Krok 1 STOMATOLOGY · Krok 1 Stomatology (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2018 рiк 1 1. Several patients with similar complai-nts came to

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Test items for licensing examination

Krok 1

STOMATOLOGY

Student ID Last name

Variant ________________

ББК 54.1я73

УДК 61

Authors of items: Abramets I.I., Ananko S.Ya., Andrieieva V.F., Andriychuk O.V., Antonenko P.B.,

Bakalets O.V., Basiy R.V., Bielienichev I.F., Bohatyrova O.V., Bohomaz O.V., Boieva S.S., Boikiv D.P.,

Boiko O.V., Bondarenko V.V., Borysenko B.O., Bozhko O.H., Burdeniuk I.P., Chekman I.S., Cherkas L.P.,

Chernobai L.V., Chernovska N.V., Danylyshyna M.V., Diadyk O.O., Dieieva T.V., Dieltsova O.I.,

Dihol L.H., Duhadko L.M., Eromina A.K., Fedorchenko O.M., Filchukov D.O., Haidai H.L., Harhin V.V.,

Hladchuk A.B., Hliebov O.M., Holota L.H., Holovatiuk O.L., Hopkalov V.H., Horchakova N.O.,

Hrytsenko L.Z., Hubina-Vakulyk H.I., Hudyvok Ya.S., Hurmak I.S., Ivanova A.Y., Izmailova L.V.,

Kachula S.O., Kaptiukh R.F., Karnaukh E.V., Kava T.V., Kavun M.P., Khmara T.V., Khodorovsky H.I.,

Khomutov Ye.V., Khripkov I.S., Kiriakulov H.S., Klypych Ya.I., Koldunov V.V., Kolisnyk I.L.,

Kolomiyets N.H., Kolot E.H., Kononchuk M.A., Kononenko O.V., Korol A.P., Korolenko H.S.,

Kovalenko L.H., Kozhemiaka I.Ya., Kravets D.S., Krushynska T.Yu., Kryvobok H.K., Kukurychkin Ye.R.,

Kulish A.S., Kutsevol O.V., Kutsyk R.V., Kuziv O.Ye., Kuzyk I.Ya., Kyrychenko L.H., Lavrentiev K.K.,

Lazarev K.L., Lebedenko V.Yu., Lemke M.O., Linchevska L.P., Lohvinenko V.A., Lytvynenko M.V.,

Malikov O.V., Mateshuk-Vatseba L.R., Matiushenko P.M., Mishchenko A.V., Mishchenko N.P.,

Modna Yu.M., Morhun Z.K., Muliarchuk N.M., Mykhailiuk I.O., Narbutova T.Ye., Navnyko T.S.,

Nikolenko O.H., Okulov V.I., Ostrovska S.S., Ovchynnikov S.O., Palapa V.Y., Pandikidis N.I.,

Petriuk A.Ye., Piddubniak Yu.H., Pidruchna S.R., Poliakova E.H., Posokhova K.A., Pospielov O.M.,

Potikha N.Ya., Pototska I.I., Pysmenetska I.Yu., Raskaliei V.B., Reshetilova N.B., Reshetniak T.A.,

Romanenko O.V., Romaniuk A.L., Rudiuk T.Ya., Rudnytska O.H., Rusalov V.L., Salmanova O.M.,

Shanko V.M., Shapkin A.S., Shapoval O.M., Shershun H.H., Shestitko I.I., Shkurenko V.P.,

Shnaiderman O.Yu., Shyrobokov V.P., Simachova A.V., Skorobohatova Z.M., Starchenko I.I.,

Starlychanova L.D., Stepanchuk A.P., Sudarikova L.H., Sukhomllinova I.E., Suprunov K.V.,

Syvokoniuk O.V., Tananakina T.P., Tarasova K.V., Teleshova O.V., Tkachenko V.L., Tomashova S.A.,

Tsybulska L.S., Tursunova Yu.D., Tverdokhlib I.V., Tvorko M.S., Vasylenko I.V., Vasylieva A.H.,

Vasylyk L.V., Vernyhor O.O., Volokhova H.O., Vorobets Z.D., Yashchenko A.M., Yeromina N.F.,

Yoltukhivsky M.V., Zaiachkivska O.S., Zaporozhchenko N.V., Zavhorodniy I.V., Zdykhovsky I.O.,

Zelenina N.M., Zenin O.K., Zhulinsky V.O., Zinchenko O.V., Zlenko O.T., Zuikov S.O. and Committees of

professional expertise

Item reviewers. Ananko S.YA., Basiy R.V., Bilash S.M., Chevelenkova A.V., Deyneka S.YE.,

Dyeltsova O.I., Fomina L.V., Gaydash I.S., Golovatyuk O.L., Gorgol N.I., Kava T.V., Korolenko G.S.,

Koldunov V.V., Kovalchuk L.YE., Linchevska L.P., Maliy K.D., Neporada K.S., Nikolenko O.G.,

Ovchinnikov S.O., Pikaluk V.S., Prokof’yeva N.V., Pushkar M.S., Sikora V.Z., Sklyarov O.YA.,

Skorobogatova Z.M., Tananakina T.P., Teleshova O.V., Tkachuk S.S., Trzhecinskiy S.D., Vinnikov YU.M.,

Vorobets Z.D., Yoltuhivskiy M.V., Zelenina N.M., Zinkovska L.YA., Zhadinskiy M.V., Zhulinskiy V.O.

The book includes test items for use at licensing integrated examination “Krok 1. Stomatology” and

further use in teaching.

The book has been developed for students of stomatological faculties and academic staff of higher

medical educational establishments.

Approved by Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine as examination and teaching

publication based on expert conclusions (Orders of MPH of Ukraine of

14.08.1998 №251, of 27.12.1999 №303, of 16.10.2002 №374, of 16.04.2003 №239,

of 29.05.2003 №233, of 23.07.2007 №414).

© Copyright Testing Board.

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Krok 1 Stomatology (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2018 рiк 1

1. Several patients with similar complai-nts came to the doctor. They all presentwith weakness, pain in the intestines, indi-gestion. Feces analysis revealed the needfor urgent hospitalization of the patient,who had microbial cysts with four nucleidetected in his samples. Such cysts arecharacteristic of the following protozoon:

A. Entamoeba histolyticaB. BalantidiumC. Entamoeba coliD. TrichomonadE. Lamblia

2. A patient was diagnosed with amonogenic hereditary disease. Name thisdisease:

A. HemophiliaB. HypertensionC. Peptic ulcer disease of the stomachD. PoliomyelitisE. Hymenolepiasis

3. According to the law of constancy ofchromosome numbers, most animal speci-es have definite and constant chromosomenumber. The mechanism that maintainsthis constancy during sexual reproductionof organisms is called:

A. MeiosisB. SchizogonyC. AmitosisD. RegenerationE. -

4. At a certain stage of human ontogenesis,physiological bond occurs between ci-rculatory systems of the mother and thefetus. This function is being carried out bythe following provisory organ:

A. PlacentaB. Yolk sacC. AmnionD. Serous tunicE. Allantois

5. According to the data collected by WHOresearchers, every year there are approxi-mately 250 millon malaria cases occur inthe world. This disease can be encounteredpredominantly in tropical and subtropicalareas. The spread of this disease matchesthe natural habitat of the following genusof mosquitoes:

A. AnophelesB. CulexC. AedesD. MansoniaE. Culiseta

6. A hunter was drinking raw water from apond. He risks infection with the followingtype of trematodiasis:

A. FascioliasisB. OpisthorchiasisC. ParagonimiasisD. ClonorchiasisE. Dicroceliasis

7. A patient complains of urine excreti-on that occurs during sexual intercourse.What organ is affected?

A. ProstateB. TesticleC. Seminal vesiclesD. EpididymisE. Urinary bladder

8. After facial trauma the patientdeveloped a buccal hematoma. What sali-vatory gland has its outflow blocked by thehematoma?

