KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    1/16

    SUPPORT SPIRITUAL

    DALAM KEPERAWATAN

    DI SUSUN OLEH:

    M. RISSA JAYADI

    C 1008064

    SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATANBHAKTI MANDALA HUSADA

    SLAWI-2012

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    2/16

    KATA PENGANTAR

    Puji syukur k!i "#j$k# "% A&&' S(). kr*# $s +*rk$ R'!$ %# ,ru#i-

    Ny k!i %"$ !*yusu# %# !*#y*&*sik# !k&' i#i y# !*!+'s $*#$#

    /,ONSEP SPIRI)UAL DALAM ,EPERA(A)AN.

    P% k*s*!"$# y# +ik i#i "*#u&is !*#u"k# +#yk $*ri!ksi' "% s*!u

    "i'k y# $*&' !*!+#$u !*#y*&*sik# !k&' i#i %# %2s*# "*#!"u y# $*&'

    !*!+*rik# +i!+i## %&! "*!+u$# !k&' i#i. S*r$ "% r*k#-r*k# !'sis3

    y# $*&' !*!+*rik# s*!#$ "2si$i +i "*#u&is s*'i# !k&' i#i %"$

    %is*&*sik# %*## +ik.

    P*#u&is s%r +'3 !k&' i#i ju' %ri s*!"ur#5 2&*' kr*##y "*#u&is s#$

    !*#'r"k# kri$ik %# sr# y# !*!+#u# u#$uk k*s*!"ur## !k&' i#i %# ju

    s*+i +'# !suk# %&! "*!+u$# !k&' +*riku$#y.

    S&3i5 *+ruri 7017

    P*#u&is

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    3/16

    BAB I

    PENDAHULUAN

    A. LATAR BELAKANG

    P*r3$ s*+i $*# k*s*'$# y# "r2*ssi2#& !*!"u#yi k*s*!"$#

    "&i# +*sr u#$uk !*!+*rik# "*&y## k*s*'$# k'usus#y "*&y##su'#

    k*"*r3$# y# k2!"r*'*#si %*## !*!+#$u k&i*# !*!*#u'i k*+u$u'# %sr

    y# '2&is$ik.

    P*r3$ !*!#%# k&i*# s*+i !k'&uk +i2-"sik2-s2si2ku&$ur& %# s"iri$u&

    y# +*r*s"2# s*r '2&is$ik %# u#ik $*r'%" "*ru+'# k*s*'$# $u "% k*%#

    krisis. Asu'# k*"*r3$# y# %i+*rik# 2&*' "*r3$ $i%k +is $*r&*"s %ri i#$*rksi

    "*r3$ %*## k&i*#.

    P*r3$ +*ru"y u#$uk !*!+#$u !*!*#u'i k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& k&i*# s*+i

    +i# %ri k*+u$u'# !*#y*&uru' k&i*#5 #$r &i# %*## !*!si&i$si "*!*#u'#

    k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& k&i*# $*rs*+u$5 3&u "u# "*r3$ %# k&i*# !*!"u#yi k*yki##

    s"iri$u& $u k*!# y# $i%k s!.

    )*# !*%is +ik %2k$*r5 "*r3$5 #&is %# y# +*r'u+u## %*## sis$*!

    y# % %i Ru!' ski$ !*ru"k# su$u k$2r "*#%uku# u#$uk k*s*!+u'# "si*#55

    %# s*"i#$r ""u# %2k$*r $u "*r3$ y# !*###i "si*# i$u '#y !*#2+$i

    "si*# %# k*s*!+u'# "si*# y# !*#*#$uk# '#y&' ALLAH S().

    B. TUJUAN PENULISAN

    1. )uju# u!u!

    U#$uk !*#*$'ui "k' y# %i!ksu% %*## su""2r$ s"iri$u& i$u.

    7. )uju# ,'usus. U#$uk !*#j*&sk# " "*#*r$i# s"iri$u&.

    +. U#$uk !*#*$'ui krk$*ris$ik k&i*# y# !*!+u$u'k# su""2r$ s"iri$u&.

