KOKjw;nghUs; Jiz gRik Nyzpq; rpw;wp 3 gRik 2010 Kd;Diu jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpahdJ tUlh tUlk; ,f;fy;tp epiyaj;jpd; ];jhgfH mkuH f.khhpKj;jd; mtHfspd; epidthf ghprspg;G tpohtpid elhj;jp

jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wp 1 gRik 2010

gRik

tUlhe;j rQ;rpif -2010 ,jo; -04

,johrphpaH :- tp.v];.mf;\ad;

ntspaPL jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wp

khtbNtk;G -02 rpj;jhz;b

kl;lf;fsg;G

KOKjw;nghUs; Jiz


jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapd; ];jhgfH mkuH f.khhpKj;jd; mtHfspd; %d;whk; Mz;L (13.11.2010) epiwit Kd;dpl;L ,r;rQ;rpif ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ.

];jhgfhpd; epidT jpdk; - 13.11.2007 fy;tp epiya gpwe;j jpdk; - 14.11.2006


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,johrphpaH

tp.v];.mf;\ad; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wp khtbNtk;G -02

rpj;jhz;b kl;lf;fsg;G

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mwpKf ciu

kl;LefH tlf;Nf kzpA+uhk; re;jpntspg; gjpapy; jpl;lKld;> jdf;F jputpakhk;> jpUehkk;> fl;lofd; fz;zg;gd; > fUkzpahk; khhpKj;jd; mUik kfdhf 1934 Mk; Mz;by; jkpoHfspd; nghd;dhd khjkhd fhHj;jpif 26 Mk; jpfjp mtjhpj;jhH. Cl;b cwthb cwtpdhplk; jd;idf; nfhLf;f XhpU cjtpjdpy; cj;jkdhH capHtho cld;gbf;if jid vOjp VfpdhH.

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ed;wp. rp.jpy;iyad;

fpuhk mgptpUjjpr; rq;fj; jiytH khtbNtk;G


tho;j;Jiu

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vd ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. kw;Wk; jUkq;fspy; nghpa jHkkhfpa “Mq;NfhH

Viof;F vOj;jwptpj;jy;” vd;Dk; kfhghujpapd; kfhthf;fpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; ,tuJ Mf;fq;fs; nkd;NkYk; tsHr;rpaila vdJ ,ja G+Htkhd tho;j;Jf;fs; chpj;jhfl;Lk;.

R.rptuhrh Mrphpa MNyhrfH fy;Flh fy;tp tyak;

kl;lf;fsg;G

nghUslf;fk;

1. epk;kjp - rpWfij

2. Z - Gs;sp fzpj;jy; 3. rdj;njhifg; gpur;rpidfs; 4. ghprpy; ngWNthH tpguk;;

5.ftpijfs;> nghd;nkhopfs;


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nghpathpd; thbapy; te;jtHfs; mkHtjw;F vd;W xU rpuhk;gp mikj;J itj;jpUe;jhH. rhjhuzkhf efug;Gwq;fspNy nraw;ifg; nghUl;fshd gpsh];bf; kw;Wk; ,Uk;G Kjypatw;why; gQ;R nghUj;jg;gl;L tuNtw;giwapy; mkHtjw;F Mrzq;fs;. itj;jpUg;ghHfs;. Mdhy; mtw;wpy; mkUk; Rfj;ij tpl mjpf Rfj;ij ,e;j rpuhk;gpfs; nfhLf;Fk;. ,aw;ifahfNt fpilf;Fk; kuj;jpypUe;J jbfis ntl;b ehd;F fhy;fis epyj;jpNy ehl;b mtw;wpw;F NkNy FWf;fhf jbfs; nghUj;jp gpd;dH gioa rhf;Ffis mtw;wpd; NkNy tphpj;J mtw;wpNy kzy; epug;gp mjw;F NkNy gd;dpdhy; nea;ag;gl;l gha; tphpj;J xU rpk;khhrdk; Nghy me;j rpuhk;gp mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. efug;gFjpfspy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mrzq;fs; ,tw;Wld; Njhw;Wg;NghFk; vd;W $WksTf;F mjd; fl;likg;G fhzg;gl;lJ.

ChpypUe;J xU ifg;igAld; nghpatiuj; Njbte;j Nfhtpe;jd; me;j rpuhk;gpapy; ,Ue;J maw;Gwj; njd;wy; fhw;iw Rthrpj;Jf;nfhz;L thapy; VNjh xU ghl;il KZKZj;jtz;zk; fhiy Ml;bf; nfhz;L nghpathpd; tUiff;fhf fhj;jpUe;jhd;.

thbapypUe;j Nfhtpe;jid Nehf;fpa nghpatH “M Nfhtpe;jh vg;glh te;jh.....

,g;gjhz;lh ehd; vz;l tayg; ghj;jpj;J thwd;” rpd;dnjhU Gd;KWtYld; Nfl;fpwhH .

mjw;F Nfhtpe;jd; “M... ,g;gjhz;lh kr;rhd; xU gj;J epkprk; ,hpf;Fk;lh. M....

guthy;y.” vd;W $wpathW Fzk;nghpathpd; Kfj;ijNa cw;Wg; ghHj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

“vd;dlh Nfhtpe;jh mg;gb ghHf;fpwh....” “,y;y kr;rhd;... Kjnyz;L nrhd;dh cz;l Kfj;jpy re;Njhrj;ijg; ghHf;fpwdhd;. Mdh ,g;g cz;l Kfk; thb ,Uf;fpjlh. mJjhd;

kr;rhd; ghHj;jd;” vd;W te;jpUe;j Nfhtpe;jd; kW gjpyspj;jhd;.

RkhH ,UgJ tUlq;fshf nghpatH; CHg;gf;fk; NghdNj kpfkpff; FiwT. Kjnyz;lhy; mWtil Kbe;Jtpl;lhy; nghpatH Chpy; jd;Dila taypy; Ntiy nra;j njhopyhsHfs; cw;wj;jhHfs; vd miztUf;Fk; tpUe;J . mtHfSia gps;isfSf;F ghlrhiy cgfuzq;fs; vd jd;dhyhd midj;J cjtpfisAk; nra;thH. Mgj;J Ntisapy; xU cjtp Ngha;f;Nfl;lhy; ,y;iynaz;L nrhy;ykhl;lhH. nghpatH ,UgJ> Kg;gJ Vf;fH vz;L tay; nra;gtH. jhd; mWtil Kbe;Jte;jhy; mLj;jfl;l

epk;kjp - rpWfij Mf;fk;: fhdfd;


mWtilf;Fk; jdJ FLkgj;jpw;Fk; vd itj;Jtpl;L kPjpia ChpYs;s Vio vspatHfSf;F gfpHe;jspg;ghH.

xU jlit mg;gbj;jhd; mtH tptrhak; nra;jpUe;jhH. ey;y cs;sk; gilj;jtHfis Mz;ltd; mbf;fb Nrhjpg;gJ cd;ik vd;W $WksTf;F me;j epiyik mike;jpUe;jJ. mtUila ,e;j tptrhaj;jpd; tpisr;rypy;jhd; mtUila mLj;j fl;lk; efUk;. Vnddpy; KOg;gzj;ijAk; tptrhaj;jpw;Nf nrytopj;jpUg;ghH.

ehl;by; jpBnud Vw;gl;bUe;j Aj;jk; fhuzkhf mtUila tUkhdj;jpw;Nf gq;fk; tpistpf;Fk; xd;whf mike;jpUe;jJ. Aj;jj;jhy; mtUila tay;gf;fk; NghtJ vd;gJ Kbahj fhhpakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; nghpathpd; tay; khj;jpuky;y rpj;jhz;b fpuhkj;jtH vy;NyhUila tptrha eltbf;iffSk; ghhjpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,Uf;fpd;w gzj;ij nfhz;L gapHnra;fpd;w nghpahUf;F ,J ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

me;j tUlk; nghpahUf;F tUtha; ,y;yhikapdhy; kpfTk; f];lg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mt;NtisapNy mthplk; Ntiynra;Ak; jHkuhrh mOFuYld; Xb te;jhd;.