A. ParotidB. SublingualC. SubmandibularD. LingualE. Buccal

9. A woman complains of painful chewing,especilly when she moves her lower jawbackwards. What muscles are affected?

A. Posterior bundles of the temporalmusclesB. Anterior bundles of the temporalmusclesC. Medial pterygoid musclesD. Lateral pterygoid musclesE. Masseter muscles

10. A patient complains of painful chewi-ng, especially when his lower jaw movesforward and to the side. It indicates functi-onal disorder of the following muscles:

A. Lateral pterygoid musclesB. Medial pterygoid musclesC. Masseter musclesD. Mylohyoid musclesE. Temporal muscles

11. A patient consulted a doctor aboutan increased pain sensitivity of the earskin and ear canal. Palpation behind thesternocleidomastoid muscle was painful.Such clinical presentations are typical ofthe irritation of the following nerve:


A. N. auricularis magnusB. N. occipitalis minorC. Nn. supraclavicularesD. N. vagusE. N. transversus colli

12. Due to sustained trauma the patientpresents with unevenly dilated pupils (ani-socoria). What muscle is blocked?

A. Musculus sphincter pupillaeB. Musculus ciliarisC. Musculus rectus lateralisD. Musculus rectus superiorE. Musculus rectus inferior

13. Microphotogram made with electronmicroscope shows alveolar cells thatcompose blood-air barrier. Name this cells:

A. Alveolar respiratory epithelial cellsB. Alveolar secretory epithelial cellsC. Alveolar macrophagesD. Clara cells (club cells)E. Villous epithelial cells

14. During experiment, the myotome wasdestroyed in the rabbit fetus. This mani-pulation will result in malformation of thefollowing structure:

A. Skeletal musclesB. Axial skeletonC. Dermal connective tissueD. Smooth musclesE. Serous membranes

15. Electronic microscopy of a kidneyshows tubules paved with cuboidal epi-thelium. In the epithelium there are lightand dark cells. The light cells contain feworganelles; their cytoplasm forms folds.These cells provide reabsorption of waterfrom primary urine into blood. The darkcells structurally and functionally resemblegastric parietal cells. What tubules areshown on the microslide?

A. Collecting tubulesB. Proximal tubulesC. Distal tubulesD. Ascending limb of loop of HenleE. Descending limb of loop of Henle

16. Gastroscopy of a patient revealed thelack of mucus in the coating of the mucousmembrane. This can be caused by thedysfunction of the following cells of thegastric wall:

A. Cells of prismatic glandular epitheliumB. Parietal cells of gastric glandsC. Main exocrinocytesD. Cervical cellsE. Endocrinocytes

17. At the cementoenamel junction thereare non-calcified areas, through whichinfection often penetrates into the tooth.Name these structures:

A. Enamel tuftsB. Enamel prismsC. AmeloblastsD. OdontoblastsE. Tomes’ dentinal fiber

18. A slide mount of an ovary presents arounded structure with glandular cells thatcontain lipid droplets. Name this structure:

A. Corpus luteumB. Primordial ovarian follicleC. Primary ovarian follicleD. Mature ovarian follicleE. Corpus albicans

19. A microspecimen of heart showsrectangular cells from 50 to 120 mi-crometer in size with central position ofnucleus and developed myofibrils. Thecells are connected by intercalated discs.These cells are responsible for the followi-ng function:

A. Function of heart contractionsB. Function of impulse conductionC. EndocrineD. ProtectiveE. Regeneratory

20. After inhalation of dust a persondevelops cough, which results from sti-mulation of:

A. Irritant receptorsB. Juxtacapillary receptorsC. Pulmonary chemoreceptorsD. Pulmonary thermoreceptorsE. Nociceptors

21. Electric current has affected skeletalmuscle fiber resulting in depolarization ofthe membrane. Depolarization developsdue to the following ions penetrating themembrane:

A. Na+

B. HCO3−

C. Ca2+

D. Cl−

E. K+

22. An experimental animal, a dog, recei-ved a weak solution of hydrochloric


acid through a tube inserted into theduodenum. Primarily it will result inincreased secretion of the followinghormone:

A. SecretinB. GastrinC. HistamineD. CholecystokininE. Neurotensin

23. A woman presents with edemas. In herurine there is a large amount of proteinexcreted. What nephron segment is functi-onally disturbed in this case?

A. Renal corpuscleB. Proximal convoluted tubuleC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Descending limb of loop of HenleE. Ascending limb of loop of Henle

24. A patient suffers from diabetes melli-tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7.2mmol/L. What blood plasma protein wouldallow to assess the patient’s glycemia levelretrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to exami-nation)?

A. Glycated hemoglobinB. AlbuminC. FibrinogenD. C-reactive proteinE. Ceruloplasmin

25. The patient exhausted by starvationpresents with intensification of the followi-ng process in the liver and kidneys:

A. GluconeogenesisB. Urea synthesisC. Bilirubin synthesisD. Hippuric acid synthesisE. Uric acid synthesis

26. Mucin aggregates retain water, whichresults in their viscosity and protective acti-on. It is possible because mucin structurecontains:

A. GlycosaminoglycansB. HomopolysaccharidesC. DisaccharidesD. OligosaccharidesE. Glucose

27. A diabetus mellitus patient developedunconsciousness and convulsions afteradministration of insulin. What result ofblood glucose analysis is the most likely inthis case?

A. 1.5 mmol/LB. 3.3 mmol/LC. 8 mmol/LD. 10 mmol/LE. 5.5 mmol/L

28. Chronic overdosage of glucocorti-coids leads to the developmentof hyperglycemia. What process ofcarbohydrate metabolism is responsible forthis effect?

A. GluconeogenesisB. GlycogenolysisC. Aerobic glycolisisD. Pentose-phosphate cycleE. Glycogenesis

29. A patient with glossitis presents with di-sappearance of lingual papillae, reddeningand burning pain in the tongue. Blood test:erythrocytes - 2.2 · 1012/l, hemoglobin - 103g/l, color index - 1.4. What type of anemiais it?

A. B12 folate-deficiencyB. Iron deficiencyC. α-thalassemiaD. β-thalassemiaE. Iron refractory

30. A pregnant woman developed severetoxemia with exhausting recurrent vomi-ting throughout a day. By the end of theday she developed tetanic convulsions anddehydration. The described changes werecaused by the following type of acid-baseimbalance:

A. Nongaseous excretory alkalosisB. Gaseous alkalosisC. Gaseous acidosisD. Nongaseous metabolic acidosisE. Nongaseous excretory acidosis

31. A 13-year-old girl is an in-patient atthe hematology department of the regi-onal children’s hospital. She was diagnosedwith iron-deficiency anemia. What type ofhypoxia does this patient have?

A. HemicB. CirculatoryC. TissueD. RespiratoryE. Mixed

32. A 55-year-old man was diagnosed withacute glomerulonephritis. Name the mainmechanism of anemia development in thiscase:


A. Decreased erythropoietin synthesisB. Decreased glomerular filtrationC. Decreased synthesis of renalprostaglandinsD. Renal azotemiaE. Decreased tubular reabsorption

33. A man, who for a long time hasbeen suffering from chronic mandibularosteomyelitis, died of chronic kidney di-sease. Autopsy revealed large lardaceouskidneys. What process had occurred in thekidneys?

A. Renal amyloidosisB. Arterial nephrosclerosisC. GlomerulonephritisD. Necrotic nephrosisE. Contracted kidney

34. Macroscopic examination of lung ti-ssue revealed areas of high airiness withsmall bubbles. Histological examinationrevealed thinning and rupture of alveolarsepta accompanied by formation of largediversiform cavities. What disease wasrevealed in the lung?

A. Pulmonary emphysemaB. Multiple bronchiectasisC. Cavernous tuberculosisD. Chronic bronchitisE. Fibrosing alveolitis

35. On autopsy of a 69-year-old woman,who for a long time had been sufferi-ng from hypertension, the pathologistdetermined that both of her kidneys aredense, markedly diminished, with fine-grained surface. These changes are indi-cative of:

A. Atrophy due to inadequate blood supplyB. Compression atrophyC. Senile renal atrophyD. Dysfunctional atrophyE. Hypoplasia

36. Autopsy of a man who died of ethyleneglycol poisoning revealed that his ki-dneys are slightly enlarged, edematic; theircapsule can be easily removed. Corti-cal substance is broad and light gray.Medullary substance is dark red. Whatpathology did this man develop?

A. Necrotic nephrosisB. Acute pyelonephritisC. Acute glomerulonephritisD. Acute tubular-interstitial nephritisE. Lipoid nephrosis

37. Significant shortcoming of microscopyin infection diagnostics is its insufficientinformation value due to morphological

similarity between many species of mi-croorganisms. What immunoassay can si-gnificantly increase informativity of thismethod?

A. Fluorescence immunoassayB. Coombs’ testC. Immune-enzyme assayD. OpsonizationE. Radioimmunoassay

38. What drugs are used for specifictreatment of diphtheria?

A. Antitoxic serumB. Placental gamma globulinC. Native plasmaD. AntibioticsE. Anatoxin

39. An ophthalmologist suspectsblennorrhea (gonococcal conjunctivitis)in a child with signs of suppurativekeratoconjunctivitis. What laboratory di-agnostics should be conducted to confirmthe diagnosis?

