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KNR 273: Recreation Inclusion. Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis, 2001. What is Inclusion?. Inclusion is the act of engaging people with disabilities in all our daily activities at school, at work, at home, and in the community Inclusion Network Focus of KNR 270. What is Inclusion?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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KNR 273: Recreation Inclusion
Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis, 2001
What is Inclusion?
Inclusion is the act of engaging people with disabilities in all our daily activities at school, at work, at home, and in the community
Inclusion Network
Focus of KNR 270
What is Inclusion?
Inclusive leisure experiences encourage and enhance opportunities for people of varying abilities to participate and interact in life’s activities together with dignity.Inclusion enhances individual’s potential for full and active participation in leisure activities and experiences.
NRPA Statement on Inclusion, 1999
What is Inclusion?
Recreation inclusion refers to empowering persons who have disabling conditions to become valued and active members of their communities. Persons with disabilities should have the same chances for quality of life as persons without disabilities.
Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis, 2001
Who’s Responsible for Inclusion?
Some argue that general recreation professionals are responsible for inclusion NOT therapeutic recreation specialists
Austin, 1999 Bullock & Mahon, 2000 Smith, Austin, & Kennedy, 2001
Who’s Responsible for Inclusion?
Others argue that SUCCESSFUL inclusion depends on general recreation professionals and therapeutic recreation specialists working together.
Germ & Schleien, 1997 Klitzing, 2002
Sylvester, Voelkl, & Ellis
In our view, recreation inclusion is the most important and difficult challenge facing therapeutic recreation.Rehabilitation should be measured not by sheer functionality alone, but by the quality of life that it facilitates.Professional practices must be developed that result in successful inclusion of PWD in leisure programs and activities that reflect their needs and interests. (P. 232)
Inclusion & TR Settings
In traditional agencies Community reintegration Discharge plan, transition plan,
programs
In community-based care Shorter stays Not cured, but coping with disabilities
In community agencies
Selected Approaches
Zero-exclusion Programs planned to include
everyone
Reverse mainstreaming Specialized programs structured to
include people without disabilities
Integration of generic recreation programs
Community Reintegration
Community Integration Program Armstrong & Lauzen, 1994
Modules Community environment (safety,
emergency preparation, survival skills) Cultural activity (theatre, library, sports) Community activity (mall, grocery store) Transportation (bus, taxi, personal travel) Physical activity (w/c sports, aquatics) Independent activity (client’s choice)
Community Development
Bold approachNot treat/rehabilitate “citizens” but rehabilitate communities to make them more accommodatingFocus is on community building Promoting relationships &
interdependence between citizens with and without disabilities
Community Development (Cont.)
2 components of community building Community development
Prepare citizens to make decisions & take action to improve own QofL
Community organization Dealing directly with injustice Educating the community, lobbying,
advocating, protesting Role that often exceeds tradition
boundaries of TR programming
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Howe-Murphy & Charboneau, 1987Ecological perspective Interdependence Social systems theory Generic model or way of thinking
about scope of practice Importance of environment/context
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Therapeutic recreation is a planned process of intervention directed toward specific environmental or individual change. Goals Maximize quality of life Enhance leisure functioning of the individual Promote acceptance of persons with
disabilities within the community (pp. 9-10)
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
4 global goals Maximize individual capabilities for
growth and creative adaptation Increase the supportive properties of
the environment Minimize the effects of individual
limitations Reduce or eliminate environmental
blocks & obstacles to growth and development
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Goals directed toward individuals Increase mastery in a social world Increase self-esteem Develop coping strategies Increase social interaction skills Increase confidence and ability to
assume control
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Goals directed toward environment Increase range of leisure services and
opportunities available Educate identified groups in the
community Reduce architectural barriers Design physical environments to
support individual independence and human interaction
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Goals directed toward interactive process Connect people to resources Assist in integrating persons with and
without disabilities Maximize impact of interactions
based upon values of equality, mutual respect, and normalization
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention: An Ecological Perspective
Service providers are seen as change agentsWe not only stimulate the development of individuals but we intervene within the community as a whole
TR Models & Inclusion
Problems Direct services Importance of changing the consumer Connected with traditional health care
settings Basically nonexistent
TR Inclusion Model
Inclusive Recreation Selected
TRDirect Services
TRIndirect Services
Client Outcomes:Quality of LifeFun & Enjoyment
Belonging & CommunitySelf-Determination
This I Believe – Nancy Navar
Different models of therapeutic recreation practice enable different clients with different needs in different settings to benefit from a model that has meaning in that context. Just as different schools of thought exist in other professions (e.g., psychology), various schools of thought can coexist within the profession of therapeutic recreation.