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David McCandless
KnowledgeIs Beautiful
sampler
hello
Welcome to this sampler of my latest infographic book.
I love ideas, truth & beauty. I love to understand the world. So both tomes are full to the brim with data-visualizations & information designs driven by my own questions and ignorance. They free-range across science, nature, thought, food, pop - anything strange and interesting.
I was out to sate my thirst for knowledge with this book. I hope you find some of these graphics rich and complex enough to sate yours. David McCandlessSep 2016
PROCESS
VISUALISATION DESIGN MAPPINGART
TYPE data datastructured
informationlinked
knowledgeinter-connected
information knowledge
METAPHOR atoms molecules DNA chromosomes cells organisms
PROCESS minegathermeasure
examinerecogniseclassify
filterinterpretarrange
connectsequencecondense
integrateextrapolategenerate
evaluateunderstandexplain
awarness mind intellect group mind
75%10% 1% 10–20%
source: ‘Executing the Will of the Voters’, Alarcón & Mitchell (2010)source: NASA, Google Maps
source: UK Office of National Statistics, 2011–12. Warning: small sample sizesources: The Lancet, Sheridan et al (2013), Yang et al (2007)
source: private study by Caddington School of 232 children, 5-8 years old
source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Data (2010)
sources: World Health Organisation, Institute of Food Research, Campbell et al (2012)
Birth-defect chancesRisky business
Child KillersMain causes of death
Child MurderersWho does it?
Times Tables TimesError rate
Death Rows Total cost of death penalty for California 1978–2010Big Country
Pass the SaltSalt
Sodium
Cost perexecutionExecutions
body needs grams per day
grams
1 teaspoon worldwide average intake
Disease
Suicide
Homicide
Accidents
Parent / step-parent
Unknown
StrangerFriend / other
relative
Processed foodUnprocessed food Tap water Added at the table
$1,020m Incarceration costs
$1,940m Death-penalty trials
$925m State appeals
$156m Federal appealsAntarctica the Moon
World Health Organisationintake target for 2025
Most governments’ current daily guideline
Avg bagof crisps
2
0.8
5
2
6
2.4
10
4
13 $310m
82
12 1
3
1
60%10%
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
9
11
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1110 12
15
23
260
Simple
First cousins
Distant bloodrelatives
Mother over 34
Unrelated
Father over 50
Father over 40
PARENTS RISK ODDS1 IN XX
CUMULATIVE RISK
Older first cousins(he 51, she 38)
16
19
27
412.4%
382.8%
362.6%
3.7%
5.3%
6.1%
11.4% 9
data: bit.ly/KIB_Simple1
Over 1–10,000 million times bigger than a normal black hole.
Even bigger – a mere 10–40,000 million times bigger than your average black hole.
Microscopic star residing at the centre of a black hole.
A gravitational vacuum star – a theoretical alternative to black holes.
Ultra-dense object formed when a massive star gravitationally collapses on itself.
I can’t explain this one. It’s far too complicated for this little box.
Young star inside a gas-dust envelope.
Complex quantum effects turn light into iron inside this object, creating a metal star.
Small, ultra-dense star with gigantic magnetic field spinning 100’s of times per second.
A massive stellar explosion that has not destroyed its parent sun.
Highly magnetic neutron star emitting pulsed beams of light like a lighthouse.
Small, compact star made of theoretical particles.
Giant star with a second object, a neutron star, at its core.
Massive, very bright old stars shedding massive layers of their mass.
Brightness appears to flicker & fluctuate as seen from Earth.
Type of flickeringstar with veryunpredictable &dramatic increasesin brightness.
Unknown object emitting large, irregular bursts of gamma radiation& X-rays.
Stars unusually high in metalssuch as mercury &manganese.
Bright & on its way to becoming a supergiant. Rich in metals & often with planets.
Very rare stellar entity, with almost no hydrogen, the most common element.
Large hydrogen-fusing star a few hundred times the radius of the Sun.