A. Microscopy and bacteriological analysisB. Serum diagnostics and allergy testC. Biological analysis and phagodiagnosticsD. Biological analysis and allergy testE. Microscopy and serum diagnostics

40. Analysis of sputum taken from a pati-ent with suspected pneumonia revealed sli-ghtly elongated gram-positive diplococciwith tapered opposite ends. What mi-croorganisms were revealed in the sputum?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniaeB. Staphylococcus aureusC. Klebsiella pneumoniaeD. Neisseria meningitidisE. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

41. In a closed community it is necessary todetermine community members immuni-ty to diphtheria and verify the need fortheir vaccination. What investigation isnecessary in this case?

A. Determine antitoxin titer by means ofindirect hemagglutination assayB. Test community members for diphtheriabacillus carriageC. Determine diphtheria antibody titerD. Check medical records for vaccinationE. Determine community membersimmunity to diphtheria bacillus

42. For two weeks a woman has been taki-ng the mixture for neurasthenia, which wasprescribed by a neurologist. Her generalstate slightly improved but shortly shestarted complaining of rhinitis, conjunctivi-


tis, skin rashes, fatigue, and memory impai-rment. What group of drugs can have sucha side effect?

A. Bromine saltsB. Valerian preparationsC. Motherwort preparationsD. AdaptogensE. Hop preparations

43. A patient developed burning sensationin the oral cavity and white fuzzy coatingon the tongue. Oral thrush is diagnosed.What drug of those listed below should beused?

A. NystatinB. AmphotericinC. GriseofulvinD. TetracyclineE. Gentamicin

44. A dental patient was prescribed apsychosedative for his fear of pain. Whatdrug would be the most effective in thiscase?

A. DiazepamB. AminazineC. Lithium carbonateD. Valerian tinctureE. Sodium bromide

45. A patient with skin burns was deli-vered to a hospital. To clean the woundfrom necrotic tissues and mucus the doctorprescribed an enzymatic drug for topicaltreatment. Name this drug:

A. TripsinB. PancreatinC. AsparaginaseD. PepsinE. Streptokinase

46. A patient suffering from ciliaryarrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi-al asthma should be prescribed an anti-arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmicdrug is CONTRAINDICATED in thiscase?

A. Anaprilin (Propranolol)B. AjmalineC. VerapamilD. NifedipineE. Novocainamide (Procainamide)

47. A newborn failed to take his firstbreath. Autopsy revealed that despiteunobstructed airways the lungs of thenewborn were unable to stretch. What isthe most likely cause of this condition?

A. Absence of surfactantB. Bronchial narrowingC. Bronchial ruptureD. Pleural thickeningE. Alveolar enlargement

48. A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed withfaucial diphtheria. The patient died withsigns of acute heart failure. On autopsy:heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter,heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped onsection, with yellowish areas under theendocardium. What type of degenerationwas detected in cardiac hystiocytes?

A. FattyB. CarbohydrateC. BallooningD. Hyaline dropletE. Hydropic

49. During acute inflammation of parotidgland, there is damage to the cells ofsecretory segments observed. What cellsare damaged in this case?

A. Serous cells, myoepithelial cellsB. Albuminous cells, serous cells, mucouscellsC. Serous cells, cells with basal striation,stellate cellsD. Seromucous cellsE. Brush-bordered epithelial cells, cellswith basal striation

50. A child with signs of rickets has beenprescribed a certain liposoluble vitamindrug by the pediatrician and dentist. Thisdrug affects the metabolism of phosphorusand calcium in the body and facilitatescalcium accumulation in bone tissue anddentine. If its content in the body is insuffi-cient, there develop disorders of ossificati-on process, dental structure, and occlusion.Name this drug:

A. ErgocalciferolB. Retinol acetateC. Tocopherol acetateD. Menadione (Vicasolum)E. Thyroidin

51. A patient with parodontosis wasprescribed a fat-soluble vitamin that acti-vely participates in redox processes in theorganism. This antioxidant is a growthfactor, has antixerophthalmic action, andcontributes to maintenance of normalvision. In dental practice it is used toaccelerate mucosal re-epithelization duri-ng parodontosis. Name this substance:


A. Retinol acetateB. ErgocalciferolC. Tocopherol acetateD. Menadione (Vicasolum)E. Cyanocobalamin

52. A patient has deep lacerated wound wi-th uneven edges. The wound is suppurati-ng; its edges present with moist granulati-on tissue that does not protrude abovethe wound level. Name the type of woundhealing:

A. Healing by secondary intentionB. Healing by primary intentionC. Healing under the scabD. Direct closure of the epithelial defectE. Wound organization

53. Often the cause of secondaryimmunodeficiency is an infectious affecti-on of an organism, when agents reproducedirectly in the cells of immune system anddestroy them. Specify the diseases, duringwhich the described above occurs:

A. Infectious mononucleosis, AIDSB. Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosisC. Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type AD. Dysentery, choleraE. Q fever, typhus

54. A 30-year-old woman complains ofintense thirst and dryness of the mouth thatdeveloped after a severe emotional shock.Laboratory analysis revealed increase ofthe patient’s blood sugar level up to 10mmol/L. What endocrine gland is affectedin the patient?

A. PancreasB. Thyroid glandC. GonadsD. Adrenal glandsE. Pineal gland

55. A 45-year-old man came to the hospitalcomplaining of sensory loss in the posterior1/3 of his tongue. Which pair of the cranialnerves is functionally disturbed?

A. IXB. XC. VIIID. VE. XII

56. A patient presents with disturbedpatency of the airways at the level of smalland medium bronchial tubes. What acid-base imbalance can the patient develop?

A. Respiratory acidosisB. Respiratory alkalosisC. Metabolic acidosisD. Metabolic alkalosisE. Acid-base balance remains unchanged

57. Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroidglands have been removed, which resultedin inertness, thirst, sharp increase ofneuromuscular excitability. Metabolism ofthe following substance is disturbed:

A. CalciumB. ManganeseC. ChlorineD. MolybdenumE. Zinc

58. A patient presents with high content ofvasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) in theblood. What changes in the patient’s di-uresis will occur?

A. OliguriaB. PolyuriaC. AnuriaD. GlycosuriaE. Natriuria

59. To terminate hypertensive crisis thepatient was administered solution ofmagnesium sulfate. What route of drugadministration should be chosen?

A. IntravenousB. DuodenalC. RectalD. OralE. Intra-arterial

60. A patient presents with osteoporosis;hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia areobserved in the patient’s blood. What is thecause of this condition?

A. Increased parathormone secretionB. Increased thyroxin secretionC. Inhibited parathormone secretionD. Increased corticosteroid secretionE. Inhibited corticosteroid secretion

61. During their expedition to the MiddleEast, the students found a 7-centimeter-long arthropod. Its body consists ofcephalothorax with 4 pairs of ambulatorylegs and segmented abdomen with twovenom glands in its last segment. The glandopenings are located on the tip of the hook-shaped sting. The animal was identified as anocturnal predator, its venom is dangerousfor humans. It belongs to the followingorder:


A. ScorpionesB. AraneiC. AcarinaD. SolpugaeE. Aphaniptera

62. The patient, who for a long timehas been keeping to an unbalanced low-protein diet, developed fatty liver infiltrati-on. Name the substance, absence of whichin the diet can lead to this condition:

A. MethionineB. AlanineC. CholesterolD. Arachidonic acidE. Biotin

63. After introdiction of adrenaline thepatient’s blood glucose level increased. Itis caused by intensified:

A. Glycogenolysis in the liverB. Glycolysis in the liverC. Glycolysis in the skeletal musclesD. Glycogen synthesisE. Glycogenolysis in the muscles

64. A student, who unexpectedly methis girlfriend, developed an increase insystemic arterial pressure. This pressurechange was caused by the intensified reali-zation of the following reflexes:

A. Conditional sympatheticB. Conditional parasympatheticC. Conditional sympathetic andparasympatheticD. Unconditional parasympatheticE. Unconditional sympathetic

65. It is necessary to decrease pumping abi-lity of the patient’s heart. What membranecytoreceptors must be blocked to achievethis effect?

A. β-adrenergic receptorsB. α-adrenergic receptorsC. α- and β-adrenergic receptorsD. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptorsE. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

66. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvicacid is catalyzed by a multienzymecomplex with several functionally linkedcoenzymes. Name this complex:

A. Thymidine diphosphate (TDP), flavinadenine dinucleotide (FAD), coenzymeA (CoASH), nicotine amide adenine di-nucleotide (NAD), lipoic acidB. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD),tetrahydrofolic acid, pyridoxal-5-phosphate,thymidine diphosphate (TDP), cholineC. Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide(NAD), pyridoxal-5-phosphate, thymidinediphosphate (TDP), methylcobalamin,biotinD. Coenzyme A (CoASH), flavin adeni-ne dinucleotide (FAD), pyridoxal-5-phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, carnitineE. Lipoic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid,pyridoxal-5-phosphate, methylcobalamin

67. To take a sample of cerebrospinal fluidfor analysis, a doctor makes a puncture intosubarachnoid space. To prevent damage tothe spinal cord, the needle must be insertedbetween the two following vertebrae:

A. III and IV lumbarB. XI and XII thoracicC. XII thoracic and I lumbarD. I and II lumbarE. IV and V thoracic

68. Resuscitation unit received a patientwith acute poisoning caused by unidenti-fied medicine. To quickly excrete the poi-son from the patient’s body, forced diuresiswas induced. What substance was used toperform this procedure?