    . U#$uk !*!*#u'i $us $*rs$ruk$ur !$ ku&i' s*!*s$*r "*#%*k !.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    4/16

    BAB II

    TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

    A. PENGERTIAN

    S"iri$u&i$s5 k*yki## %# ! !*ru"k# '& y# $*r"is'5 3&u "u#

    s*ri#k&i %ir$ik# s!. P*!'!# $*#$# "*r+*%# #$r $i is$i&' $*rs*+u$

    s#$ "*#$i# +i "*r3$ u#$uk !*#'i#%rk# s&' "*#*r$i# y# k#

    !*!"*#ru'i "*#%*k$# y# %iu#k# "*r3$.

    SPIRITUAL

    1. M*#uru$ 9urk'r%$ 1;;

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    5/16

    ,*+u$u'# s"iri$u& %&' k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*!"*r$'#k# $u

    !*#*!+&ik# k*yki## %# !*!*#u'i k*3ji+# !5 s*r$ k*+u$u'# u#$uk

    !*#%"$k# ! $u "*#!"u##5 !*#i#$i5 !*#j&i# 'u+u## "*#u' rs

    "*ry %*## )u'#

    Kesimpulan:

    ,*+u$u'# s"iri$u& !*ru"k# k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*#ri r$i %# $uju# 'i%u"5

    k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*#i#$i %# %ii#$i s*r$ rs k*$*rik$#5 %# k*+u$u'# u#$uk

    !*!+*rik# %# !*#%"$k# !.

    KEPERCAYAAN (FAITH)

    M*!"u#yi k*"*ry# $u k*yki## +*rr$i !*!"*ryi $u !*!"u#yi

    k2!i$!*# $*r'%" s*su$u $u s*s*2r#. S*r u!u! ! $u k*yki## s"iri$u&

    !*ru"k# u"y s*s*2r# u#$uk !*!'!i $*!"$ s*s*2r# %i %&! k*'i%u"#5

    yi$u +i!# s*s*2r# !*&i'$ %iri#y %&! 'u+u###y %*## &i#ku## s*r

    !*#y*&uru'.

    AGAMA

    M*ru"k# su$u sis$*! i+%' y# $*r2r#isir $u $*r$ur. A! !*!"u#yi

    k*yki## s*#$r&5 ri$u&5 %# "rk$ik y# +is#y +*r'u+u## %*## k*!$i#5

    "*rk3i## %# k*s*&!$#"*#y*&!$# salvation=. A! !*!"u#yi $ur#-$ur#

    $*r$*#$u y# %i"rkk$ik# %&! k*'i%u"# s*'ri-'ri y# !*!+*rik# k*"us# +i

    y# !*#jk##y. P*rk*!+## k*!# i#%ii%u !*rujuk "% "*#*ri!#

    k*yki##5 #i&i5 $ur# %# ri$u& $*r$*#$u

    B. KARAKTERISTIK SPIRITUALITAS

    U#$uk !*!u%'k# %&! !*!+*rik# su'# k*"*r3$# %*##

    !*!"*r'$ik# k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& "*#*ri! &y## k*"*r3$#5 !k "*r3$ !u$&k

    "*r&u !*!i&iki k*!!"u# !*#i%*#$iiksi $u !*#*#& krk$*ris$ik s"iri$u&i$s

    s*+i +*riku$:

    1. Hu+u## %*## %iri s*#%iri Kekuatan dalam/%#self-reliance)

    . P*#*$'u# %iri si" %iri#y5 " y# %"$ %i&kuk##y=.

    +. Sik" "*ry "% %iri s*#%iri5 "*ry "% k*'i%u"#!s %*"#5

    k*$*### "ikir#5 'r!2#ik*s*&rs# %*## %iri s*#%iri=.