Theoretical object that may have existed in the early universe before normal stars formed.
An alternative& more stableobject than a traditional black hole.
Very compact quasar shooting two massive jets of energy from its poles.
A very small quasar only a few times bigger than the Sun.
Very energetic & active nucleus of a galaxy – the brightest objects in the universe.
Slightly mysterious stars that don’t follow the usual curve of star evolution.
Somewhere in between giants & supergiants, very bright but not overly massive.
Two stars, a whitedwarf & a very close ‘donor’ star that feeds the host dwarf star.
Rapidly spinning collapsed core of a massive star, dense & made mostly of neutrons.
Black-hole replacement made from vacuum or maybe dark energy.
Massive neutron star so dense that the neutrons break down into ‘strange matter’.
Biggest & brightest of stars. Massive, hot & destined to explode into supernovae.
Group of a fewthousand starsof the same age,formed from thesame cloud.
Spherical group of stars orbitingin the outer haloof a galaxy.
Common version, featuring a centralbar-shaped structure madeof stars.
Stars in the hydrogen-burning main phase of their life. Often called dwarves.
When a white dwarf sufficiently cools & no longer emits heat or light.
A star in mid-explosion, forming a bubble-like shockwave.
A small dwarf star sucking material from a giant star, causing flares & belches.
Massively high-energy stellar explosion. May create deadly gamma-ray bursts.
Exploding star, often briefly outshining the brightness of a entire galaxy.
Explosion caused by the collossal merging of two stars.
Old, thin galaxies with both a bulge & a disk, but only very vague spiral arms.
Oval masses ofold stars withoutdiscs & withlittle new starformation.
Unimaginably huge collections of thousands of galaxies bound together.
Short-lived but incredibly bright & massive stars, shedding huge amounts of mass.
A proto-star about 100 million years into its growth, before it becomes a full star.
Dense dark cloud of cosmic dust & gas-like cocoons where stars can be born.
Large interstellar cloud & often stellar nurserieswhere stars arebirthed.
Very large & unstable star prone to dramatic energetic outbursts.
Billions of stars collected in a flat, rotating disc with a distinctive central ‘bulge’.
A glowing shell of electrified gas expanding from a dying star.
A contraction in a molecular cloud that precedes the birth of a star.
A glowing shell of electrified gas generated as astar runs out ofnuclear fuel.
Very massive unknown type of star at the end of its life.
Lacks the bulk to trigger reactions necessary to shine. Often a companionto a larger star.
A star in an early stage of evolution.
The burnt-out remains of a star once it’s used up all its hydrogen.
Gravastar
Supermassive Black Hole
UltramassiveBlack Hole
Planck Star
Stellar Black Hole
Electroweak star
Herbig Ae/Be Star
Iron Star
Magnetar SupernovaImposter
Thorne–ŻytkowObject
Preon Star
Pulsar
Wolf–Rayet Star
Pulsating /Variable Star
Flare Star
Soft GammaRepeater
Peculiar Star
Sub Giant
Extreme Helium Star
Giant Dark Star(Newtonian)
Dark Star(Dark Matter)
Blazar
Micro Quasar
Quasar
Blue StragglerBright Giants CataclysmicVariable Star
Quark Star
Neutron Star
Dark Energy Star
Supergiant
Open StarCluster
Globular Cluster
BarredSpiral Galaxy
Main Sequence Star
Black Dwarf
Supernova Remnant
Dwarf Nova
HypernovaSupernova
Luminous Red/Blue Nova
LenticularGalaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
GalacticCluster
Hyper Giant
T. Tauri Bok Globule
Molecular Cloud or H2 Region
LuminousBlue Variable
Spiral Galaxy
PlanetaryNebula
ProtostarProtoplanetaryNebula
Compact Star
Brown DwarfYoung Stellar Object
WhiteDwarf
‘Exotic’ Star
Exploding object (nova)