A. FurosemideB. HydrochlorothiazideC. OmeprazoleD. SpironolactoneE. Dithylinum (Suxamethonium chloride)

69. It is known that in metabolism ofcatecholamine mediators the special rolebelongs to monoamine oxidase (MAO).How does this enzyme activate these medi-ators (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopami-ne)?

A. Oxidative deaminizationB. Amino group attachmentC. Methyl group removalD. CarboxylationE. Hydrolysis

70. A patient with acute pancreatitispresents with significantly increased urinediastase content. What proteolysis inhibi-tor must be included into complex therapyof this patient?


A. Contrykal (Aprotinin)B. FestalC. PancreatineD. DigestalE. Mezym forte

71. A bacteriological laboratory receiveda sample of dried fish from an outbreakof food poisoning. Inoculation of thesample on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealedmicroorganisms resembling tennis racket.These microorganisms are causative agentsof the following disease:

A. BotulismB. SalmonellosisC. DysenteryD. DiphtheriaE. Typhoid fever

72. A man with signs of intestinal obstructi-on was delivered to a hospital. In theprocess of treatment, roundworms 25-40cm in size were extracted from the patent’sintestine. Determine the species of thishelminth:

A. Ascaris lumbricoidesB. Ancylostoma duodenaleC. Trichocephalus trichiurusD. Strongyloides stercoralisE. Enterobius vermicularis

73. A patient suffering from acute bronchi-tis with difficult expectoration was prescri-bed acetylcysteine. What drug action willprovide curative effect?

A. Mucoproteins depolymerizationB. Activation of bronchial ciliated epitheli-umC. Reflex stimulation of bronchiolar peri-stalsisD. Alkalinization of sputumE. Stimulation of the bronchial glands

74. A patient with ischemic heart di-sease presents with increased blood plasmacontent of triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins. What drug should beprescribed?

A. FenofibrateB. FamotidineC. AmiodaroneD. LisinoprilE. Dobutamine

75. In what organ biotransformation(metabolic transformation) of most medi-cinal agents occurs upon their introductioninto an organism?

A. LiverB. KidneysC. IntestineD. SkinE. Lungs

76. Among organic substances of acell there is a polymer composed ofdozens, hundreds, and thousands ofmonomers. This molecule is capable ofself-reproduction and can be an informati-on carrier. X-ray structure analysisshows this molecule to consist of twocomplementary spiral threads. Name thiscompound:

A. DNAB. RNAC. CelluloseD. CarbohydrateE. Hormone

77. In Western Europe nearly half of allcongenital malformations occur in the chi-ldren conceived in the period, when pesti-cides were used extensively in the region.Those congenital conditions result fromthe following influence:

A. TeratogenicB. CarcinogenicC. MalignizationD. MutagenicE. Mechanical

78. A 30-year-old breastfeeding womankeeps to the diet that daily provides herwith 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg ofphosphorus, and 20 mg of iron. Howshould the daily dosages of minerals in thisdiet be adjusted?

A. Increase phosphorus intakeB. Increase calcium intakeC. Decrease fluorine intakeD. Increase iron intakeE. Decrease iron intake

79. A patient presents with damaged fi-bers of the ninth pair of cranial nerves(glossopharyngeal nerve). What gustatorysensation will be disturbed in this case?

A. BitternessB. SweetnessC. SaltinessD. SournessE. All gustatory sensations

80. A 49-year-old man presents with facialedema, significant proteinuria, hypoprotei-nemia, dysproteinemia, and hyperlipi-demia. What provisional diagnosis can bemade?


A. Nephrotic syndromeB. UrolithiasisC. ProstatitisD. PyelonephritisE. Cystitis

81. A dentist prescribed the patient withmaxillofacial arthritis diclofenac sodium.What is the mechanism of action of thisdrug?

A. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitionB. Catalase inhibitionC. Opiate receptors activationD. Opiate receptors blockE. Phosphodiesterase activation

82. A surgeon must amputate the damagedpart of the patient’s foot along the line ofLisfranc joint. What ligament must be cutin this case?

A. Medial interosseous tarsometatarsalligamentB. Calcaneonavicular ligamentC. Bifurcated ligamentD. Talonavicular ligamentE. Talocalcaneal ligament

83. A histological specimen shows termi-nal secretory parts of glands made ofconic cells with basophilic cytoplasm anda roundish nucleus in the centre. Specifythe type of terminal secretory parts by thetype of secretion:

A. SerousB. SebaceousC. CombinedD. MucousE. Seromucous

84. Microscopy of a plaque-like structureextracted from the lateral surface of thetongue of a man with dentures revealed si-gnificant thickening of the epithelial layeralong with processes of parakeratosis,hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis; in theconnective tissue there are small round cellinfiltrations. Make the diagnosis of the gi-ven pathological state:

A. LeukoplakiaB. IchthyosisC. Chronic stomatitisD. Chronic glossitisE. Atrophic (Hunter’s) glossitis

85. A patient is registered for regularcheck-ups. Laboratory analyses for vi-ral hepatitis diagnostics are made. In theblood serum only antibodies to HbsAg aredetected. Such result is indicative of:

A. Past case of viral hepatitis type BB. Acute viral hepatitis type BC. Acute viral hepatitis type CD. Viral hepatitis type AE. Chronic viral hepatitis type C

86. To treat tuberculosis, an antibiotic thatcolors urine red is prescribed. Name thisantibiotic:

A. RifampicinB. ErythromycinC. AmoxicillinD. NitroxolineE. Cefotaxime

87. Holocrine secretion is characteri-stic of sebaceous glands. What structuralcomponents ensure renewal of the cells ofthese glands?

A. Germinative layer cellsB. SebocytesC. Myoepithelial cellsD. Stratified squamous epithelium of theexcretory ductE. Nonstratified cuboidal epithelium of theexcretory duct

88. During experiment the processesof food and water hydrolysis productsabsorption were studied. It was determi-ned that these processes mainly occur inthe following gastrointestinal segment:

A. Small intestineB. StomachC. Large intestineD. RectumE. Oral cavity

89. Detoxification of bilirubin occurs inthe membranes of endoplasmic reticulumof hepatocytes. Bilirubin is secreted byhepatocytes into bile for the most part as:

A. Bilirubin diglucuronideB. Unconjugated bilirubinC. Bilirubin monoglucuronideD. Indirect reacting bilirubinE. -

90. A patient developed a tender rednodule in the lower jaw area. Histologi-cally there is accumulation of purulentexudate in several hair follicles. What cli-nicopathological type of inflammation isobserved?

A. CarbuncleB. PhlegmonC. FuruncleD. AbscessE. Hypostatic abscess


91. Autopsy of a man, who died suddenlywith signs of acutely disturbed cerebral ci-rculation, revealed aneurysm rupture ofthe medial cerebral artery and a roundcavity 4 cm in diameter filled with bloodin his frontal lobe. Name this type ofhemorrhage:

A. HematomaB. PetechiaeC. Hemorrhagic infiltrationD. ContusionE. -

92. During examination of a child’s oralcavity a dentist noted the appearance ofthe first permanent molars on the child’slower jaw. How old is the child?

A. 6-7B. 4-5C. 8-9D. 10-11E. 12-13

93. During examination of the oral cavityat the vestibular surface of the lower ri-ght incisor there was detected a roundedgrowth on the thin pedicle. Histologically:in the connective tissue there are numerousthin-walled sinusoids, hemorrhage areas,hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembli-ng osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:

A. Giant cell epulisB. Granular cell ameloblastomaC. Angiomatous epulisD. Gingival fibromatosisE. Cavernous hemangioma

94. During teeth examination on the lateralsurface of the first upper molar there wasdetected a cone-shaped carious cavity withbase oriented towards the tooth surfaceand apex - towards the tooth center.Softened dentin is visible at the floor ofthe carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:

A. Dentin cariesB. Enamel cariesC. Cement cariesD. Tooth erosionE. -

95. A patient on the 2nd day after cardiacinfarction presents with acute decrease ofsystolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hgwith tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss ofconsciousness. What mechanism is essenti-al in the pathogenesis of shock developedin this case?