    7. Hu+u## %*## &! Harmoni). M*#*$'ui $*#$# $#!#5 "2'2#5 !rs$35 ik&i!.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    6/16

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    7/16

    P% s$ !*#&!i s$r*ss5 i#%ii%u k# !*#ri %uku## %ri k*yki##

    !#y. Duku## i#i s#$ %i"*r&uk# u#$uk %"$ !*#*ri! k*%# ski$ y#

    %i&!i5 k'usus#y jik "*#yki$ $*rs*+u$ !*!*r&uk# "r2s*s "*#y*!+u'# y#

    &! %*## 'si& y# +*&u! "s$i. S*!+'y# $u +*r%25 !*!+ ki$+ sui5

    %# "rk$ik k*!# &i##y s*ri# !*!+#$u !*!*#u'i k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& y#

    ju !*ru"k# su$u "*r&i#%u## $*r'%" $u+u'.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    8/16

    . !+r# $*#$# )u'# y# +*k*rj !*&&ui k*%*k$# %*## !#usi %#

    s&i# k*$*rik$# %*## k*'i%u"#.

    +. M*!"*ryi +'3 )u'# $*r&i+$ %&! "*ru+'# %# "*rk*!+## %iri

    s*r$ $r#s2r!si y# !*!+u$ %u#i $*$" s*r5 "*#u' k*'i%u"# %#

    +*rr$i.

    . M*yki#i )u'# !*!"u#yi k*ku$# %# s*ju$#y !*rs $ku$

    !*#'%"i k*kus# )u'#.

    %. !+r# 'ysi#r.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    9/16

    "*r&u !*#syukuri#y. P*ris$i3 %&! k*'i%u"# s*ri# %i#" s*+i su$u

    2+# y# %i+*rik# )u'# k*"% !#usi u#$uk !*#uji k*ku$# i!##y.

    P% s$ i#i5 k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& k# !*#i#k$ y# !*!*r&uk# k*%&!#

    s"iri$u& %# k*!!"u# k2"i# u#$uk !*!*#u'i#y

    6. ,risis %# "*ru+'#

    )22$'5 1;;7= %# Cr*# ? Hir#&* 1;;6=. ,risis s*ri# %i&!i k*$ik

    s*s*2r# !*#'%"i "*#yki$5 "*#%*ri$#5 "r2s*s "*#u#5 k*'i# %#

    +'k# k*!$i#5 k'usus#y "% k&i*# %*## "*#yki$ $*r!i#& $u %*##

    "r2#2sis y# +uruk. P*ru+'# %&! k*'i%u"# %# krisis y# %i'%"i $*rs*+u$

    !*ru"k# "*#&!# s"iri$u& s*&i# ju "*#&!# y# +*rsi$ isik %#

    *!2si2#&. ,risis %# "*ru+'# %"$ !*#u$k# k*%&!# s"iri$u& s*s*2r#.

    ,risis +is +*r'u+u## %*## "*ru+'# "$2isi2&2i5 treatment$*r"i

    "*#2+$# y# %i"*r&uk#5 $u si$usi y# !*!"*#ru'i s*s*2r#. Di#2sis

    "*#yki$ $u "*#yki$ $*r!i#& "% u!u!#y k# !*#i!+u&k# "*r$#y#

    $*#$# sis$*! k*"*ry# s*s*2r#. A"+i& k&i*# %i'%"k# "% k*!$i#5

    !k k*yki## s"iri$u& %# k*i#i## u#$uk s*!+'y#+*r%2 &*+i' $i#i

    %i+#%i#k# "% "si*# y# +*r"*#yki$ $i%k $*r!i#&.

    . )*r"is' %ri ik$# s"iri$u&

    M*#%*ri$ ski$ $*ru$! y# +*rsi$ ku$5 s*ri#k&i !*!+u$ i#%ii%u

    !*rs $*ris2&si %# k*'i# k*+*+s+# "ri+%i %# sis$*! %uku## s2si&

    social support system=. ,&i*# y# %ir3$ !*rs $*ris2&si %&! ru## y#

    si# +i#y %# !*rs $i%k !#. ,*+is# 'i%u" s*'ri-'ri ju +*ru+'5

    #$r &i# $i%k %"$ !*#'%iri r r*s!i5 !*#iku$i k*i$# k*!# $u

    $i%k %"$ +*rku!"u& %*## k*&ur $u $*!# %*k$ y# +is !*!+*rik#

    %uku## s*$i" s$ %ii#i#k#. )*r"is'#y k&i*# %ri ik$# s"iri$u& +*risik2

    $*rj%i#y "*ru+'# u#si s"iri$uy.