“Iah... vd;l kfd; M];gj;jphpapy capUf;Fg; Nghuhbj;jpUf;fhd; Iah.. ePq;fjhd; cjtpnra;aZk;. clNd nghpatH vz;zlh uhrh nrhy;Ywh. Vz;lh New;nwy;yhk;

ey;yhj;jhNd ,Ue;jtd;...” vd;W Vf;fj;Jld; Nfl;lhH. “,y;y Iah mtd; rhuhaj;j Fbr;rpj;J rf;fpspy te;jpUf;fhd;. me;Neuj;jpy xU nyhwp mtd mbr;Rg;Gl;L Ngha;j;ja;ah.. nfhQ;r Neuj;jpyjhd; mtd mtlj;jpy ,Ue;j tPl;Lf;fhuhf;fs; jhd; nfh];gpl;lypy Nrj;Jl;L vdf;F Nfhy; gz;zp nrhd;dJfs;. mtdg; gpiof;f itf;fpujz;lh vz;gjhapuk; &gh NtZkhk; Iah .. cq;fis ek;gpj;jhd; te;jpUf;fd;.

mtDk; vdf;F xNunahU gps;is Iah” vd;W tpk;kptpk;kp mOjtz;zk; nghpathplk; njhptpj;jhd;.

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khl;Lg; gl;bapypUe;j gj;J gRf;fspy; 4 gRf;fisf fhl;b “eP ,jf;nfhz;LNgha; VwhT+hpypUf;fpw rjhkpl;lFL cdf;F vz;gjhapuk;; &gh jUthd;. eP mjf; nfhz;L cz;l kfd fhg;ghj;J. vdf;fpl;l fhrpapUe;jh ,g;g je;jpUg;gd;. ,e;jj; juk; nts;shkAk;

mWtil nra;ay;y njhpAk;jhNd cdf;F” vd;W $wpdhH.

mtDk; clNd “ma;ah ,e;j Neuj;jpyAk; ePq;f nra;Aw ,e;j cjtpa ehd; kwf;f

khl;Nld;ah. ehd; vg;gTk; cq;fl $ypahsh NtiynrQ;rp ,e;jf; flidj; jPHj;jpLtd;ah.”

vd;W fhypy; tpOe;J $wpdhd;. mjw;F nghpatH “mnjy;yhk; ,g;g vJf;flh ,g;g cz;l

kfd;u crpuf; fhg;ghj;J Ngh” vd;W topaDg;gp itj;jhH.

md;nwhU ehs; nghpatH jdJ ed;gd; Nfhtpe;jidg; ghHg;gjw;fhf te;jhW%iy vDk; fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; NghapUe;jhH. kJiuapiz vhpj;j fz;zfp ,t;T+hpy; te;J ,iog;ghwpajhy; te;jhW%iy vDk; ngaH te;jjhf rpyH Fwpg;gpLtH. ,t;T+H rpj;jhz;bapypUe;J RkhH 4 fpNyhkPw;wH njw;Nf mike;jpUf;Fk;. me;ehspy; Jh;g;ghf;fpakhd rk;gtk; xd;W ,lk;ngw;wJ.

me;ehs; Qhapw;Wf; fpoik Mifahy; nghpathpd; kidtp ,Wjp kfd; kw;Wk; nghpatiug; ghHg;gjw;fhf te;jpUe;j mtUila %j;j kfSk; fztDk; md;iwa rfpjk; tPl;by; ,Ue;jdH. rw;W epkplq;fspy; te;JtpLthH vd;W nghptUila kidtp $wpajhy; mtHfs; fhj;jpUe;jdH. me;jf; fhyg;gFjpapy; tlf;F fpof;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Aj;j Nkfk; #o;e;jpUe;jikapdhy; md;W jpBnud hpq; mbj;J jghy;fhud; tUtJNghy; rPwpf;nfhz;L mtHfSf;fhd ,wg;G miog;NghiyAld; ,akd; tUtJNghy; tljpirapypUe;J xU nry; nfhz;L tpOe;jJ. gpwF xd;wd; gpd;dH xd;whf njhlHr;rpahf Ie;J nry;fs; nfhz;LtpOe;J ntbj;jd.


midj;Jk; Kbe;jTld; mUfpYs;stHfs; te;J ghHj;jTld; nghpatUila kidtp> filrp kfd;> mtiu ghHf;f fztDld; te;jpUe;j kfs;> kUkfd; vd vy;NyhUk; Moe;j cwf;fj;jpy; rpjwpf; fple;jdH.

nghpatH nra;jpawpe;J mywpabj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhH. tPl;bDs; Eioe;jJhd; jhkjk; fz;zPH nts;sk; Nghy; mtUila tPl;il eidj;jJ. xU khjphpahf <ikf;fphpiafs; vy;yhk; nra;J Kbj;Jtpl;L kpfTk; ftiyapy; mkHe;jpUe;jhH nghpatH. ,we;j jdJ kfspd; igaDf;F mg;NghJ 8 tajpUf;Fk;. mtUf;F mtd;kPNj ftiyapUe;jJ.

nghpatH clNd jdJ Ntiyf;fhud; jHkuhrhitf; $g;gpl;L “uhrh vd;l Ngud ehd; ey;yh gbf;fitf;fZk;lh. ey;yh nghpa gbg;G gbr;rp Kbr;rp mtd ek;kl CUf;F cjTw

khjphp xU lhf;luhf Mf;fZk;lh. mjw;F vd;dlh top” vd;W Nfl;lhH. “Iah vdf;F njhpQ;r thj;jpahH xUtH ,Uf;fpwhH. mtu ehd; $l;bj;J thuda;ah mtUf;fpl;l ePq;f

nrhd;dasz;lh mtU nghpags;spf;$lk; xd;by NrHj;J itg;ghU” vd;W nrhy;yp jHkuhrh Gwg;gl;lhd;.

rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fs; fopj;J jHkuhrh me;j MrphpaUld; te;jpwq;fpdhd;. MrphpaH

nghpatiug; ghHj;J “ vy;yhj;ijAk; jHkuhrh nrhd;dhU vdf;Fj; njhpQ;r nfhOk;G

];$y; xz;by tpLtk; .. Mdh... nryT MFNk Iah.. guhapy;iyah?” vd;whd;. “mjg; gj;jp ePq;f Nahrpf;fhjpq;f jk;gp. ehd; vt;tsT nrytopr;nrz;lhYk; vd; igad xU

lhf;luh cUthf;fZk; vz;L epidf;fpNwd;. mjw;F vd;d topNah mjr; nra;Aq;f” vz;L nrhy;yp Njitahd gzj;ijAk; nfhLj;J jdJ Ngud; Rghir mtUld; mDg;gp

itj;jhH. mDg;gp itf;Fk;NghJ “Nl Rgh]; ey;yhg; gbr;rp xU lhf;luh te;J eP ek;kl

CHrdq;fSf;F itj;jpak; ghf;fZk;lh” vd;W fz;zPH ky;f $wp topaDg;gp itj;jhH.

clNd thj;jpahH “mg;g rhp Iah ehq;f thwk;” vd;L nrhy;yp Rghirak; mioj;Jf;

nfhz;L gwg;gl;lhH. mt;Ntis fjpiuapy mkHe;jpUe;j nghpatiug; ghHj;J jHkuhrd; “

Iah cq;fl cwtz;L nrhy;yp me;jg; igad; gf;fj;jpy ,Ue;jhd;. mtd mDg;g vg;gb

Iah cq;fSf;F kdR te;jpj;J” vd;W Nfl;lhd;. clNd nghpatH “mtd; vdf;F mUfpy ,Uf;fZk;wj;jtpl ek;kl CHkf;fSf;F cjtp nra;aZk; vd;wJjhd; vdf;F Kf;fpak;

uhrh” vd;W fz;zPiuj; Jilj;j tz;zk; nghpatH nrhd;dhH.

tPl;bw;F gbg;G KbAk; tiu te;jhy; igad; kdk; rpjwyhk; vd epidj;J tUlj;jpw;F xUjlit jdJ Nguidg; ghHg;gjw;nfd;W nfhOk;Gf;F Ngha; te;jhH. ,t;thW ,uz;L tUlq;fs; fope;jd. gzk;> nghUs; Mir vtiuj;jhd; tpl;Litj;jJ. mJ mq;f $ypNtiynra;j jHkuhrhitAk; tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. xU ehs; ,uT nghpatH Jhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntis jdJ gzk; kw;Wk; eiffs; vy;yhk; cs;s mYkhhp rj;jk; Nfl;gjhf mwpe;jhH. clNd vd;d rj;jk; vd;W mwptjw;fhf miwg;gf;fk; nrd;whH.

cs;Ns nrd;w nghpatUf;F xNu Mr;rhpak;. mq;Nf mYkhhpiaj; jpwe;J cs;Ns ,Ue;j gzj;ijnay;yhk; mtH kpfTk; tpRthrkhdtd; vd ek;gpa jHkJiu xU igf;Fs;

Nghl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhd; . clNd mtH “Nl uhrh vd;d fhhpak;lh nra;apwh” vd;wJk; jpLf;fpl;l jHkuhrh jdJ jpUl;Lr; nray; gpbgl;Ltpl;lJ vd;gjid mwpe;J nghpatiu jhd; itj;jpUe;j rpwpa fj;jpahy; Fj;jptpl;L jg;gp Xbtpl;lhd;.

maypYs;stHfs; nghpatiu itj;jparhiyapy; NrHj;J ,iwtd; mUshs; mtH capHjg;gpdhH. md;wpypUe;J jdJ tPl;bid jdJ rNfhjudpd; nghWg;gpy; tpl;L tpl;L ,t;thW jhd; gy;NtW cjtpfs; nra;jpUe;Jk; jdf;F tpRthrkhf ,Ue;j kdpjHfs; jdf;Nf NfL epidj;jjdhy;; Ciukwe;J gwg;gl;L jdJ taypUf;Fk; gFjpf;F mUfpy; md;wpypUe;J trpj;J te;jhH. mtUf;F jw;NghJ jdJ Nguid xU nlhf;luhf ghHj;JtplNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;jhd kdjpy; ,Ue;jJ.

mjw;fhfNt jdJ taypy; kpfTk; fLikahfg; ghLgl;L Nguidg; gbf;fitj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. jhd; ,we;jhYk; jdJ NguDf;F gad;glNtz;Lk; mtDila gbg;G epd;W tplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf jdJ nrhj;Jf;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; mtDf;Nf vOjp itj;jhH.


md;iwa jpdj;jpypUe;J mtH CHgf;fk; fhy;itj;jNj ,y;iy. jdJ kdepk;kjpf;fhf thbapNy tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhH.

nghpathpd; fle;jfhyr; epidTfspypUe;J jpUk;gpa ed;gd; Nfhtpe;jDf;F mUfpy; NjdPH

,Ue;jJ. “vd;dlh kr;rhd; mJf;fplapy NjdPH jahhpr;Rj;jpNa” vd;W nrhy;ypatz;zk; Gd;KWtYld; Nfhtpe;jd; NjdPiuf; Fbj;jhd;. mg;NghJ Nfhtpe;jdplk; nghpatH

“vd;dlh tprak; te;jdp” vz;lhH. “nka;jhd; ehd; mjr; nrhy;y kwe;Jg;Gl;ld;. re;Njhrkhd xU nra;jplh kr;rhd;. cz;lNgud; eP epidr;rkhjphpNa lhf;luhf rpj;jpailQ;Rj;jhzhk;lh. thj;jpahU vdf;F fbjk; Nghl;lhU mJjhd; nfhz;L

te;jdhdd;.” vd;W $wpKbj;jhd;.

Nfhtpe;jd; nrhd;dTld; “ ePz;lfhy tul;rpahy; ghiytdkhjYf;Fl;gl;l xU epyj;jpy; njhlH kionga;J jhtuk; xd;W G+g;G+j;jhy; vg;gb ,Uf;FNkh mt;thW RkhH 20 tUlq;fshf re;Njhrkpd;wp thbapUe;j nghpathpd; Kfk; kfpo;r;rp nts;sj;jpy;

kpje;jpUe;jJ. clNd nghpatH “,g;gjhz;lh vdf;F epk;kjp. vd;Ngud; epr;rak;

ChpYs;stHfSf;F itj;jpak; nra;thd;. vz;l fdT epiwNtwpLr;Rlh” vd;W nrhy;ypatz;zk; rpuhk;gpapy; mkHe;jpUe;j nghpatH jpBnud fPNo rha;e;jhH. Nfhtpe;jd;

“Nlkr;rhd; cdf;F vd;dhr;Rlh vd;dhr;Rlhh.....” rj;jk; vJTkpy;iy. CUf;F gy;NtW tpjj;jpy; xU cjtpahsdhf ,Ue;j me;j kuk; jdJ Ngud; cjtpnra;thd; vd;w kdepk;kjpAld; epyj;jpNy rha;e;J fple;jJ.

nghpathpd; ,Wjpr;rlq;fpw;fhf te;jpUe;j Ngud; tha;tpl;L mOJ nfhz;bUe;jhd;. “ehd;