A. Decreased cardiac outputB. Increased myocardial excitability causedby products of necrotic disintegrationC. Decreased circulating blood volumeD. Development of paroxysmal tachycardiaE. Development of anaphylactic reaction tomyocardial proteins

96. After the water supply system had beenput into operation in a new residentialarea, the medical officers of sanitary andepidemiological station measured total mi-crobial number in the water. Name themaximum permissible value of this indi-cator for potable water:

A. 100B. 10C. 400D. 500E. 1000

97. A woman had been taking synthetichormones during her pregnancy. Hernewborn girl presents with excessive hai-riness which has formal resemblance toadrenogenital syndrome. This sign of vari-ability is called:

A. PhenocopyB. MutationC. RecombinationD. HeterosisE. Replication

98. Breakdown of cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) and cyclicguanosine monophosphate (cGMP)into simple, non-cyclic nucleosidemonophosphates is catalyzed by thefollowing enzyme:

A. PhosphodiesteraseB. Glycogen phosphorylaseC. Glucose 6-phosphataseD. Protein kinaseE. Adenylate cyclase

99. In the course of experiment the vagusnerve of the test animal was severed,which resulted in the animal developi-ng constant tachycardia. What effect ofparasympathetic nervous system on cardi-ac performance is demonstrated by thisexperiment?

A. InhibitionB. StimulationC. Stimulus summationD. Paradoxical responseE. Mixed effect

100. A 42-year-old woman, who has beenkeeping to a vegetarian diet for a long peri-


od of time, consulted a doctor. Examinati-on revealed negative nitrogen balance inthe patient. What factor is the most likelycause of such a condition?

A. Insufficient amount of proteins in thedietB. Insufficient amount of dietary fiberC. Excessive amount of fats in the dietD. Insufficient amount of fats in the dietE. Decreased rate of metabolic processses

101. A patient came to the traumatologistwith complaints of developing difficulti-es during active extension of elbow. Whatmuscle is the most likely to be damaged?

A. M. triceps brachiiB. M. pectoralis minorC. M. deltoideusD. M. coracobrachialisE. M. latissimus dorsi

102. A patient complains of acute spasticabdominal pain, frequent urge to defecate,liquid bloody feces with mucus. Laboratoryanalysis of fecal smear revealed inconstantin shape organisms with erythrocytes.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. AmebiasisB. SchistosomiasisC. Intestinal trichomoniasisD. BalantidiasisE. Lambliasis

103. A patient presents with dysfunctionof the cerebral cortex accompanied byepileptic seizures. He has been admini-stered a biogenic amine synthetized fromglutamate and responsible for central inhi-bition. What substance is it?

A. γ-aminobutyric acidB. SerotoninC. DopamineD. AcetylcholineE. Histamine

104. In hot weather the bus passengersasked to open the roof hatches. What wayof heat transfer is activated in this situati-on?

A. ConvectionB. ConductionC. RadiationD. Conduction and radiationE. Sweat evaporation

105. At the end of winter a student, whohad been lately in the state of nervoustension, developed a case of URTI afteroverexposure to cold. What is the case ofthis disease?

A. Pathogenic agentB. Nervous stressC. Overexposure to coldD. Improper dietE. Hypovitaminosis

106. A 38-year-old woman developed anattack of bronchial asthma. What bronchi-al spasmolytic for emergency medical aidis a beta-2-adrenergic agonist?

A. SalbutamolB. AdrenalineC. Ipratropium bromideD. PlatyphyllinE. Atropine

107. During examination the doctorperforms auscultation to assess the functi-oning of the patient’s mitral valve. Wherecan the sound of this valve be auscultated?

A. At the apex of the heartB. At the edge of the sternum over the 5thcostal cartilage on the rightC. At the edge of the sternum in the 2ndintercostal space on the rightD. At the edge of the sternum in the 2ndintercostal space on the leftE. At the edge of the sternum over the 5thcostal cartilage on the left

108. A patient was diagnosed with Kli-nefelter’s syndrome. The patient with thisdisease will have the karyotype (47, ХXY).How many sex chromosomes are in thiscomplement?

A. ThreeB. ZeroC. OneD. TwoE. Forty four

109. Oral examination reveals markedreddening of mucosa at the root of thetongue. What structure is involved in theinflammatory process?

A. Lingual tonsilB. Palatine tonsilC. Tonsil of torus tubarisD. Veil of palateE. Pharyngeal tonsil

110. A trauma patient has wound in thetemporal region, with trickle of bright-redblood streaming from it. What blood vesselis damaged?


A. A. temporalis superficialisB. A. facialisC. A. occipitalisD. A. auricularis posteriorE. A. maxillaris

111. On histological examination of biopsymaterial taken from the liver of a woman,who for a long time had been sufferingfrom viral hepatitis type B, the pathologi-st detected diffuse hepatic fibrosis wi-th formation of porto-portal and porto-central fibrotic septa and disturbance ofthe liver lobular structure (developmentof pseudolobules). What process can becharacterized by the given morphologicalchanges?

A. Hepatic cirrhosisB. Chronic hepatitisC. Hepatocellular carcinomaD. Acute hepatitisE. Cholestasis

112. Examination of histological specimenof oral mucosa reveals non-keratinizedstratified squamous epithelium withlymphocyte infiltrations. What structureof oral cavity is the most likely to berepresented by this mucosa specimen?

A. TonsilB. LipC. CheekD. Hard palateE. Gums

113. A victim of a traffic accident haslost thoracic respiration but retaines di-aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likelyto be damaged at:

A. VI-VII cervical segmentsB. I-II cervical segmentsC. XI-XII cervical segmentsD. I-II lumbar segmentsE. I-II sacral segments

114. During examination a neurologist tapsthe tendon under the patient’s kneecapwith a reflex hammer to evaluate reflexextension of the knee. This response isprovoked by stimulation of the followingreceptors:

A. Muscle spindlesB. Golgi tendon organC. Articular receptorsD. Tactile receptorsE. Nociceptors

115. An experimet was conducted to studymajor indicators of hemodynamics. Whathemodynamics indicator would be the

same for both systemic and pulmonary ci-rculation?

A. Volumetric blood flow rateB. Mean arterial pressureC. Vascular resistanceD. Linear blood flow velocityE. Dyastolic blood pressure

116. A 50-year-old man declinedanaesthesia during dental manipulations.Due to severe pain he developed anuriacaused by acute increase in production of:

A. AdrenalineB. ReninC. ThymosinD. ThyroxinE. Glucagon

117. 30 minutes after dental treatment thepatient developed red itching spots on theface and oral mucosa. The patient wasdiagnosed with urticaria. What bioactivesubstance with vasodilating and prurigi-nous effect is produced during this type ofallergic reaction?

A. HistamineB. Prostaglandin E2C. Leukotriene B4D. Interleukin-1E. Bradykinin

118. A patient has been administeredconduction anesthesia with novocaine inpreparation for tooth extraction. Afterthe anesthesia administration the patientdeveloped swelling and hyperemy aroundthe injection site, skin itch, general fati-gue, motor agitation. Name the developedcomplication:

A. AllergyB. IdiosyncrasyC. TachyphylaxisD. Drug dependenceE. Inflammation

119. A 26-year-old woman presents withskin rashes and itching after eating citrusfruits. Prescribe her a drug that is an H1-histamine receptor antagonist:

A. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)B. Acetylsalicylic acidC. Menadione (Vicasolum)D. Analgin (Metamizole)E. Paracetamol

120. A patient with acne is prescribeddoxycycline hydrochloride. What shouldthe patient be warned against, regardingadministration of this drug?


A. Avoid prolonged exposure to the sunB. Take with large amount of liquid,preferably milkC. Take before eatingD. Course of treatment should not exceed 1dayE. Do not take with vitamin preparations

121. A patient with megaloblastic anemiawas taking a water-soluble vitamin. Namethis substance:

A. CyanocobalaminB. Thiamine chlorideC. Tocopherol acetateD. Ascorbic acidE. Pyridoxine

122. Biological material taken froma patient contains several speciesof microorganisms (staphylococci andstreptococci) that are causative agents ofthe patient’s disease. Name this type ofinfection:

A. Mixed infectionB. SuperinfectionC. ReinfectionD. Consecutive infectionE. Coinfection

123. After spinal trauma the patientpresents with absence of voluntarymovements and tendon reflexes; sensiti-vity is retained only in the lower extremi-ties. What is the mechanism of these di-sturbances and what part of the spine wasinjured?