Black Hole-type object
CloudGalaxy object
Star
THEORETICALCOMMON RARE
SMALL
MASSIVE
The Stellar Nursery
sources: NASA, Space.com, Wikipedia
data: bit.ly/KIB_Stellar
Best in ShowThe ultimate data-dog
Bulldog
Saint Bernard
Great Dane
Mastiff
Bullmastiff
Bloodhound
Irish Wolfhound
Pekingese
Afghan Hound
Kerry Blue Terrier
Greyhound
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
Clumber Spaniel
ScottishTerrier
PembrokeWelsh Corgi
Dalmatian
BelgianTervuren
English ToySpaniel
Doberman Pinscher
Boston Terrier
Flat-CoatedRetriever
Briard
Pug
ChesapeakeBay Retriever
GoldenRetriever
Samoyed
Brussels Griffon
Tibetan Spaniel
Pointer
GermanShorthaired
Pointer
PoodleDachshund
Miniature Schnauzer
SiberianHusky
Shetland Sheepdog
Affenpinscher
LhasaApso
AustralianCattle Dog
English Cocker Spaniel
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Border Terrier
Border Collie
Cairn Terrier
Brittany
Papillon
CockerSpaniel
Bedlington Terrier
AustralianTerrier
Chihuahua
Whippet
West HighlandWhite Terrier
EnglishSpringerSpaniel
Bichon Frise
Irish Setter
YorkshireTerrier
Labrador Retriever
AustralianShepherd
Maltese
Pomeranian
ShihTzu
Pharaoh Hound
Beagle
English Setter
Gordon Setter
Tibetan Terrier
Norfolk Terrier
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Basset Hound
Basenji
Italian Greyhound
StaffordshireBull Terrier
Bouvier desFlandres
Giant Schnauzer
German Shepherd
Newfoundland
Akita
French Bulldog
Chow Chow
AlaskanMalamute
Boxer
Bernese Mountain Dog
Bull Terrier
Borzoi
Old EnglishSheepdog
RhodesianRidgeback
Rottweiler
Saluki
Inexplicably overrated
Rightly ignored
pu
blic
po
pu
larit
y
Overlooked treasures
Hot dog!
longevity grooming appetite data scoreailments costsintelligence
OUR DATA SCORE
Sporting WorkingNon-sporting Terrier ToyHerding Houndsmall medium largedumb clever
SIZEINTELLIGENCE
our data score
sources: American Kennel Club, Cassidy (2007), Canine Inherited Disorders Database, ‘The Intelligence of Dogs’, Stanley Coren
data: bit.ly/KIB_BestDogs
tongue onroof of mouth
no ‘no thoughts’the goal of meditation is not to empty the mind, but to observe the present moment non-judgementally.
chill manmeditating is acknowledging and observing whatever happens – pleasant or unpleasant – in a relaxed way.
openthis gives insight into howthe mind really works,reducing attachment,letting us relax more deeply…
microscope…transforming the mind and using it as a device to explore itself and the nature of reality.
The Gist
breathe naturallythrough the nose
straight spine
SIT relaxed but erect comfortable
eyes closed / 10% open
imagine a string lightly pulling up your head
tuck chin
chest up and out
shoulders relaxed, dropped and back
Good Posture
belly out,pelvis forward
mentally alert, still
knees lower than hips
hands restingon knees
Also Good
Common Hindrances
restless flightiness ofmind, creating excitement or anxiety
driftingrandom mental phenomenalike radio interference
stray thoughtsover-focussing or trying tocontrol restricts & tightensthe mind
trying too hardsinkingfading of concentration, dullness, sleepiness
lazinessputting meditation off until later
Qualities of Mind Developed in elemental Eastern terms
agilelight, quick-witted
tranquilcalm, still
clearsharp, perceptive
pliantreceptive, flexible
openspacious, empty
steadyconcentrated, centred
warmtolerant, positive
confidentself-assured, proficient
uprightstraightforward, direct
malleablestrong, workable
space air fire water earth
Meditation
sources: Buddhist eLibrary, ‘Meditation’ (Wind Horse, 1999)
BODY BREATH MINDMANTRAHEART
object ofconcentration
15
30
45
60
1
2
--- ---
---
------
------ ------ ---
---
zen
Counting your breaths (1 for inhalation, 2 for exhalation) up to 10. If your mind
wanders, gently go back to 1.Just sit like this.