Kjd;Kjypy; cq;fSf;Nf kUj;Jtk; nra;tjhf nrhd;dNd....” vd;W nghpathplk; mbf;fb $Wtij epidj;Jf; nfhz;L mOJ nfhz;bUe;jhd;. CHkf;fs; jpBnud kionga;tjw;F Nkfq;fs; jpus;tJNghy; mq;F jpuz;ldH.

me;j caHe;j cs;sk; jdf;F jPik nra;jtHfSf;fhf Ciutpl;L tpyfpapUe;jhYk; jdJ Ngud; CHkf;fSf;F cjtpnra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w rpe;jidAld; mtid cUthf;fptpl;L kdepk;kjpahf ,iwtdplk; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ.


f.ngh.j caHjug; ghPl;irahdJ Nghl;bkpFe;j xd;whFk;. Vnddpy; ghPl;irf;Fj;Njhw;Wfpd;wtHfspy; Fiwe;j rjtPjj;jpdNu gy;fiyf; fofq;fSf;Fj; njhpT

nra;ag;gLfp;wdH. ,t;thW gy;fiyf;ffofq;fSf;Fj; njhpT nra;ag;gLgtHfs; Z Score vDk; Gs;spapdbg;gilapNy njhpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,e;jKiw gw;wp gy khztHfs; njspthf mwpe;jpUg;gjpy;iy. ,jdhy; caHjuj;jpy; fhy;gjpf;Fk; Gjpa khztHfs; jkf;Fhpa ghlq;fisj; njhpT nra;fpd;wNghJ gy;NtW Fog;gepiyikfSf;F Mshfpd;wdH. rpy Ntisfspy; xUtUlf; fw;wypd; gpd;Gk; ghlj;jpypUe;J khWfpd;wdH. Fwpg;ghf rpyH jkf;F tpUg;gkpy;yhj ghlq;fisAk; xU tw;GWj;jypd; Nghpy; vLf;fg;gLfpd;w epiyikf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;wdH. vdNt caHju khztHfspdJ ,e;j

Fog;g epiyikfisj; jPHg;gjw;fhf ,q;F ,e;j Z-Score fzpg;G Kiw gw;wp tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j fzpg;G Kiwapid ,q;F fiyg;gphptpy; cs;slq;Fk; rpy ghlq;fSf;f;fhd khjphpj; juTfisf; nfhz;L fzpg;Gf;F cl;gLj;JNthk;.

fzpg;G Kiwf;F gpNuj;jpNafkhf Z Score fzpg;Gf;Fhpa #j;jpuk;> ruhrhp > epaktpyfy; Mfpatw;Wf;Fhpa #j;jpuk; NjitahFk;.

X = Fwpg;gpl;l ghlj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l khztDila Gs;sp

X = Fwpg;gpl;l ghlg; Gs;spfspd; ruhrhp

SD = Fwpg;gpl;l ghlj;jpw;Fhpa epaktpyfy; NkYk; ,q;F ,il (ruhrhp) kw;Wk; epaktpyfy; mwptjw;fhd #j;jpuj;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

Nkw;$wg;gl;l cg #j;jpuq;fspd; %yk; ngwg;gLfpd;w ngWkhdq;fisf; nfhz;L Z

Score ,w;Fhpa #j;jpuj;jpy; gpujpapLfpd;wNghJ Z Score ngWkhdj;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

“Z” - Gs;sp fzpg;GKiw Mf;fk;: mf;\ad;

Z Score = X – X

SD

ruhrhp (X -) = ∑ X

n

epak tpyfy; ( SD) = (X- Ẍ )2

n


gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapNy 5 khztHfs; fiyg;gphptpy; vLj;j ghlq;fSk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l Gs;spfSk; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ngaH

jkpo;

Gtpapay;

msitapa

y;

nghU

spay;

khz

tH

nkhj;jg;

Gs;sp

Rgh]; 60 70 90 - 220 rjhk; 80 60 90 - 230 f];l;Nuh 70 - 81 51 202 md;rpfh 70 80 - 60 210 kJkpjh 40 50 - 30 120 nkhj;jk; (ghlk;) 320 260 260 140

jkpo; ghlj;jpd; ,il (Ẍ) = 320/ 5 = 64

Gtpapay; ghl ,il (Ẍ) = 260/4 = 65

msitapay; ghl ,il (Ẍ) = 261/3=87

nghUspay; ghl ,il (Ẍ) = 141/3 = 47 ,ilfisf; fzpj;Jg; ngw;wjd; gpd;dH xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;FKhpa epaktpyfiyf; fzpj;jwpa Ntz;Lk;. 1) jkpo; ghlj;jpw;Fhpa epaktpyfy; fzpj;jy;.

X Ẍ (X- Ẍ) (X- Ẍ)2 60 64 -4 16 80 64 16 256 70 64 6 36 70 64 6 36 40 64 -24 576

920

2) Gtpapay; ghlj;jpw;fhd epaktpyfy; fzpj;jy;.

X Ẍ (X- Ẍ) (X- Ẍ)2 70 65 5 25 60 65 -5 25 80 65 15 225 50 65 -15 225

500

jkpo; ghlj;jpw;fhd epak tpyfy; ( SD) = (X- Ẍ )2

n

= 920 = 13.56

5

Gtpapay; ghlj;jpw;fhd epak tpyfy; ( SD) = (X- Ẍ )2

n

= 500 = 11.18

4


3) msitapapy; ghlj;jpw;fhd epaktpyfy; fzpj;jy;

4) nghUspay; ghlj;jpw;fhd epaktpyfy; fzpj;jy;.

,t;thW xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;Fk; ,il kw;Wk; epaktpyfiyf; fzpj;jwpe;j gpd;dH mtw;iw xU ml;ltizg;gLj;jy; kpfTk; fzpg;Gf;F ,yFthdjhFk;. ghlk; ,il

Ẍ epak tpyfy;

SD jkpo; 64 13.56 Gtpapay; 65 11.18 msitapay; 87 4.24 nghUspay; 47 12.56

X Ẍ (X- Ẍ) (X- Ẍ)2 90 87 3 9 90 87 3 9 81 87 -6 36

54

X Ẍ (X- Ẍ) (X- Ẍ)2 51 47 -4 16 60 47 13 169 30 47 -17 289

474

msitapay; ghlj;jpw;fhd epaktpyfy; ( SD) = (X- Ẍ )2

n

= 54 = 4.24

3

nghUspay; ghlj;jpw;fhd epaktpyfy; ( SD) = (X- Ẍ )2

n

= 474 = 12.56

3


,g;nghOJ xt;nthU khztUf;Fk; chpa Z Score Gs;spapidf; fzpf;f KbAk;.