A. Spinal shock, thoracic spineB. Spinal shock, cervical spineC. Peripheral paralysis, cervical spineD. Central paralysis, coccyxE. -

124. A man has developed downturningmouth and smoothed out nasolabial folddue to influenza complication. What nerveis damaged?

A. Facial nerveB. Maxillary nerveC. Mandibular nerveD. Trochlear nerveE. Oculomotor nerve

125. A patient with electrical injury to theneck area developed pathologic fixed si-deways flexion of the head towards theinjured area, while the face is fixed awayfrom the injury. What neck muscle sustai-ned scarring?

A. Sternocleidomastoid muscleB. Anterior scalene muscleC. Trapezius muscleD. Omohyoid muscleE. Digastric muscle

126. Chronic inflammation of gingivaresulted in excessive growth of connectivetissue fibers. What cell elements are leadi-ng in the development of this condition?

A. FibroblastsB. OsteoblastsC. FibrocytesD. MacrophagesE. Osteoclasts

127. A worker of a cattle farm consulted asurgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache,weakness. Objective examination of hisback revealed hyperemia and a dark redinfiltration up to 5 cm in diameter wi-th black bottom in its center, which wassurrounded with pustules. What diseaseare these presentations typical of?

A. AnthraxB. PlagueC. TularemiaD. FuruncleE. Abscess

128. A 20-year-old woman came to thedoctor with complaints of general wei-ght loss, loss of appetite, weakness, skindiscoloration resembling bronze tan. Inaddtition to hyperpigmentation, exami-nation in the hospital revealed bilateraladrenal tuberculosis. What substanceleads to skin hyperpigmentation, whenaccumulated excessively?

A. MelaninB. BilirubinC. HemozoinD. LipofuscinE. Adrenochrome

129. During cell analysis, their cytoplasmwas determined to have high content ofaminoacyl tRNA synthetase. This enzymeensures the following process:

A. Amino acid activationB. RepairC. ElongationD. TranscriptionE. Replication

130. What enzyme has demineralizationeffect, i. e. intensifies decomposition of mi-neral components of the tooth tissues?


A. Acid phosphataseB. Alkaline phosphataseC. Glucose 6-phosphataseD. Glycogen phosphorylaseE. Phosphotransferase

131. Histologic specimen of renal cortexshows renal corpuscle and renal tubules. Itis known that reabsorption of substancesoccurs in the renal tubules. What nephrontissue takes part in this process?

A. Epithelial tissueB. Connective tissue properC. Reticular tissueD. Mucous tissueE. Cartilaginous tissue

132. A 45-year-old man with a history ofleft-sided croupous pneumonia died ofmultiple traumas received as the result ofa car accident. On autopsy in the lowerlobe of his left lung its posterolateral wallis attached to the chest wall with fibrousadhesions. The lobe is diminished, dense,fleshy on section, grayish-pink in color;its pieces sink, when placed in water. Hi-stological analysis reveals diffuse excessivegrowth of fibrous connective tissue in theseareas. Name this complication of croupouspneumonia:

A. Carneous degenerationB. EmphysemaC. GangreneD. AtelectasisE. Abscess

133. A 16-year-old girl, who has beenstarving herself for a long time tolose weight, developed an edema. Thisphenomenon is mainly caused by:

A. Hypoproteinemia due to proteinsynthesis disturbanceB. Hypoglycemia due to glycogen synthesisdisturbanceC. Venous congestion and increased venouspressureD. Deceleration of glomerular filtrationrateE. Decreased production of vasopressin inthe hypothalamus

134. A patient with knife wound of theneck presents with hemorrhage. Initialwound management revealed damage tothe vessel that is located along the lateraledge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Name this vessel:

A. V. jugularis externaB. V. jugularis anteriorC. A. carotis externaD. A. carotis internaE. V. jugularis interna

135. Erythrocytes of the patient withhemolytic anemia present with significantdecrease of pyruvate kinase activity. Whatmethabolic process is disturbed in thiscase?

A. GlycolysisB. GlycogenolysisC. GluconeogenesisD. Pentose-phosphate pathway of glucoseoxidationE. Glycogen synthesis

136. To determine functional state of thepatient’s liver, the analysis of animal indi-can excreted with urine was conducted.This substance is produced in the processof detoxification of putrefaction productsof a certain amino acid, which takes placein the large intestine. Name this aminoacid:

A. TryptophanB. ValineC. GlycineD. SerineE. Cysteine

137. When determining comparative tissueradiosensitivity, it was revealed that di-fferent tissues have different level of sensi-tivity toward ionizing radiation. What ti-ssue of those listed below is the most radi-osensitive?

A. HematopoieticB. CartilaginousC. BoneD. MuscularE. Nerve

138. Oral examination revealed darkyellow and brown spots and stripes on thelabial and lingual surfaces of the patent’steeth; more than the half of the dentalsurface is affected; enamel and dentin aredestroyed. What diagnosis is the most li-kely?

A. FluorosisB. Metastatic calcificationC. Dental calculusD. Cuneiform defectE. Dystrophic calcification

139. A 28-year-old patient complai-ns of frequent gingival hemorrhages.Blood test revealed the clotting factor II


(prothrombin) deficiency. What phase ofblood coagulation is impaired in this pati-ent?

A. Thrombin generationB. Vascular-platelet haemostasisC. Clot retractionD. FibrinolysisE. -

140. Longitudinal tooth section shoes a ti-ssue that makes up the tooth basis andconsists of collagen fibers, mineralizedmatrix, and tubules that hold dentinal fi-bers. This tissue develops from:

A. Peripheral part of dental papillaB. External cells of enamel organC. Internal cells of enamel organD. Dental sacculeE. Intermediate cells of enamel organ

141. In the course of experiment it isnecessary to detect muscle excitation. Forthis purpose the following measurementshould be made:

A. ElectromyogramB. MechanomyogramC. Contraction strengthD. Contraction durationE. Ion concentration

142. Increased stumulation rate of isolatedheart of a rabbit leads to incompleterelaxation of the heart ventricles due to:

A. Calcium accumulation in cardiomyocytesB. Increased sodium content in cardi-omyocytesC. Inhibition of K − Na pumpD. Increased potassium content in cardi-omyocytesE. Increased potassium content in theinterstitial tissue

143. Several hours after the dental traumathe tooth pulp presents with hyperemicvessels, marked tissue edema with isolatedneutrophils, lymphocytes, and minordystrophic changes of nerve fibers. Makethe diagnosis:

A. Serous pulpitisB. Suppurative pulpitisC. Gangrenous pulpitisD. Granulating pulpitisE. Fibrous pulpitis

144. Fetal malformations can be caused bysuch maternal diseases as rubella, syphi-lis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegaly, herpes, andchlamydiosis. These malformations belongto the following type of variability:

A. ModificationB. MutationalC. CombinativeD. Genomic imprintingE. Epimutational

145. Beriberi is a classical example of thi-amine deficiency. Active form of this vi-tamin is synthesized by an enzyme belongi-ng to the following group:

A. TransferasesB. OxidoreductasesC. HydrolasesD. LyasesE. Isomerase

146. A 25-year-old man has lost all sensi-tivity due to damage of his peripheralnerves. Name this disorder:

A. AnesthesiaB. AtaxiaC. HypoesthesiaD. HyperesthesiaE. -

147. A 60-year-old woman with hepatoci-rrhosis developed hemorrhagic syndrome.What mechanism leads to the developmentof this condition?

A. Decreased synthesis of prothrombin andfibrinogenB. Increased portal venous pressureC. Deceased blood oncotic pressureD. Reduction of hepatic glycogen storesE. Emergence of neurotoxins in the blood

148. A woman is diagnosed with Turner’ssyndrome (karyotype 45, X0). How manyautosomal pairs would her somatic cellscontain?

A. 22B. 24C. 23D. 44E. 45

149. Blood serum of the patient hasmilky appearance. Biochemical analysisrevealed high content of triacylglycerolsand chylomicrons. This condition is causedby hereditary defect of the followingenzyme:

A. Lipoprotein lipaseB. PhospholipaseC. Pancreatic lipaseD. Adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipaseE. Phosphodiesterase

150. Dopamine precursor - di-oxyphenylalanine (DOPA) - is used in


treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This acti-ve substance is produced from the followi-ng amino acid:

A. TyrosineB. AlanineC. CysteineD. HistidineE. Tryptophan

151. An 84-year-old patient suffers fromparkinsonism. One of the pathogeneticdevelopment elements of this disease isdeficiency of a certain mediator in someof the brain structures. Name this medi-ator:

A. DopamineB. AdrenalineC. NoradrenalineD. HistamineE. Acetylcholine

152. A patient has suffered a head injury.On examination there is a subcutaneoushematoma in the temporal area. Whatvessel was damaged, thus resulting in thehematoma development?