Zen Buddhism
zazen, ‘just sitting’alternate breath
Block right nostril with knuckle. Take 4 slow, even breaths through left nostril.
Repeat on other side.
Kundalini Yoga
microcosmic orbit
Use the breath to circulate energy through an oval ‘microcosmic’ orbit.
Start at the throat, end at the forehead.
Taoism
transcendental
Silently, repeat a given, single,rhythmical sound-phrase (mantra)
over and over again.
Many
TMeating
Take twenty minutes to eat 3raisins. Savour every detail: the look,the anticipation, the chew, the taste,
the swallow.
analytical
Sit with a deep question in your mind. ‘Who am I?’ is a good one. Explore who is
thinking, hearing, seeing, wondering. What happens in the immediate moment
as you ask this question?Dzogchen (Tibtean Buddhism)
rushen, self-inquirymantra
Chant a single, rhythmical sound-phrase (mantra) over and over again.
Examples: ‘Haum Mani-Padme-Om’, ‘Sa-Ta-Na-Ma’, ‘Sabbe Satta Sukhi Hontu’,
‘So Hum’ (I am), ‘Sat Chit Ananda’.Many
sensing loop
Feel into the sensations in your right foot and then work up around each segment of your body – lower leg, knee, thigh, hip,
hand, arm, shoulder – in a loop.
Sufism
body scan , body contemplationthree-part breath
First fill the abdomen with air, then expand the chest, then lift ribs and collar
bone. Exhale in reverse.
Yoga
long deepbelly
Just focus on the sensation of the breath in the belly as it rises and falls.
Many
kath, hara, tan t'ienbreath of fire
Rapid rhythmic breaths through the nose. Exhale explosively by contracting anus, inhale by relaxing abdominal muscles.
Kundalini Yoga Yoga
agni prancircular breathing
Inhale from the base of your spine upto the base of your neck. Exhale down
the back of your spine.
segmented breathing 2
Focus on your brow point. Make 4 inhale sniffs, hold for a few seconds, exhale in 4 sniffs. Repeat.
Kundalini Yoga
segmented breathing 1
Mouth in an ‘o’ shape. Make 8 small inhalations (sniffs) through the nose to form one breath. Exhale powerfully and
deeply in one go. Repeat.
Kundalini Yoga
balancing
Inhale deeply through the nose. Hold breath for 15 seconds.
Exhale completely through the nose. Hold breath for 15 seconds. Repeat.
Kundalini Yoga
meditation name
Simple, condensed instructionson how to practise the technique
tradition of origin
alternative name
loving kindness for self
Acknowledge whatever you're feeling. Playfully extend loving kindness to
yourself by silently expressing feelings like: ‘May I be happy / healthy / loved’
etc. Maintain this flow of intention.Buddhism
metta bhavana, cultivation of loveconcentration
Hold attention on a primary object, usually your breath. Mentally note the
upward movement of your abdomen as ‘rising’, downward as ‘falling’. That’s it!
Many
focussed attentionsilent gratitude
Imagine the face of someone you feel grateful to in great detail and silently thank them. Repeat for 4–5 people.
Buddhism
visualisationloving kindness for others
Picture someone you respect and love. Send a stream of metta (loving kindness) towards them using silent, suitable words.
If a feeling of happiness arises, absorb yourself into it.
Buddhism
metta bhavanaattending
Concentrate while carefully naming thoughts, sensations and other mental
processes and distractions.