1) Rghrpd; Z score fzpj;jy; ghlk; fzpg;G Kiw Z Gs;sp jkpo; (60 -64)/13.56 -0.2950 Gtpapay; (70 -65)/11.18 0.4472 msitapay; (90 -87)/ 4.24 0.7075 Z Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 0.8597

2) rjhkpd; Z score fzpj;jy; ghlk; fzpg;G Kiw Z Gs;sp jkpo; (80 -64)/13.56 1.1799 Gtpapay; (60 -65)/11.18 -0.4472 msitapay; (90 – 87)/4.24 0.7075 Z Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 1.4402

3) f];l;Nuhtpd;; Z score fzpj;jy;. ghlk; fzpg;G Kiw Z Gs;sp jkpo; (70 – 64)/13.56 0.4424 msitapay; (81 – 87)/4.24 -1.4151 nghUspay; (51 – 47)/12.56 0.3185 Z Gs;sp nkhj;jk; -0.6542

4) md;rpfhtpd;; Z score fzpj;jy;. ghlk; fzpg;G Kiw Z Gs;sp jkpo; (70 -64)/ 13.56 0.4424 Gtpapay; (80 – 65)/11.18 1.3417 nghUspay; (60 – 47)/12.56 1.0350 Z Gs;sp nkhj;jk; 2.8191

5) kJkpjhtpd; Z score fzpj;jy;. ghlk; fzpg;G Kiw Z Gs;sp jkpo; (40 -64)/13.56 -1.0324 Gtpapay; (50 -65)/11.18 -1.3416 nghUspay; (30 -47)/12.56 -1.3535 Z Gs;sp nkhj;jk; -3.7275

Z Score = X – X

SD


,Wjpahf ehk; ,q;F fzpj;Jg; ngwg;gl;l Gs;spfSf;Fk;> mjdbg;gilapy; fpilf;fg;ngWk; epiyiaAk;> Muk;gj;jpy; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfspdbg;gilapy; ngwg;gLk;

epiyf;Fkpilapy; NtWghL fhzg;gLtjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;. vdNtjhd; Z Score mbg;gilapy; khztHfspd; epiy fzpf;fg;gl;L gy;fiyf;foffj;jpw;Fhpa NjHT ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.

khztHfspd; epiyfs;

ngaH ghlj;jpd; nkhj;j Gs;sp

epiy Z Score epiy

Rgh]; 220 02 0.8597 03 rjhk; 230 01 1.4402 02 f];l;Nuh 202 04 - 0.6542 04 md;rpfh 210 03 2.8191 01 kJkpjh 120 05 -3.7275 05 vdNt khztHfs; kpfTk; mtjhdkhf jkJ ghlq;fisj; njhpTnra;tJld; mjpy; cr;r Gs;spfisg; ngWfpd;wNghNj rhjfkhd jd;ikapidg; ngwKbAk; vd;gJ Nkw;$wg;gl;l fzpg;GKiwapypUe;J mwpaKbfpd;wJ. ,f;fzpg;Gf;F gadgLj;jg;gl;l juTfs; fw;gidahftpUg;gJld;> ,yFgLj;jYf;fhf vz;fs; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; ghlj;jpw;Fhpa Gs;spfshf ,lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,t;thW ehk; nra;fpd;w fzpg;G Kiwapid fzdpapd; cjtpAld; kpf ,yFthfTk; Fiwe;j Neuj;jpYk; nra;Jnfhs;sKbAk;. ,jw;fhf ,d;W gy;NtW nkd;nghUl;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.


Rfhjhug; gpur;rpid:- mjpfhpj;J tUk; rdj;njhiff;F Vw;g itj;jpah;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;f Ntz;ba Njit jw;NghJ Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ rdj;njhiff;fhd itj;jpah; tPjk; 1000NgUf;F 1.4itj;jpah; Mf cs;sJ. ,J 1991,y; 24-20Mff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J 2041k; Mz;L 3380Mf mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,jdhy; vjph;fhyj;jpy; Rfhjhu itj;jpa nryTfs; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

jq;fptho;NthH njhif mjpfhpg;G:- rdj;njhif mjpfhpg;G fhuzkhf Vw;gLfpd;w Ntiyapy;yhg; gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzkhf Fiwej Cspah; gilapy; mjpfsthNdhh; jq;fp tho;fpd;w epyik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; mjpfsthd Fow;ijfs; jq;fp tho;fpd;w epiyik mjpfhpj;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

#oy; ghjpf;fg;gLjy;:- Ntfkhf mjpfhpj;J tUk; rdj;njhif mjpfhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf tPlikg;G efuhf;fk; Nghd;w tw;wpdhy; mjpfkhd Roy; ghjpg;Gfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. Efuhf;fj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tifapy; Vw;gLfpd;w Nrhpg;Gwg; gpur;rpid ghuJukhdjhf fhzg;gLtNjhL efuhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ifj;njhopy; eltbf;if Nghd;wd tspkz;lyj;jpy; mjpfsthd fhgdPnuhl;irl;bid ntspapLtdthf cs;sd.

td mopg;G:- Fbj;njhif mjpfhpg;gpd; tpisthf Vw;gLk; ,lg; gpur;rpidapd; fhuzkhf mjpfsthd fhLfs; mof;fg;gLtjdhy; #oypy; gy;NtW jhf;fq;fis vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,JNt gy #oy; gpur;rpidfSf;F fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. 1881,y; ,yq;ifapy; 84rjtPjk; fhLfs; 1991,y; rdj;njhif mjpfhpg;ghy; 17.2tPjk; tPo;r;rp mile;jJ. ,f; fhLfs; Jhpjkhf mof;fg; gLtjdhy; caphpdg; gy;tifik ghjpf;fg; gLfpd;wJ. 1931,y; 57tPjkhf ,Ue;j fhLfs; 1991,;y; 25tPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

czTj;Njit:- mjpfhpf;Fk; rdj;njhiff;F Vw;g czT cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpf;f Ntz;;ba Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.1950,y; ,yq;ifapd; tpisr;ry; 15Gry;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,jid ,d;W 120kpy;ypad; Gry;fshf mjpfhpf;f Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhNyNa ,yq;if ,d;Dk; czT cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwT mile;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

mgptpUj;jpf;F jilahf cs;sJ:- mjpfhpf;Fk; rdj;njhiff;F vw;g mth;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu kUj;Jt Nritfis mjpfhpf;f Ntz;bAs;sjhYk; fy;tp Nghrhf;F Nghf;Ftuj;J njhlh;ghly; Nghd;w gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLf;f rdj;njhif jilahf cs;sJ.

tPl;Lg; gw;whf;Fiw:- rdj;njhif mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ tPl;Lg; gw;whf;FiwAk; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. xU tPl;by; 6Ngh; trpg;gjhff; fzf;fplg;gl;lhy; 2041,y; 5.82kpy;ypad; tPLfs; Njitg;gLk;. Vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. tPLfis milf;Fk; NghJ ,aw;if tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; fopTg; nghUl;fis mfw;Wjy; Rfhjhu Rj;jpfhpg;G eltbf;iffs; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; mjpfhpg;G Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf Rw;whlypy; Nkhrkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

rdj;njhif gpur;rpidfs; (,yq;if )

Mf;fk;: g.n[arPyd;> jpUNfhzkiy


Rfhjhuk;:- vy;yh muRfSk; Rfhjhu mbg;gil trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F ngUk; gzj;ij nryT nra;a Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

fy;tp:- fy;tp xU ehl;bd; Kd;Ndhw;wj;ijg; nghpJk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. Rdj;njhif mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ jukhd fy;tp toq;Ftjpy; muRf;F ngUksT tsk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

taJ Kjph;e;Njhh; njhif mjpfhpg;G:- taJ Kjph;e;Njhh; jq;fpapUg;Nghh; tfpjhrhuk; 14tPjkhf ,Ue;J ,J 2025,y;

32tPjkhf mjpfhpf;Fk;. 1995-8% MfYk; 2010-13% MfTk; 2025-20% ,Uf;Fk; vdTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

njhlh;ghly; gpur;rpid:- rdj;njhif $Lk; NghJ mth;fsJ njhlh;ghly; NjitAk; $Lk;. njhiyNgrp trjpfs; Kjypad ,tw;iwg; NghjpasT toq;Ftjpy; muRf;F fbdkhdJ. ,jdhy; kf;fsJ Njitfis epiwT nra;tJ jhkjkhFk;.