    8. Isu !2r& $*rki$ %*## $*r"i

    P% k*+#yk# !5 "r2s*s "*#y*!+u'# %i#" s*+i r )u'#

    u#$uk !*#u#jukk# k*+*sr##y5 3&u"u# % ju ! y# !*#2&k

    i#$*r*#si "*#2+$#. Pr2s*%ur !*%ik s*ri#k&i %"$ %i"*#ru'i 2&*' "*#jr#

    !5 !isy sirku!sisi5 $r#s"$si 2r#5 "*#*'# k*'!i s$r*ri&issi.

    ,2#&ik #$r j*#is $*r"i %*## k*yki## ! s*ri# %i&!i 2&*' k&i*# %#

    $*# k*s*'$#.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    10/16

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    11/16

    !*#ri &s# $*rj%i#y su$u si$usi %# +*ru"y !*#ri k$ y# %"$

    !*#j*&sk# si$usi $*rs*+u$5 #!u# % y# +*rksi s*r *!2si2#& %# !*#ri

    i#2r!si s*r$ %uku## %ri k*&ur $u $*!#. P*rs# +*rs&'5 rs $ku$5

    %*"r*si %# #si*$s !u#ki# !*#u#jukk# "*ru+'# u#si s"iri$u&.

    G. PERAWAT SEBAGAI CONTOH PERAN (ROLE MODEL)

    S*$i" M#usi !*!"u#yi $i k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& y# s! yi$u k*+u$u'#

    k#r$i %# $uju# 'i%u"5 k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*#i#$i %# +*r'u+u##5 s*r$ k*+u$u'#

    u#$uk !*#%"$k# "*#!"u##

    )y&2r5 Li&is ? L* M2#* 1;;=5 %&! '& i#i "*r3$ k#:

    1. M*!"u#yi "*## $*#$# k*yki## s"iri$u& y# !*!*#u'i k*+u$u'##y

    u#$uk !*#%"$k# r$i %# $uju# 'i%u"5 !*#i#$i %# +*r'u+u## s*r$

    "*#!"u##.

    7. 9*r$2&k %ri k*ku$# s"iri$u& %&! k*'i%u"# s*'ri-'ri i#i5 $*ru$! k*$ik

    !*#'%"i #y*ri5 "*#%*ri$# %# k*!$i# %&! !*&kuk# "rk$ik "r2*si2#&.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    12/16

    Pr$isi"si k&i*# %&! k*i$# ! "k' %i&kuk# s*r k$i $u

    $i%k k$i.

    J*#is "r$isi"si %&! k*i$# !.

    +. ,*yki## ! $u s"iri$u&5 !*!"*#ru'i:

    Praktik k*s*'$#: %i*$5 !*#ri %# !*#*ri! $*r"i5 ri$u& $u u"r

    !.

    P*rs*"si "*#yki$: 'uku!#5 2+# $*r'%" k*yki##.

    S$r$*i k2"i#

    . Ni&i ! $u s"iri$u&5 !*!"*#ru'i:

    )uju# %# r$i 'i%u".

    )uju# %# r$i k*!$i#.

    ,*s*'$# %# "*!*&i'r##y.

    Hu+u## %*## )u'#5 %iri s*#%iri %# 2r# &i#.

    %. P*#kji# %$ su+j*k$i

    P*%2!# P*#kji# S"iri$u& y# %isusu# 2&*' S$2&& %&! Cr*# ? Hir#&*

    1;;6= !*#ku" *!"$ r* yi$u:

    ,2#s*" $*#$# )u'# $u ,*$u'##

    Su!+*r 'r"# %# k*ku$#

    Prk$ik ! %# ri$u&

    Hu+u## #$r k*yki#i# s"iri$u& %# k2#%isi k*s*'$#.