BuddhismBuddhism
open monitoringwalking
Feel every sensation in your feet while slow walking – contact, rolling, lifting etc.
Add attending and name every distraction. Add ‘loving kindness’ and extend metta to
everyone who appears in your view. Buddhism
mindfulness
Watch your thoughts, let them comeand go, without reacting, judging
or holding on.
open monitoring
recommendedpractice time
Types of Meditation
sources: BuddhisteLibrary.org, BerzinArchives.com
heka6w2jordan23
password
letmein
enter
testing
tester
testpass
access
gateway welcome
helpme
passw0rd
fishing
dallasyankees
golfernascar
steelers
tennis
lakersyamaha
rangersraiders
redsox
arsenalgolf
redskins
gunnerbraves
yankeerunner
broncobroncos
cricketracing
redwings
celtic
soccerhockey
baseball football
cowboyseagles
giants packersunited
birdie
boston
hotdog
cheesecookie peanut
butter muffin
apples cocacolafire
beerapple
pumpkincherry
pepper
coffee
banana
bitemefreedom
whatever
badboy sexsex
buttheadbooger
horny
sucker
stupid
trustno1
test123
abc123hello
asdfghaaaaaa
asdfzxcvbnmqazwsx
qwertyui
zzzzzz
asdfasdf
little
qwert
xxxx
qwerty
zxcvbnxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx
123abc
red123
123123666666
1111
121212
131313
11111111
7777777
9876542112
12127777
23232355555522224444
69696969
11111123321
999999
1313
87654321333333
888888
12345
696969
20001234567
6969
123456789654321
123456
123456781234
111111
112233
86753095150
222222777777
88888888
thx1138
bond007rush2112
ou812
ncc1701
starwarscomputer
merlinmatrix
snoopyboomer
internetdiablo
gandalf
startrek
voyager
topgunsaturn
onlinedexter
trinitydigitalbeatles
fantasygenesis
college
compaq wizard
rosebud
dragon
jasmine
joshua maggiewilliam
thomas
ashleyamanda nicoleheather taylor
austinmatthewmartin
chelsea
patrickrichardanthony bailey
jackson
morganmickey
justin
samanthajoseph
scooby
charlesjunior mikebrandy
millerbrandon stevenjohn
chris
chicagobarney edwardbigdaddy johnson
chesterlondonhannah
rachel
oliver
mother victoriajasperdavidcrystaljack shannonmurphy
princecameron madison wilson
carlos willieangela laurentiffany
dennisliverpoojackie sophie
danielle
peachesbuddy freddyalexis xaviercalvin
samson
alex walterbeavispeter
bonniejonathan
skippysydneyscottgordon
travissteve
rebeccabill parkerarthur
donald williamsdave
august sammybrian paul
mark
frankbilly
garfield willow
carteralbertamerica
jessiehousenissan
marvin
kevin walkerchristindecemberbenjamin
therockbrooklynteresagregory
teens
michigan
stellacartman einstein kellynelsonnirvanalouise
mexicoford
gibsonmarcuscassie natashaalexande jester
michaeljenniferjordan
superman
tiggerrobert
batman georgecharlie
andrewmichellejessicadaniel
smokeydakotaandrea
melissajohnny
james
toyotajasonsierra winstondebbie
newyorkjeremycasper
bubbasandra
cooper driver tuckermaxwell monicafredcanada
nathanvictor
florida nicholasdoctor
jake
shelbysharon
godzilla
falcontigers
spiderrabbit tiger
panther
turtle
fishdolphinsdolphin
beaver
scorpionanimal
elephant wolf
donkeybuffaloeagle
monkey
chickenbulldog
gatorsjaguar tomcat
sexythunder
hammercorvettesparkycowboycamaro
guitar scooterporsche
maverickmoneyiceman
monster
mercedes
fender marinewintermidnightmarlboro
winner
captain maddog rocket
warriormember voodoo
apollo powerjackassflyers legendblazer viper
bigboyprivatelifehack
phantom rock
cool
platinumcopper
freechevy surfer
airborneaction
adidasexplorer
police
magnum nothingspeedy vampire
playboy
snowballsniperhotrod reddog
mustang shadow
masterharley
hunterranger
busterkiller
black knighthardcore player
mountainbear
metallic
troublesuccess
guinness
bigdog phoenixferrari
themanslayer
eagle1
viking
king
silverorange
ginger summerprincess
diamondyellow
secretiloveyou purplepanties
blue
angel golden iwantuangels girls
flowerforever
green
magicrainbow
scorpio
stardoggie heaven
baby
kittensuper white
sweet
dreamskitty
girlchance
lovesunshine
please
booboo
loverslucky
happygemini lover
pookie
THEMES
FREQUENCY
RANK
A Z 90
10
1ST
50
100
250
500
6%
PASSWORD/ACCESS SIMPLE ALPHANUMERICANIMAL SPORTNERDY/POPFOODCOOL/MACHO NAME REBELLIOUS/RUDEFLUFFY TRULY RANDOM
textsize = password strengthTop 500 Passwords Is yours here?