1) juk; -09 fzpjk;

Kjyhkplk; - rp.fN[e;jpdp

,uz;lhkplk; - Nj.jD];fhe;jd;

%d;whkplk; - j.NkDfh

2) juk; -10 fzpjk;

Kjyhkplk; - r.mNdhrh

,uz;lhkplk; - f.mD[h

%d;whkplk; - g.ujP];thp

3) juk; -11 fzpjk;

Kjyhkplk; - Nfh.fhaj;jphp

,uz;lhkplk; - j.Nkhdp\h

%d;whkplk; - e.tpky;uh[;

4) juk; 12 Gtpapay;

Kjyhkplk; - kh.fpUgnul;zk;

,uz;lhkplk; - rp.xrhepjp

%d;whkplk; - nr. mUs;jhrd;

5) juk; -13 Gtpapay;

Kjyhkplk; - Ng.fpUj;jpfh

,uz;lhkplk; - kh. jpUr;nry;tp

%d;whkplk; - Qh.Nfhfpytjdp

6) #oy;jpdk; (05.06.2010) Kd;dpl;L elhj;jg;gl;l rpj;jpug;Nghl;b ntw;wpahsHfs;

juk; - 09 1. m.fdp];lh 2. gh.jrujd; 3. jp.Nfhgpehj;

juk; - 10 1. r.mNdhrh 2. gh.wQ;rpdp 3. f.,e;jpfh

juk; - 11 1. j.Nkhdprh 2. F.G];ghfud; 3. rp.rQ;rPtd;

ghprspg;G tpoh - 2010

ghprpy; ngWNthH tpguk;


1) mwpit ms;spj; jUk; jtrp Mf;fk; :- F.uh[;fpud; - juk; 11

fw;wJ ifastlh ehk; fy;yhjJ cyfstlh vd;W Nghw;wpdhs; xsitahulh mwpTk; caHTjk; jUtJk; fy;tpalh vd;W Nghw;WtJ jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpalh. fy;tp vd;gJ cyfpd; mkpHjklh mmijf; fw;gjw;F flTs; je;j tuNk jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpalh ghPl;irfs; gy itj;Jk;> rpy Gj;jfq;fs; je;Jk; vk; mwpit tsHj;Jk; vk;ik caHe;j epiyf;F nfhz;L tUtJk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpalh cyfpy; thOk; Kiw fhl;b cj;jkuhf tho;e;jplTk; FLk;gk; Nghw;wp tho;e;jplTk; gy mwpTiufs; nrhy;yp Rk;kh ,Ue;j vd; jiyapy; mwpit ms;sp itj;jJk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpalh.

2) fiuNrHf;Fk; jtrp

Mf;fk;:- F.yjPgd; - juk; 11 JLg;G ,y;yhj Njhzpiag; Nghd;W Mw;wpNy jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j vq;fis fy;tp vd;Dk; JLg;ghy; fiuNu topfhl;Lk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa vWk;gplk; fw;Wf;nfhs; tho;tpd; rpf;fdj;ij jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpaplk; fy;tpiaf; fw;Wf;nfhs; kuj;jplk; fw;Wf;nfhs; epoypd; mUikia jtrpapy; fw;Wf;nfhs; fy;tpapd; mUikia vg;NghJ njhlq;fpNdhk; vd;gJ jtrpf;F

Kf;fpaky;iy – Mdhy; vj;jid ey;ytHfis cUthf;fpNdhk; vd;gJjhd; fy;Yhhpapd; ,yf;F. ,uTk; tUk; gfYk; tUk; mjpy; epyTk; tUk; me;j epyT Nja;e;jhYk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapd; fy;tp NjahJ fy;tp vd;gJ mKjk; mijg; ngw Ntz;Lkhdhy; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; gz;Gk; jz;zk;gpf;ifAk; mij tsHg;gJ jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa.

ftpijfs;;> nghd;nkhopfs;


3) vspikahd vdJ fy;tp epiyak;

Mf;fk;:- gh.jrujd; - juk; 09 Muk;gNk XH mjprak; mjpraj;jpy; XH ufrpak; mofhd rpwpa fpuhkj;jpdpNy rpWtHfSf;fha; mkuH khhpKj;jd; mthfspd; Jhz;Ljypdhy; mtjhpj;jJ jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa. Mztk; ,y;yhj Mfhaj;jpy; mkuuhdhH khhpKj;jd; mtHfNs jha; nrhy;iy jl;Lk; gps;isiaAk; fy;tpg; ghijf;F jpUg;gpaJ jtrp Myk; tpOJ mire;jhYk; mjd; MzpNtH mirtjpy;iy. mJNghyNt fw;wwpe;j neQ;rk; vd;Wk; fyq;Ftjpy;iy. fhyj;jhy; mopahj fy;tpg; ggzpAk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w fzdp mwpTk; nfhz;L Rl;nlhpf;Fk; #hpaDk; RlHtpl;L vhpAk; jPgKk; jtrpapd; gzpf;F <lhFkh. mopahj rpW FbirapNy mofhf nea;j kl;ilapNy tUfpd;w ntapypnyy;yhk; FspHr;rpAld; fy;tp fw;W fiuNru topfhl;Lk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa.

4) rpe;jpf;fj; Jhz;Lk; fy;tp epiyak;.

Mf;fk;:-j.jf;rhapdp – juk; 13 mwpTr; Rlhpd; nghf;fprkha; MjuTfs; gy toq;fp vik

mfpyj;jpy; caHj;j – vk; mwpTf; fz;fisj; jpwf;fpd;wJ. miygha;fpd;w vk;kdij mirahJ jpirjpUg;gp mwpit ms;spj; jUfpd;w mw;Gjkhd $lkhFk;. caH Qhdj;ij Nghjpj;J cyfpdpy; ey;Nyhuha; vik khw;Wk; eykpf;f vk; MrhidAk; cilaNjhH ed;ik gaf;Fk; XH epiyakhFk;. Nghl;bfs; gyelhj;jp rpe;jpf;f vk;ikj; Jhz;b rpwe;j mwptpid rpuj;ijnahL Gfl;ba mwpTf; fsQ;rpakhFk;. mikg;Gf;fs; gyMapuk; ,Uf;fyhk; mtw;wpd; fl;likg;Gfs; khwyhk; mfpyj;jpy; fy;tp vDk; fl;likg;GilaNj


jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wp Mz;Lfs; gy fope;jhYk;

mopahJ vd;kdjpy; jtrp – Vnddpy; vdJ fy;tp epiyak; vkf;F fpilj;j XH tug;gpurhjkhFk;.