A. А. temporalis superficialisB. А. maxillarisC. А. auricularis posteriorD. А. buccalisE. А. occipitalis

153. Due to severe pain syndrome a patienthas been prescribed a narcotic analgesic.Specify the prescribed drug:

A. MorphineB. Analgin (Metamizole)C. NimesulidD. DimexidE. Indometacin

154. A tumor is detected in one of theregions of the patient’s brain, resulting inthe patient’s inability to maintain normalbody temperature. What brain structure isdamaged?

A. HypothalamusB. ThalamusC. CerebellumD. StriatumE. Substantia nigra

155. An experiment was conducted tomeasure the threshold of tactile receptorsstimulation with various stimuli. What sti-mulus will have the lowest threshold?

A. Mechanical stimulusB. Chemical stimulusC. Photic stimulusD. Cold stimulusE. Heat stimulus

156. A 50-year-old man came to a hospi-tal with complaints of memory disorders,painful sensations along the nerve trunks,decreased mental ability, circulatory di-sorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis statesexcessive alcohol consumption. Whatvitamin deficiency can result in suchsymptoms?

A. ThiamineB. NiacinC. RetinolD. CalciferolE. Riboflavin

157. Auscultation reveals that in thepatient’s II intercostal space along theparasternal line on the right the II heartsound is better heard than the I heartsound. What valve produces this soundwhen closing?

A. Semilunar aortic valveB. Semilunar pulmonary valveC. Bicuspid valveD. Tricuspid valveE. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves

158. Miners’ work at the coal-face oftenleads to development of anthracosis. Whattype of respiratory failure arises along withthis disease?

A. RestrictiveB. ObstructiveC. DysregulatoryD. ThoracicE. Diaphragmatic

159. A lancelet embryo is at thedevelopmental stage during which itscells multiply, while its general volumeremains practically unchanged. Whatdevelopmental stage is it?

A. CleavageB. NeurulationC. OrganogenesisD. HistogenesisE. Gastrulation

160. Histologic specimen of endometriumdemonstrates isolated epithelial cells withchromosomes that form a ”plate” locatedin the equatorial plane of the cell. Whatstage of the cell cycle is it?


A. MetaphaseB. InterphaseC. ProphaseD. AnaphaseE. Telophase

161. During ultrasound a patient withatherosclerosis was diagnosed with bi-lateral stenosis of the renal arteries. Speci-fy the bioactive substance that is the keypathogenetic link in the development ofarterial hypertension in this case:

A. ReninB. AdrenalineC. VasopressinD. CortisolE. Thyroxin

162. A 72-year-old man with hepatoci-rrhosis developed hepatic coma. Itsdevelopment is caused by the substances,that are being neutralized in the liver,entering into general circulation throughportacaval shunts (portal hypertensionsyndrome) and necrosis of hepatic cells.What type of hepatic coma is characterizedby these presentations?

A. MixedB. ParenchymatousC. ShuntD. HepatocellularE. Ketoacidotic

163. After a traffic accident a man presentswith severe blood loss, consciousness di-sturbance, low blood pressure, as wellas compensatory activation of the renin-angiotensin system, which results in:

A. Hyperproduction of aldosteroneB. Increased blood coagulationC. Intensification of erythropoiesisD. Hyperproduction of vasopressinE. Intensification of heart contractions

164. Laboratory analysis revealed UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency in thepatient. What blood values can confirm thisenzymopathy?

A. HyperbilirubinemiaB. IndicanuriaC. PhenylketonuriaD. KetoacidosisE. Uremia

165. Examination revealed the patientto have decreased secretory function ofthe nasal cavity glands.What nerve provi-des parasympathetic innervation of theseglands?

A. N. petrosus majorB. N. petrosus profundusC. N. petrosus minorD. N. maxillarisE. N. chorda tympani

166. A 67-year-old man was delivered toa cardiology department with complaintsof periodical pains in his heart, dyspneacaused by even slight exertion, cyanosisand edemas. ECG shows additional exci-tations of heart ventricles. Name this typeof rhythm disturbance:

A. ExtrasystoleB. BradycardiaC. TachycardiaD. FlutterE. Fibrillation

167. A 40-year-old woman is being treatedat the therapeutics department. Hertemperature chart shows cyclic feversalternating with periods of temperaturenormalization that last for several days.What type of temperature profile is it?

A. Febris recurrensB. Febris intermittentC. Febris remittensD. Febris continuaE. -

168. A patient with heatstroke was deli-vered to the admission room. Whatcompensatory reactions develop in thepatient’s body in such case?

A. Peripherial vasodilatationB. Peripheral vasoconstrictionC. Increased heart rateD. Coronary vasospasmE. Persistent hyperglycemia

169. During a brain surgery stimulation ofthe cerebral cortex resulted in tactile andthermal sensations in the patient. Whatgyrus was stimulated?

A. Postcentral gyrusB. Cingulate convolutionC. Parahippocampal gyrusD. Superior temporal gyrusE. Precentral gyrus

170. Cells of sensory spinal ganglions are apart of reflex arches. What type of neuronsare these cells?

A. PseudounipolarB. MultipolarC. BipolarD. UnipolarE. -


171. A patient with damaged muscles of thelower limbs has been delivered to a first-aid center. What cells enable reparativeregeneration of muscle fibers and restorati-on of muscle function?

A. MyosatellitocytesB. AdipocytesC. FibroblastsD. EndotheliocytesE. Plasmocytes

172. 2 days after a hunter cut a groundsquirrel’s body, he developed fever upto 39oC, his lymph nodes enlarged.Later he developed pneumonia withserohemorrhagic exudate that containedegg-shaped microorganisms with bipolarstaining. What provisional diagnosis canbe made in this case?

A. PlagueB. TetanusC. PseudotuberculosisD. BrucellosisE. Anthrax

173. Various types of muscle contractionsoccurring in the alimentary canal of a testanimal were studied and their differentfunctional purposes were determined. Itwas noted that only one type of motor acti-vity occurred in the circular and longitudi-nal muscles. Name this motor activity:

A. PeristalsisB. MasticationC. Nonpropulsive segmental activityD. Pendular movements of intestineE. Tonic contraction of sphincters

174. A child presents with a wound behindthe mastoid bone. Bright red blood streamsfrom the wound. Damage was sustained tothe branches of the following artery:

A. A. occipitalisB. A. temporalis superiorC. A. maxillarisD. A. carotis externaE. A. carotis interna

175. A man presents with suppurativewound in the area of mastoid bone, whi-ch resulted in development of cerebralmeningitis in the patient. Specify the wayof infection penetration into the patient’scranial cavity:

A. V. emissariae mastoideaB. V. auricularisC. V.v. tympanicaeD. V. facialisE. V.v. labirinthi

176. Rotenone is known to inhibit respi-ratory chain. What complex of mi-tochondrial respiratory chain is inhibitedby this substance?

A. NADH-coenzyme Q reductaseB. Cytochrome oxidaseC. Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductaseD. Succinate-coenzyme Q reductaseE. Adenosine triphosphate synthetase

177. In 8 days after a surgery the patientdeveloped tetanus. The surgeon suspectsthis condition to be caused by suturematerial contaminated by tetanus agent.The material is delivered to a bacteriologi-cal laboratory. What nutrient medium isrequired for primary inoculation of thesuture material?

A. Kitt-Tarozzi mediumB. Endo agarC. Sabouraud agarD. Egg-yolk salt agarE. Hiss medium

178. A patient is diagnosed with deformedposterior portion of the nasal septum.What bone is deformed?

A. VomerB. Medial pterygoid plateC. Lateral pterygoid plateD. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid boneE. Vertical plate of palatine bone

179. A patient suffers from disturbed bloodsupply of superior lateral surface of thecerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel isdamaged?

A. Medial cerebral arteryB. Anterior cerebral arteryC. Posterior cerebral arteryD. Anterior communicating arteryE. Posterior communicating artery

180. X-ray detected pus accumulation inthe sphenoidal sinus. The pus is beingexcreted into the following nasal meatus:

A. Right and left superior nasal meatusB. Left middle nasal meatusC. Right inferior nasal meatusD. Left inferior nasal meatusE. Right middle nasal meatus

181. Dentists have high risk of contracti-ng viral hepatitis type B in the course oftheir duties and therefore are subject tomandatory vaccination. What vaccine isused in such cases?