    *. P*#kji# %$ 2+j*k$i

    P*#kji# %$ 2+j*k$i %i&kuk# !*&&ui "*#kji# k&i#ik y#

    !*&i"u$i "*#kji# *k %# sik"5 "*ri&ku5 *r+&issi5 'u+u##

    i#$*r"*rs2#& %# &i#ku##. P*#kji# %$ 2+j*k$i $*ru$! %i&kuk#

    !*&&ui 2+s*rsi.

    7. krk$*ris$ik k&i*# y# !*#&!i %is$r*ss s"iri$u& :

    . ,&i*# y# $!"k k*s*"i# %# s*%iki$ "*#u#ju#5

    +. ,&i*# y# !*#*ks"r*sik# rs $ku$ %# *!s5

    . ,&i*# y# !*#*ks"r*sik# k*ru# $*r'%" sis$*! k*"*ry#!5

    %. ,&i*# y# !*#*ks"r*sik# rs $ku$ $*r'%" k*!$i#5

    *. ,&i*# y# k# %i2"*rsi5

    . P*#yki$ y# +*r'u+u## %*## *!2si $u i!"&iksi s2si& %# !.

    M*#u+' y 'i%u":

    . Pr*2ku"si $$ '+ ! %# k*s*'$#5

    +. )i%k %"$ %iku#ju#i 2&*' "*!uk !5

    . )%k !!"u !*#2&k !*&kuk# ri$u& s"iri$u&5

    %. M*!*r+&issik# +'3 "*#yki$ y# %i%*ri$#y !*ru"k# 'uku!#

    %ri )u'#5

    *. M*#*s"r*sik# k*!r'##y $'% )u'#5

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    13/16

    . M*!"*r$#yk# r*## $*r"i kr*# +*r$*#$## %*## k*yki##

    !.

    . S*%# !*#'%"i skr$u& !u$ dying=.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    14/16

    %. M*#i%*#$iiksi %uku## s"iri$u& !*!+ ki$+ sui5 k*&2!"2k

    "*#ji#5 %s+=.

    *. M*&"2rk# $u !*#%*!2#s$rsik# +*rkur##y %is$r*ss s"iri$u& s*$*&'

    k*+*r'si i#$*r*#si.

    P*r*### %ir## u$k !*!*#u'i k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& k&i*# %*##:

    . M*!+#$u k&i*# !*!*#u'i k*3ji+# !#y.

    +. M*!+#$u k&i*# !*#u#k# su!+*r %ri %&! %iri#y %*## r &*+i'

    **k$i u#$uk !*#$si si$usi y# s*%# %i&!i#y.

    . M*!+#$u k&i*# !*!"*r$'#k# $u !*!+i# 'u+u## "*rs2#& y#

    %i#!ik %*## M' P*#i"$ k*$ik s*%# !*#'%"i "*ris$i3 y#

    kur# !*#y*##k#.

    %. M*!+#$u k&i*# !*#ri r$i k*+*r%##y %# si$usi y# s*%#%i'%"i#y.

    *. M*#i#k$k# "*rs# "*#u' 'r"#.

    . M*!+*rik# su!+*r s"iri$u& $u r &i# y# r*&*#.

    @. I!"&*!*#$si

    . P*riks k*yki## s"iri$u& "ri+%i "*r3$.

    +. 2kusk# "*r'$i# "% "*rs*"si k&i*# $*r'%" k*+u$u'# s"iri$uy.

    . J## !*#su!si k&i*# $i%k !*!"u#yi k*+u$u'# s"iri$u&.

    %. M*#*$'ui "*s# #2#-*r+& $*#$# k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& k&i*#.

    *. 9*r*s"2# sr si#k$5 s"*siik %# k$u&.

    . M*#%*#rk# s*r k$i %# !*#u#jukk# *!"$i y# +*rr$i

    !*#'y$i !s&' k&i*#.

    . M*#*r"k# $*k#ik k2!u#iksi $*r"*u$ik %*## $*k#ik !*#%uku#5

    !*#*ri!5 +*r$#y5 !*!+*ri i#2r!si5 r*&*ksi5 !*#&i "*rs# %#

    k*ku$# y# %i!i&iki k&i*#.