sources: various data breaches, Xato.net, TroyHunt.com
data: bit.ly/KIB_Passwords
rule by a small groupof elites
APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA, USA (arguably)
rule by a small minorityof rich citizens
CITY OF LONDON
corrupt rule by ‘thieves’ for personal power & wealth
RUSSIA (arguably)USA (arguably)
rule by powerfuldrug lords
GUINEA-BISSAU, MEXICO (arguably)
rule by corporationsor corporate interests
EAST INDIA COMPANY, USA (arguably)
unquestioned rule by unelected, power, unbound by constitution
SAUDI ARABIA
rule by Emir (a dynastic Muslim leader)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
no publicly enforced power
TWITTER,FRENCH REVOLUTION
rule by women
ELEPHANTS, BEES, ALIENS
rule by group reasoning
QUAKERS
rule by disorganisedindividuals
THE INTERNET
power held according tomerit or ability
CONFUCIANISM
OLIGARCHY CORPORATOCRACY
ANARCHY MATRIARCHY
MONARCHY EMIRATE
rule by Sultan(an Arabian king)
BRUNEI
SULTANATE
rule by Caliph (supreme Islamic political & spiritual leader)
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
CALIPHATE
ruler bound by constitution, often just a figurehead
UNITED KINGDOM
CONSTITUTIONAL
SOCIOCRACY ADHOCRACY MERITOCRACY
DIRECT
people vote & decide on everything
SWITZERLAND
people elect representatives who vote & decide on everything
MOST DEMOCRACIES
no central planning,usually via technology
THE INTERNET
broader participation, such asconsensus decision-making
OCCUPY MOVEMENT
REPRESENTATIVE EMERGENT PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY
rule by the people
KLEPTOCRACY NARCOCRACYPLUTOCRACY
$
high-level bureaucracymediated by software
WIKIPEDIA
WIKICRACY
ruler bound by constitution, often just a figurehead
UNITED KINGDOM
PARLIAMENTARY
rule by elected presidentvia an elected executive
USA (arguably)
REPUBLIC
important decisions made by (non-elected) technical officials
most technical governmentinstitutions
BUREAUCRACY
de-facto rule by technicalexperts (usually scientists)
THE EU, GOOGLE
TECHNOCRACY
rule by a small, unelected,privileged ruling class
PRE-REVOLUTION FRANCE
absolute (usually abusive) ruleby a single person or party
LATIN AMERICANDICATORSHIPS
ARISTOCRACYAUTOCRACY
rule by spiritual leader or God-given spiritual system
VATICAN CITY, IRANTIBET (PRE-CHINESE RULE)
THEOCRACY
power between warring elites(halfway autocracy & democracy)
ZIMBABWE, KENYA
ANOCRACY
constitutional ruleby military power
MYANMAR
STRATOCRACY
Political Power Sources
sources: Wikipedia, BBC History
data: bit.ly/KIB_RulingCasts
married happy-go-lucky outdoors-loving sex-mad hippy party-girl in senior management with a catRECIPE
YEARS-10 -5 +10+5 +15 +20
Strength of science
Suggestive
Good
Strong
7 hours ideal, but no more than 8 hours a
night. Less sleep is better than 8 hours+
Women with highest levels of cynical hostility are 16% more likely to die earlierManagers & those
with more professional responsibility live longer than those with more ‘routine’ work
Seen 10–20% lifespan boost in rats & monkeys…not yet proved in humans
Men who spend a lot of time with women in their formative years Those drinking a little a day
(less than 2 units) do better than complete abstainers
Shoot for 350 a year!
