa gukurikiza ibice byose neza.

• Imiryango ishobora kuba ituye kure y’ikigo nderabuzima.

• Imiryango ishobora kugabanya Plumpy’nut abana benshi.

wafasha ute umubyeyi w’umwana cyangwa umurera ugomba kugaburira umwana we plumpy’nut?

• Ifashishe amafoto ari muri iki gitabo mu gusobanura no kwigisha.

• Berekere ugaburira umwana gake.

• Baza urera umwana ibibazo yumva bagira maze umufashe gutekereza uburyo yabikemura.



gahunda y ’uBufasha (poser)

gahunda y’ubufasha (poser)

Abantu bose bafite uburenganzira ku buzima bwiza n’imibereho myiza. Ifunguro ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu. Iyo imiryango yazahajwe n’ibibazo by’imirire mibi, ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa ibindi bibazo biterwa n’ubukene, Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) ishobora kubafasha. Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) igize igice cy’ingenzi mu bikorwa byacu byo kugeza ku bantu ubuvuzi kandi bushingiye ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Nk’umujyanama w’ubuzima, ushobora kwigisha imiryango ibirebana na Gahunda y’Ubufasha (POSER) no kubohereza ku kigo nderabuzima aho bashobora kwigishwa ibirenzeho.



agaKIno Ka 1

Kina aka gakino:

Mariya na yohani

Umujyanama w’ubuzima akunda gusura umuryango urimo impanga zitwa Mariya na Yohani zimaze imyaka 2 zivutse. Kuva ku mwaka 1 igihe Mariya na Yohani bahagarikiye konka, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yabonye ko ibiro by’abo bana byagiye birushanwaho gato ubirebeye ku mafishi babakurikiraniraho. Mu gihe izo mpanga zapimaga ibiro 10kg ku mwaka 1, kuva icyo gihe Yohani yiyongereye ibiro cyane kurusha mushiki we. Kuri ubu bafite imyaka 2, ikinyuranyo ni kinini cyane, kuko Yohani apima ibiro 12 na ho Mariya akaba yenda kugira ikibazo cy’imirire mibi kuko apima 9 gusa. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima arakeka ko uyu muryango ugaburira Yohani ibiryo byinshi kurusha Mariya, kubera ko Yohani ari umuhungu. Yegereye umubyeyi wabo amubaza uko bimeze n’incuro agaburira abana be kugira ngo amugire inama ku ndyo yuzuye muri rusange no kugaburira abakobwa ibiribwa bingana n’iby’abahungu.

Amabwiriza:

• Hitamo umuntu 1 mu itsinda ukina yitwa umujyanama w’ubuzima n’undi 1 ukina ari umuturage usanzwe/umurwayi.

• Abagize itsinda bose bagomba gufasha mu kwemeza ibyo abo bantu baza kuvuga no gukora.

• Hanyuma abo bakinnyi bombi bagomba kwitoza uko baza gukina ako gakino. Abandi bantu bagize itsinda bagomba kwitegereza bagatanga ibitekerezo niba ari ngombwa.

• Mufite iminota 20 yo gutegura agakino kanyu.



agaKIno Ka 2

Kina aka gakino:

edi

Umujyanama w’Ubuzima asuye bwa mbere Edi na nyirakuru umurera. Edi afite imyaka 4, ariko apima ibiro 10 gusa. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima agenzuye niba Edi atarabyimbaganye maze ajombye urutoki ku tuzirabunonko twe hasigara umwobo. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yemeje ko Edi afite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ikabije, kandi nta muntu afite mu muryango we ushobora kumwitaho. Yegereye nyirakuru wa Edi amusaba kujyana umwana ku kigo nderabuzima. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima kandi yujuje amafishi yose ya ngombwa, yigisha nyirakuru ibijyanye n’indyo yuzuye, arangije amwohereza ku musosiyari.