    '. M*#i#k$k# k*s%r# %*## k*"*k# "% u"# $u "*s# *r+&

    k&i*#.

    i. 9*rsik" *!"$i y# +*rr$i !*!'!i %# !*#&!i "*rs# k&i*#.

    j. M*!'!i !s&' k&i*# $#" !*#'uku! 3&u"u# $i%k +*rr$i !*#y*$ujui

    k&i*#.k. M*#$uk# r$i %# si$usi k&i*#5 +i!# k&i*# +*r*s"2# $*r'%"

    "*#yki$G

    &. A"k' k&i*# !*##" "*#yki$ y# %i%*ri$#y !*ru"k# 'uku!#5

    2+# $u #u*r' %ri )u'#G

    !. M*!+#$u !*!si&i$si k&i*# r %"$ !*!*#u'i k*3ji+# !.

    #. M*!+*ri$'u "*&y## s"iri$u& y# $*rs*%i %i RS.

    2. I#$*r*#si k*"*r3$# "*r&u %is*suik# %*## $'" "*rk*!+##

    k*yki## ! $i" i#%ii%u k&i*# +*r%srk# usi.

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    15/16

    6. E&usi

    U#$uk !*#*&usi "k' k&i*# $*&' !*#"i kri$*ri 'si& y# $*&'

    %i$*$"k# "% s* "*r*###5 "*r3$ "*r&u !*#u!"u&k# %$ $*rki$

    %*## "*#"i# $uju# su'# k*"*r3$#. )uju# su'# k*"*r3$# $*rj%i

    "+i& s*r u!u! k&i*#:

    . M!"u +*ris$ir'$ %*## $*##.

    +. M*#y$k# "*#*ri!# k*"u$us# !2r&*$ik.

    . M*#*ks"r*sik# rs %!i +*r'u+u## %*## )u'#.

    %. M*#u#jukk# 'u+u## y# '#$5 %# $*r+uk %*## "*!uk !.

    *. M*#u#jukk# *k "2si$i5 $#" "*rs# !r'5 rs +*rs&' %# #si*$s.

    . M*#u#jukk# "*ri&ku &*+i' "2si$i.

    . M*#*ks"r*sik# r$i "2si$i $*r'%" si$usi %# k*+*r%##y.

    BAB III

    PENUTUP

  • 8/10/2019 KONSEP SPIRITUAL.doc

    16/16

    A. KESIMPULAN

    S"iri$u&i$s5 k*yki## %# ! !*ru"k# '& y# $*r"is'5 3&u "u#

    s*ri#k&i %ir$ik# s!. P*!'!# $*#$# "*r+*%# #$r $i is$i&' $*rs*+u$

    s#$ "*#$i# +i "*r3$ u#$uk !*#'i#%rk# s&' "*#*r$i# y# k#

    !*!"*#ru'i "*#%*k$# y# %iu#k# "*r3$. ,*+u$u'# s"iri$u& !*ru"k#

    k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*#ri r$i %# $uju# 'i%u"5 k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*#i#$i %# %ii#$i

    s*r$ rs k*$*rik$#5 %# k*+u$u'# u#$uk !*!+*rik# %# !*#%"$k# !.

    B. SARAN

    U#$uk !*!u%'k# %&! !*!+*rik# su'# k*"*r3$# %*##!*!"*r'$ik# k*+u$u'# s"iri$u& "*#*ri! &y## k*"*r3$#5 !k "*r3$

    !u$&k "*r&u !*!i&iki k*!!"u# !*#i%*#$iiksi $u !*#*#& krk$*ris$ik

    s"iri$u&i$s.

    DAFTAR PUSTAKA

    Hi%y$5 A&i!u& A5 7004=. Pengantar Konsep asar Kepera%atan S&*!+ M*%ik5

    Jkr$.

    Mur3#i5 Ari$5 7008=.Pengantar Konsep asar Kepara%atani$r!y5 Y2ykr$.