Loneliness equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day
Cat owners are 30% less likely to have a heart attack, especially in the elderly
Obviously, combine diet & exercise
Mediterranean- & Japanese-style diets
150+ mins brisk walking per week
When aged 30–49 years
No matter how much you exercise, sitting
too much raises your risk of death
25 years shorterlife expectancy
Men with morethan one wife live
12% longer
Poorer people die 5–10 years earlier than their privileged peers
10 years gained if you quit age 25; 5 years gained if you quit between 45–59
If your siblings are long-lived, you
probably will be too
Includes reliability, non-impulsivity &
being neat & orderly
Live in a city
Sleep too much
Be optimistic
Get promoted
Eat less food
Have a long-lived maternal grandfather
Hang out with women – a lot!
Drink a little alcohol
Live at a high altitude
Exercise more
More pets
Have a long-lived sibling
QuitKeep smoking
Be alcoholic
Suffer severe mental illness
Be conscientious
Avoid cancer
Have more orgasms
And a little red wine
With close friends
Live in the country
Be polygamous, maybe
Sit down
Eat red meat
Get health checks
Get married!
Live healthily
Be rich
Be a woman
Become obese
male / femalespecific
Avoid heart disease
Go to church regularly
Eat healthy
Live Long…What will really extend your life?
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
-5%
RISKLowest Low Medium High Highest Crazy
Inflation (USA)
Average return(most investors)
0Cash
Actual lossdue to inflation-2.3
TIME SPAN
US gov bonds(2013)1.7
Australiangov bonds 3.2
Braziliangov bonds 9.5
Greek gov bonds(2013)16.5
3.6 Fixed income
Chinesegov bonds4.5
Corporatebonds7.7
Investment grade bonds4.6
7.2 US gov bonds(average)
‘High-yield’bonds9.8
Short-term treasury (1 yr)0.2
Bank savingsaccount2.8
Actual lossin real terms(due to inflation)
-2.2
Liquid capital-2.8
25
Actual lossin real terms-3.7
1.8Bank current account(on paper)
UK shares-0.7
US shares 8.5
Hedgefunds
Becoming a shareholder of a bank
9.4
Apple stock1984–2013
20
US stockmarket 7.8
US property0.0
New YorkState property 1.6
US housemarket 2.7
London property (2013)6.1
UK property(2000s)8.2
Shanghai property12.4
US house prices (1990s)3.5China property 3.9 US house prices (2000s)4.1
California house prices 2013 19
UK property (1990s)3.0
Private equity15
Internationalequity5.0
Globalprivate equity 11.0
Gold8.4
Venture capital20
High yieldequity portfolio 6.3
Emerging markets
9.2
Domestic equity
11.3Small caps11.6
Flexiblecapital12.7
Large-cap growth21short
(~1 year)long(~10)
medium(~5)
longer(10+)
Bonds Stocks OthersProperty
…and ProsperAverage annualised % return
sources: Forbes, TradingEconomics.com, The Economist. Yahoo! Finance, USA Today
data: bit.ly/KIB_Gambling
sources: British Medical Journal, PLOS Medicine, New Scientist
data: bit.ly/KIB_LiveLong
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