Amabwiriza:







agaKIno Ka 3

Kina aka gakino

rene

Mu cyumweru gishize, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yemeje ko umwana w’imyaka 3 witwa Rene arwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi maze yohereza umuryango we ku kigo nderabuzima. Rene yinjijwe muri Gahunda ya OTP (Plumpy’nut). Nta n’umwe mu bavandimwe be 4 cyangwa murumuna we uba muri iyo gahunda. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yegereye umubyeyi wa Rene amwereka uko Plumpy’nut ikoreshwa anamusobanurira ko igomba guhabwa Rene wenyine.

Amabwiriza:







agaKIno Ka 4

Kina aka gakino:

severine

Umujyanama w’Ubuzima asuye urugo rwa Severine ku ncuro ya kane maze asanga Severine ataragiye kwisuzumisha incuro 3. N’ubwo Severine agaragara nk’utwite, arananutse kandi avuga ko yumva ananiwe cyane. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ahangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bwe maze amwohereza ku kigo nderabuzima nyuma yo kumugira inama ku moko y’ibiribwa, inyongera y’ikinini cya “Fer” n’akamaro ko kurya ibiryo byinshi igihe atwite.

Amabwiriza:







agaKIno Ka 5

Kina aka gakino:

Maxime

Maxime abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ashinzwe kumufasha gukurikirana uko afata ifunguro rikwiye kuko ari ku miti ibaganya ubukana. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima arabona Maxime ananutse cyane; maze amubaza incuro arya n’igihe arira. Maxime abwiye Umujyanama w’Ubuzima ko n’ubwo umuryango umufasha, ahabwa ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abagabo bakora akazi kandi agaburirwa ukwe atari kumwe n’abandi babana. Umujyanama w’Ubuzima yegereye umukuru w’urugo amusobanurira impamvu umuntu ubana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA agomba kurya igipimo gikwiye cy’ibiribwa ari kumwe n’abagize umuryango, anamugira inama y’uko umuryango ushobora gufasha Maxime kurya neza

Amabwiriza:







urutonde rw’ IngIngo z Ifasha uMuJyanaMa w’uBuz IMa

¨ Gusuzuma ibimenyetso by’imirire mibi mu miryango wita cyane ku bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5, abagore batwite n’abantu babana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa izindi indwara zikomeye.

¨ Gusuzuma buri kwezi indwara z’imirire mibi mu bana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 ukoresheje MUAC, gupima ibiro buri kwezi no kugenzura kubyimbagana. Kohereza abantu bose bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ku kigo nderabuzima.

¨ Gupima ibiro buri kwezi abana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bari mu gace ukoreramo.

¨ Kuzuza ifishi y’imikurire y’umwana yandikwaho ibiro/imyaka n’Igitabo cy’Umudugudu buri kwezi ku bana bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bari mu gace ukoreramo.

¨ Kuzuza amafishi yo kuvuriraho abana bato mu giturage bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 kandi bakaba barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi.

¨ Gukurikirana imiryango irimo abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 batitabira gahunda ya buri kwezi yo gupima abana ibiro.

¨ Gukurikirana imiryango buri cyumweru nyuma y’uko boherejwe ku kigo nderabuzima.

¨ Kugenzura buri gihe amafishi yo gukingira/imikurire y’abana kugira ngo urebe ko bahawe inyongera ya Vitamini A n’umuti wa mebendazole. Gushishikariza abarera abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 5 kujyana abana ngo bahabwe inyongera ya Vitamini A n’ibinini bya mebendazole buri mezi 6.

¨ Gukurikirana abarera abana bafite indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi ikabije kugira ngo ugenzure ko bashyizwe muri Gahunda yo guhabwa ibiribwa by’inyongera bakaba bahabwa Plumpy’nut. Kwigisha abarera abana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi uko bagomba kubaha Plumpy’nut.



urutonde rw’ IngIngo z Ifasha uMuJyanaMa w’uBuz IMa birakomeza

¨ Kwigisha imiryango ibitera imirire mibi, uko ivurwa n’uburyo bwo kuyirinda.