A. Recombinant vaccineB. Chemical vaccineC. Inactivated vaccineD. AnatoxinE. Live vaccine

182. Differentiation of B-lymphocytesinto plasma cells leads to synthesis ofimmunoglobulins that ensure specificimmune response of the body. Differenti-ation of B-lymphocytes takes place in thefollowing organ of immune system:

A. TonsilsB. Red bone marrowC. LiverD. ThymusE. Thyroid gland

183. On tooth section in the area of theroot apex there is a tissue consisting of cellswith processes surrounded by mineralizedintercellular substance. Name this tissue:

A. Cellular cementB. Reticulofibrous bone tissueC. Mantle dentinD. EnamelE. Periodontium

184. During oral cavity examination adentist noticed eruption of the permanentcanines in a child. The child grows anddevelops normally. Determine the child’sage:

A. 11-13 yearsB. 13-16 yearsC. 6-7 yearsD. 8-9 yearsE. 9-10 years

185. A surgeon accidentally damaged anerve that innervates mylohyoid muscle.Name this nerve:

A. N. trigeminusB. N. facialisC. N. glossopharyngeusD. N. hypoglossusE. N. accessorius

186. At the crown apex of the secondmolar, on the surface that comes intocontacts with the cheek, the doctordetected a carious cavity. Name theaffected crown surface:

A. Facies vestibularisB. Facies lingualisC. Facies mesialisD. Facies distalisE. Facies occlusalis

187. Autopsy of a 46-year-old man, who

had untreated enteric infection and di-ed of sepsis, revealed the following: peri-rectal phlegmon, multiple ulcers of therectum and sigmoid colon, some of whichare perforated; mucosa of these intestinalsegments is thickened and covered withfirmly attached grayish films. What is themost likely disease in this case?

A. DysenteryB. Typhoid feverC. AmebiasisD. CholeraE. Tuberculosis

188. Autopsy of a 52-year-old man revealedchanges in his lungs: there is a segmentedarea of caseous necrosis in the upper rightlung; the segments merge with each other.The lung is enlarged, dense, yellowish-colored on section; there are fibrinousfilms on the pleura. Name the type oftuberculosis:

A. Caseous pneumoniaB. TuberculomaC. Infiltrative tuberculosisD. Cirrhotic tuberculosisE. Acute cavernous tuberculosis

189. A 3-year-old child presents with facialdeformation that was gradually developi-ng over the course of 6 months and mani-fests as symmetrical enlargement of bothmandibular angles. Microscopy shows thespace between the bone trabeculae to befilled with connective tissue that containsnumerous blood vessels and smaller primi-tive bone trabeculae. What disease is themost likely in this case?

A. CherubismB. Giant-cell tumor of the boneC. FibromaD. Eosinophilic granulomaE. Osteosarcoma

190. Autopsy of a 72-year-old man withrecurrent transmural myocardial infarcti-on revealed his epicardium and pericardi-um membranes to be swollen, thickened,coarce, as if covered in hair. Name the typeof inflammation that occurred in the cardi-ac membranes:

A. CroupousB. DiphtheriticC. SerousD. SuppurativeE. Catarrhal

191. During autopsy of the patient, whodied of cardiovascular insufficiency, thepatient’s right foot is darkly colored. The


vessels of the patient’s thigh are partiallyobstructed by grayish-red clots. On thevessel walls there are yellowish-gray spotsand fibrous plaques, some of which areof stony density. What clinicopathologicaltype of atherosclerosis was complicated inthe patient?

A. Atherosclerosis of lower extremitiesB. Cerebral atherosclerosisC. Atherosclerosis of aortaD. Vascular intestinal atherosclerosisE. Renal atherosclerosis

192. During examination of the patient’soral cavity a dentist noticed deformation ofthe teeth and a crescent indentation on theupper right inscisor. The teeth are undersi-zed, barrel-shaped - tooth cervix is widerthan its edge. The patient uses a hearingaid, suffers from visual impairment. Whattype of syphilis affects teeth in such a way?

A. Late congenitalB. PrimaryC. Early congenitalD. SecondaryE. Neurosyphilis

193. Autopsy of a 7-year-old child,who died of uncompensated congeni-tal heart disease, revealed increase inmass and volume of the thymus. On mi-croscopy thymus structure is normal. Whatpathologic process had occurred in thethymus?

A. Congenital thymomegalyB. ThymomaC. Thymic agenesisD. Accidental involutionE. Thymic dysplasia

194. A patient came to the doctor withcomplaints of general weakness and sleepdisturbances. Objectively the patient’sskin is yellow. In blood there is increasedconcentration of direct bilirubin and bi-le acids. Acholic stool is observed. Whatcondition can be characterized by thesechanges?

A. Mechanical jaundiceB. Hemolytic jaundiceC. Parenchymatous jaundiceD. Familial nonhemolytic (Gilbert’s)syndromeE. Chronic cholecystitis

195. A diver that submerged to the depthof 75 meters detected signs of CNSfunctional disturbance: excitation, lapseof concentration, euphoria leading toprofessional errors. What substance hastoxic effect on the neurons, thus leading

to the development of these signs?

A. NitrogenB. AmmoniaC. Carbon dioxideD. OxygenE. Lactate

196. A patient with dislocated jaw was gi-ven a short-acting muscle relaxant by adoctor. Name this drug:

A. Dithylinum (Suxamethonium chloride)B. ProcaineC. Cytitonum (Cytisine)D. Papaverine hydrochlorideE. Pyridostigmine hydrobromide

197. A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi-ngivitis and recommended the patient to ri-nse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent.Specify this agent:

A. Hydrogen peroxideB. Boric acidC. Salicylic acidD. PhenolE. Brilliant green

198. To treat osteomyelitis, a patientwas prescribed an antibiotic that easilypenetrates into bone tissue. Name thisdrug:

A. Lincomycin hydrochlorideB. Streptomycin sulfateC. CefazolinD. Polymyxin BE. Amphotericin B

199. A person in the state of nervoustension develops transverse wrinkles onthe forehead. What muscle contracts toproduce this result?

A. M. occipitofrontalisB. M. procerusC. M. corrugator superciliiD. M. temporoparietalisE. M. auricularis anterior

200. A girl presents with high fever andsore throat. Objectively the soft palateis swollen, the tonsils are covered withgray films that are firmly attached andleave deep bleeding lesions when removed.What is the most likely disease in this case?

A. Pharyngeal diphtheriaB. Pseudomembranous (Vincent’s) tonsilli-tisC. Lacunar tonsillitisD. Infectious mononucleosisE. Necrotic tonsillitis

INSTRUCTIONAL BOOK

Ministry of public health of Ukraine (MPH of Ukraine)

Department of human recources policy, education and science

Testing Board

TEST ITEMS FOR LICENSING EXAMINATION: KROK 1. STOMATOLOGY.

Kyiv. Testing Board.

(English language).

Approved to print 15.12./№152. Paper size 60х84 1/8

Offset paper. Typeface. Times New Roman Cyr. Offset print.

Conditional print pages 20. Accounting publishing pages 24.

Issue. 432 copies.

List of abbreviations

A/G Albumin/globulin ratio HR Heart rate

A-ANON Alcoholics anonymous IDDM Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

ACT Abdominal computed tomography IFA Immunofluorescence assay

ADP Adenosine diphosphate IHD Ischemic heart disease

ALT Alanin aminotranspherase IU International unit

AMP Adenosine monophosphate LDH Lactate dehydrogenase

AP Action potential MSEC Medical and sanitary expert committee

ARF Acute renal failure NAD Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide

AST Aspartat aminotranspherase NADPH Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide

phosphate restored

ATP Adenosine triphosphate NIDDM Non-Insulin dependent diabetes

mellitus

BP Blood pressure PAC Polyunsaturated aromatic

carbohydrates

bpm Beats per minute PAS Periodic acid & shiff reaction

C.I. Color Index pCO2 CO2 partial pressure

CBC Complete blood count pO2 CO2 partial pressure

CHF Chronic heart failure pm Per minute

CT Computer tomography Ps Pulse rate

DIC Disseminated intravascular coagualtion r Roentgen

DCC Doctoral controlling committee RBC Red blood count

DM-2 Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus RDHA Reverse direct hemagglutination assay

DTP Anti diphtheria-tetanus vaccine Rh Rhesus

ECG Electrocardiogram (R)CFT Reiter's complement fixation test

ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate RIHA Reverse indirect hemagglutination

assay

FC Function class RNA Ribonucleic acid

FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide RR Respiratory rate

FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide restored S1 Heart sound 1

FEGDS Fibro-esphago-gastro-duodenoscopy S2 Heart sound 2

FMNH2 Flavin mononucleotide restored TU Tuberculin unit

GIT Gastrointestinal tract U Unit

Gy Gray USI Ultrasound investigation

GMP Guanosine monophosphate V/f Vision field

Hb Hemoglobin WBC White blood count

HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin X-ray Roentgenogram

Hct Hematocrit

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus

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