5) fy;tpapd; ts;sy;

Mf;fk;:- F.[Ptuhzp – juk; - 09 jq;fkhiy #btUk; jtrpNa cd; gzpfs; jq;fj;jpw;F <lhFkh fy;tpapd; gad;fis ms;spj;jUk; ts;sNy cd; gzpfs; ,e;j cyfj;jpw;F <lhFkh fpspapd; nghd; nkhopfisg; Nghy; rpW Foe;ijapd; Gd;difNghy; #hpadpd; fjpHfisg; Nghy; cd; ngaH RlHkzpaha; xspHfpwNj rpW fhyj;jpd; Kd; md;W jHkj;jpd; cUtkha; epd;W rptgjk; mile;j je;ijapd; fl;lis Vw;W gzp nra;Ak; vk; MrhNd. rpd;dr; rpd;d re;Njhrk; NrHj;J itj;Njhk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapNy fy;tpnaDk; Kj;njLj;Njhk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapNy. gphpntd;Dk; ,lH tuhky; Jd;gk; vd;Dk; fly; tuhky; ,d;g nts;sk; nghq;fptu tho;j;JfpNwhk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapNy.

6) mfpyj;jpy; caHj;Jk; jtrp

Mf;fk;:- nr.Nfhfpdp juk; -09 md;idNghy; md;igf; fhl;b MjuTfs; gy toq;fp rhjpNgjk; ,d;wp mfpyj;jpy; caHj;JtJ jtrpNa miy ghAk; vk;kdij mirhahJ jpUg;gp mwptpidj; jUtJ jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa cd;dj tha;nkhopahy; Qhdj;ijj; je;J ty;Nyhuha; vik khw;WtJ jtrpNa


rpe;jpf;fj; Jhz;Lk; mwptpid ms;spj;jUtJ jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpNa GJAfk; xd;W gilg;Nghk; mjpy; jtrpia caHj;JNthk;.

7) kwf;fKbahj IahNt.

Mf;fk;:- F.NjtwQ;rpdp juk; -12

md;ngDk; mopahj mwpTf; fsj;jpy; Mirapidf; nfhl;br; nrd;w vk;khy;; ,dpjha;g; Ngrg;gLfpd;w jtrpapid <d;nwLj;j khhpKj;jd; IahNt cd;epidNth cs;snkq;Fk; capNuhbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ CQ;ry; vg;gb MLfpd;wNjh vqfs; cs;sKk; ck; gphpthy; cd;epidtpdhy; jLkhWfpd;wJ xUtuhYk; cd;epidTjhd; kwf;fkbahJ Xlk;Nghy cd;ghrkhd epidTk; cs;sJ xsitahH $l gy gy GytHfs; kj;jpapy; xUtH ePq;fNsh vk;kj;jpapy; kwf;fKbahj xUtH.

8) md;Gila nja;tk;.

Mf;fk;:- Nj.jD];fhe;j; juk; - 09 fw;wypd; rpfukha; fd;dpakha; tpsq;Fk; cw;w vd; ed;gd; Nghy caHe;jpLk; Vzp ngw;w vk; je;ijNghy; nghpjha; ftdpj;J ew;wkpo; je;jpLk; jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wp rpw;wpapd; ];jhgfuha; rpwg;NghL kiwe;j rptgjk; mile;j mkuH khhpKj;jd; kz;zpy; ,y;yiyahapDk; khztNuhLs;shH cd;dpYk; vd;dpYk; capNuhLcs;shH. re;jpntsp fpuhkj;jpy; Nrahf mtjhpj;J jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpapd; jhahf epd;W fhHj;jpif gjpd;%d;wpNy vk;ik tpl;L kiwe;j md;Gila nja;tk; mtNu.

9) MrhDf;F topfhl;ba je;ijNa

Mf;fk;:- r.gthdp (juk; -10) md;G vDk; Mjuitf; fhl;b - mfpyj;jpy; vk;ik Vw;wp itj;jha; Iah mUfpy;jhd; eP ,Ue;jhYk; md;gpidg; nghoptha; Iah


MrhDf;F topfhl;b – Iah eP

MjuT nfhLj;jhNa – md;ghy; mdhijahd gps;isiaAk; mfpyj;jpy; eP cauitj;jhNa. ,iwmb NrHe;jhYk; vq;fs; ,d;gj;jpy; fye;Js;sha; Iah ,Uspy; ,Ue;j vq;fs; tho;it ,d;W xspu itj;jhNa Iah VzpNghypUe;J vik Vw;wptpl;Lk; Vl;bNy vd;id vOjitj;J vspikaha; tho;e;J tpl;Lk; VNjhXH cyfk; nrd;whNa Iah jtrp vd;W NgRkstpw;F eP jiyrpwe;J tpsq;fpdha; Iah jd;dyk; ,d;wp tho;e;jha; md;W jiytzq;FfpNwhk; ehk; cdf;fha; vq;fs; nrhj;jhd jtrpia ePAk; vk; ,d;gk; fUjp cUthf;fpdha; - md;W cd; epidtpy; ehKk; - je;ijahf cd;id epidf;fpd;Nwhk; ,d;W.

10) epyhntspr;rk;

Mf;fk;:- mgpdah> aho;g;ghzk; kio Jsp xd;W Kfk; gl;L rpypHg;Gw;w vd; ,ik %b jpwf;fpd;w nehbapy; thdj;J kpd;dy; vd;fz; gl;L njwpj;jhw;Nghy; vd; fhl;rpf;Fs; mfg;gl;lhs; me;j mdy; tPRk;KOepyh fzj;jpy; jLkhwp cUkhwp epd;Nwd; gakwpah ngz;izf; fz;L ngaH njhpa vz;zk; nfhz;Nld; rpNdfk; G+nthd;W ePl;l - vd; ghijf;F ntspr;rk; eP vd;W nfhz;Nld;


11) vk;KlNd tho;fpd;wha;. Mf;fk;:- j.kpJrd;> juk; -01 gs;sp nry;yhkNy ghlk; gy fw;wha; fy;tp fw;fhkNy fiyfs; gy fw;wha; gyd; vjpHghuhkNy Nrit gy Ghpe;jha; gz;G tpyfhkNy ghH Nghw;w tho;e;jha; md;gpd; Cw;wha; mwptpy; rpfukha; fiyfspd; cUtha; flikapy; fz;zha; gz;gpy; ,Ug;gplkha; ghptpy; jhaha; gf;jpapy; Rluha; nghWikapy; G+kpaha; tho;e;J kbe;jhYk; thOk; vk; kdjpy; thdj;J epyT Nghy; tho;fpd;wha; vk;Kld;

12) capHfhj;j Njhod; Mf;fk;:- Rje;jpud;;> aho;g;ghzk;

fhiy vOe;jTld; fz;izf; frf;fpf; nfhz;L fjitj; jpwe;J ghHj;jhy; fz;nzjpNu fyfyntd rphpj;jtz;zk; Njhd;Wk; vd;ed;gd; tho;ehs; Njhod; tPl;bypUe;J ghlrhiy nry;Yk;NghJk; Njhspy; jl;btpl;L nry;Yk;NghJ nrd;W th vd vd;id tho;j;jp topaDg;gp itf;Fk; vd; Njhod;

ehd; tUk;tiu mtd; Kfk; thbapUf;Fk; ehs;NjhWk;; vd;idf; fz;lTld; kfpo;r;rpapy; ele;J tuKw;gLk; vd;Njhod; ghtk; mtd; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl kfpo;thd; md;nwhUehs; ehd; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd; me;Neuk; rPWk; muf;fd; xUtd; vq;fs; tPl;il Nehf;fpa tz;zk; te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhd; - mt;Ntis vd; MUapH ed;gd; vd;Dapiuf; fhf;f jd;dDapiuj; jhdkhf;fp ,iuahfpdhd;. kwf;fKbANkh vd;;ed;gid mtDk; cauk;jhd; mtdJ FzKk; kpfTk; cauk;jhd; gyfhyk; gofpa caphePj;j mtd; NtWahUky;y vd;Kw;wj;J gidkuk;jhd; vd;Njhod;.