¨ Kwigisha imiryango amoko 3 y’ibiribwa, akamaro kayo n’ibipimo nyabyo bya buri bwoko bw’ibiribwa bihabwa abantu b’imyaka itandukanye.

¨ Kohereza imiryango ifite abantu bafite imirire mibi idakanganye n’ikabije ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bahabwe inyongera y’ibiribwa banigishwe uko bategura indyo yuzuye.



I B IndI B IsoBanuro



I B IndI B IsoBanuro



IsuzuMaBuMenyI rya MBere y’aMahugurwa

amazina yawe: ______________________________ Itariki: ____________________

Ikigo nderabuzima: _____________ Nomera Iranga Umujyanama w’Ubuzima: ______

Umaze igihe kingana iki ukora akazi k’abajyanama b’ubuzima? __________________

Ca akaziga ku gisubizo nyacyo kuri buri kibazo:

1. Iyo umuntu afite imirire mibi, bisobanura ko:

a. Yumva afite inzara

b. Ni umukene

c. Atarya ifunguro ritegetswe cyangwa ingano ikwiriye y’ibiribwa kugira ngo agumane ubuzima bwiza

d. Abana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA

2. Kubona Ifunguro ryuzuye cyangwa se ifunguro ryuzuye, bisobanura ko:

a. Igifu cyawe cyuzuye.

b. Ufata ifunguro ryuzuye ku gipimo gitegetswe.

c. Ufite umurima w’imboga munini.

d. Urya inyama ku minsi mukuru.

3. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima ko umwana afite indwara z’imirire mibi ni ugupima umwana:

a. Ikizigira

b. Igifu

c. Akaguru

d. Ururimi



4. Rimwe na rimwe abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi barabyimbagana, icyo kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko amaboko yabo, ibirenge n’amaguru:

a. Ari igikara cyane

b. Biriho amagaragamba

c. Byumagaye

d. Byabyimbaganye

5. Kugira ngo wizere ko abana bato n’abafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakura neza kandi bakaba batarwaye indwara z’imirire mibi, ugomba kubapima:

a. Incuro imwe mu cyumweru

b. Inshuro imwe buri kwezi

c. Nyuma ya buri mezi 6

d. Incuro 1 mu mwaka

6. Plumpy’nut ni inyongera y’ibiribwa ikoreshwa:

a. Ku bana bazahajwe n’indwara z’imirire mibi

b. Ku miryango ifite abana benshi

c. Ku bana bakuru gusa

d. Ku bana bose

7. Kugira ngo umuntu afate ifunguro ryuzuye kandi agire ubuzima bwiza, agomba kurya:

a. Umuceri (cyangwa ibindi binyampeke biboneka aho atuye)

b. Inyama, amagi, ibikomoka ku matungo n’imboga

c. Imbuto n’imboga

d. Ibi biribwa byose



Ca akaziga kuri “Ni byo” cyangwa “Si byo” ku bibazo bikurikira:

8. Abakobwa bagomba guhabwa ibiribwa byinshi kurusha abahungu. ni byo si byo

9. Umuntu ubana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA agomba guhabwa ibiribwa byinshi kurusha abandi bantu bakuru bari mu rugo.

ni byo si byo

10. Abana bahabwa amata y’ifu akenshi babona indyo nziza yuzuye kurusha abana bonka. ni byo si byo

11. Imbombo na fanta ni byiza ku bana.

ni byo si byo

12. Abagore batwite bagomba kurya ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abandi bantu bakuru bari mu rugo. ni byo si byo



IsuzuMaBuMenyI rIsoza

amazina yawe: ______________________________ Itariki: ____________________

Ikigo nderabuzima: _____________ Nomera Iranga Umujyanama w’Ubuzima: ______

Umaze igihe kingana iki ukora akazi k’umujyanama w’ubuzima? ________________

Ca akaziga ku gisubizo nyacyo kuri buri kibazo:

1. Iyo umuntu afite imirire mibi, bisobanura ko:

a. Yumva afite inzara

b. Ni umukene

c. Atarya ifunguro ritegetswe cyangwa ingano ikwiriye y’ibiribwa kugira ngo agumane ubuzima bwiza

d. Abana n’ubwanda bw’agakoko gatera SIDA

2. Kubona Ifunguro ryuzuye cyangwa se ifunguro ryuzuye, bisobanura ko:

a. Igifu cyawe cyuzuye.

b. Ufata ifunguro ryuzuye ku gipimo gitegetswe.

c. Ufite umurima w’imboga munini.

d. Urya inyama ku minsi mikuru.

3. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima ko umwana afite indwara z’imirire mibi ni ugupima umwana:

a. Ikizigira

b. Igifu

c. Akaguru

d. Ururimi



4. Rimwe na rimwe abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi barabyimbagana, icyo kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko amaboko yabo, ibirenge n’amaguru:

a. Ari igikara cyane

b. Biriho amagaragamba

c. Byumagaye

d. Byabyimbaganye

5. Kugira ngo wizere ko abana bato n’abafite munsi y’imyaka 5 bakura neza kandi bakaba batarwaye indwara z’imirire mibi, ugomba kubapima:

a. Incuro imwe mu cyumweru

b. Inshuro imwe buri kwezi

c. Nyuma ya buri mezi 6

d. Incuro 1 mu mwaka

6. Plumpy’nut ni inyongera y’ibiribwa ikoreshwa:

a. Ku bana bazahajwe n’indwara z’imirire mibi

b. Ku miryango ifite abana benshi

c. Ku bana bakuru gusa

d. Ku bana bose

7. Kugira ngo umuntu ifunguro ryuzuye kandi agire ubuzima bwiza, agomba kurya:

a. Umuceri (cyangwa ibindi binyampeke biboneka aho atuye)

b. Inyama, amagi, ibikomoka ku matungo n’imboga

c. Imbuto n’imboga

d. Ibi biribwa byose



Ca akaziga kuri “ Ni byo” cyangwa “Si byo” ku bibazo bikurikira:

8. Abakobwa bagomba guhabwa ibiribwa byinshi kurusha abahungu. ni byo si byo

9. Umuntu ubana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA agomba guhabwa ibiribwa byinshi kurusha abandi bantu bakuru bari mu rugo.

ni byo si byo

10. Abana bahabwa amata y’ifu akenshi babona indyo nziza yuzuye kursha abana bonka. ni byo si byo

11. Imbombo na fanta ni byiza ku bana.

ni byo si byo

12. Abagore batwite bagomba kurya ibiryo bike ugereranyije n’abandi bantu bakuru bari mu rugo. ni byo si byo



IfIshI y’IsuzuMa ry’uKo aMahugurwa yagenze

ni irihe somo wakunze kurusha ayandi muri aya mahugurwa? Kuki?

ni irihe somo ritagushimishije muri aya mahugurwa? Kuki?

ni iki wize cyakugiriye akamaro kikaba kizanagufasha mu kazi kawe?



ese haba hari ikintu utasobanukiwe neza? tanga ingero zifatika.

ni ibiki wifuza ko binozwa muri aya mahugurwa? ni iki wumva wahindura? (urugero ni ayahe masomo, ibishushanyo n’ibindi wumva byahinduka?)

hari icyo wumva wakongeraho?

ndabashimiye kuba mwemeye gusubiza ibi bibazo.

Documents

KINYARWANDA Indyo yuzuye n’Imirire mibi · Iyo abana barwaye indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi, ubwonko bwabo bushobora kudindira. Imirire mibi ikabije ishobora kwica umuntu. Imirire