13) mg;ghtpd; epidT Mf;fk;:- r.tpf;Nd];thp

cyfj;jpy; eP capHj;jha; cd; md;ig ghprspj;jha; md;ghf vik tsHj;jha; mofhf fy;tp fw;gpj;jha; gyfhyk; vk;Kld; eP ghhpdpNy tho;e;jplNt ,iwtdplk; Ntz;bepd;Nwhk; ,uT gfy; ckf;fhf Mz;ltNdh cidtpUk;gp mtDlNd NrHj;Jf;nfhz;L khz;lnra;jp vkf;fDg;gp kfpo;;r;rpaw;w tho;T je;jhd; md;WKjy; ,d;Wtiu mlhj JaH ehkilfpd;Nwhk; vd;Wjhd; ,dp cikfhz;Nghk; vd;W jpdk; Vq;fp epw;fpd;Nwhk; md;ghd Mz;ltNd MUapuha; epd;w vk; mg;ghit mDg;gp tpL vq;fSld; kPz;Lk; XH cwthf .

14) kdpjtbtpy; nja;tk;. Mf;fk;:- kh.rghnuj;jpdk; kdpj tbtpy; nja;tk; mg;gh flTspd; mtjhuk; eP mg;gh gbf;fhj Nkij vq;fs; mg;gh gFj;jwpthsd; vk; mg;gh grp gl;bzp ehk; mwpNahk; mg;gh ciog;ghNy tsHj;jhag;gh ,sikapNy ePgl;l f];lkg;gh ,iwtdplk; tuk; Nfl;lhag;gh Jd;gk; vy;yhk; cd; Njhopy; mg;gh ,d;gk; vk;tho;tpy; je;jhag;gh ,iwtid ehk; fz;ljpy;iy vk; ,jaj;jpy; ,d;Wk; eP ,iwtdha; ,Uf;fpwha; mg;gh

15) jd;dykw;w jtrp Mf;fk;:- R.Rkjud;

ehk; thOk; G+kpf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

rf;jp #hpadplkpUe;J – vk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk; fy;tp jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpaplkpUe;J khztHfspd; epiyawpe;J mtHfs;


mwptwpe;J fw;gpg;gJk; ,q;Fjhd; khztHfs; gyJzpe;J ghPl;irfspy; Nghl;b NghLtJk; ,q;Fjhd; nghOJNghf;Ffs; jd;dyk; kwe;J vkJ tPo;r;rpia jLj;J epWj;j jtrp vLf;Fk; Kaw;rp ,d;W tiu Kd;Ndw;wk;jhd; ,dpAk; -vk; gpuNjrk; fy;tp tsHr;rpapy; nfhz;lhl;lk;jhd;. G+kpapy; gpwe;Njhk; tshe;Njhk; vd;W guzp ghLtjpy; mH;jjkpy;iy vd;Wk; juzpapNy fy;tpapy; rpwe;JthoNtz;Lk; vd;W mwpTiu $WtJk; ,q;Fjhd;. jtrpf;Nf te;J NrHe;jhy; Ngha;tpLkhk; ftiyfs;> Jd;gq;fs; kdr;NrhHTfs; - Vnddpy; jtrpapy; fw;gpg;gJ xU kdpjd;; kl;Lky;y vk; kdkwpe;j vq;fs; Mrhd;.

16) jioj;Njhq;Fk; jtrp

Mf;fk;;:- j.jduh[; %j;jg;ghNt epid ehk; gphpe;J %d;whz;L nrd;whYk; - cd; Kaw;rpahy; jioj;njOe;j jtrp Kd;Ndw;wg;ghijapy; tPWeilNghLNj kw;NwhiuAk; Kd;Ndw;WtNj tho;f;if tho;e;j kbtjy;y vd tha;kyHe;J eP ciuj;j thHj;ij ke;jputhf;fha; mike;jJNt cd;kfdhd vk;Nrtfd; ck; thHj;ijia rpuNke;jp - ,k; kz; tho; kf;fSf;fha; tho kiyNghd;W Jzpe;Jtpl;lhd; jd;dykw;w jtrpapd; Nrit

jsuhky; tsu – vd;Wk; ,iwth epd; jpUtUis ,iwQ;rp epw;fpd;Nwhk;.


17) vd;d ifk;khW nra;Ntd; Mf;fk;:- fhdfd; jkpo; kz;zpy; cUthfp jdpahf epd;w vd;id jhahfepd;W ,uf;fj;jpy; jj;njLj;j je;ijNa md;idapd; md;igtpl eP ms;spr; nrhhpe;jhNa vd;kPJ mJkl;Lkh mstpy;yhj mwpitAk; Nghjpj;jhNa elf;fj;njhpahj taJfspy; eilgof;fpaJld;> cd; NjhopYk; Jhf;fpr;nry;thNa Njhs; RikNghd;W vd;id. ghlrhiyg; gUtkjpy; vd;id grp vLf;fhky; gapw;Wtpj;jhNa ghPl;irapd;NghJ ,iwtd; cs;shd; gag;glhky; gb vd;whNa cd; MrPHthjkpUe;jhy; cyifNa nty;yyhk; vg;NghJk; cd;ikiaAk; NeHikAk; cWjpahf filg;gpbf;fr; nrhd;dhNa Jd;gk; tUk;NghJ Jauj;jpy; gq;nfLj;Jk; ntw;wp; tUk;NghJ Cf;fg;gLj;jpAk; cw;rhf%l;b xU ed;gd; NghYk; ,Ue;jhNa cd;tho;f;if ,Wjpf;fhykjpy; cd;$ldpUf;Fk; ghf;fpak; vdf;F fpilj;jpUe;jhYk; xUrpy fhyq;fspy; cd;Nehapd;NghJ cidr; Rke;jNghjpYk; eP vd;id cyfpy; caHj;jpajw;F ehd; vd;d ifk;khWjhd; nra;Ntd;.

Documents

KOKjw;nghUs; Jiz gRik Nyzpq; rpw;wp 3 gRik 2010 Kd;Diu jtrp Nyzpq; rpw;wpahdJ tUlh tUlk; ,f;fy;tp epiyaj;jpd; ];jhgfH mkuH f.khhpKj;jd; mtHfspd; epidthf ghprspg;G tpohtpid elhj;jp