Orthopedic Orthopedic stomatologystomatologyDetermination, stages of development, problem, Determination, stages of development, problem, structure. A role of domestic scientists is in structure. A role of domestic scientists is in development of discipline. Teeth, dental rows, development of discipline. Teeth, dental rows, bite. Features of clinical inspection of orthopedic bite. Features of clinical inspection of orthopedic patient.patient.

Ancient Ancient denturedenturefound found in timein time

archaeological excavationsarchaeological excavations near Sidon. near Sidon.

Ancient Ancient denturedenturemade frommade from

natural teeth with natural teeth with fixative ringsfixative rings

Foshar Foshar denturedenturess

TThe plan of location of equipment he plan of location of equipment is in an orthopaedic cabinetis in an orthopaedic cabinet

Dental chair & chair for Dental chair & chair for dentistdentist

Dental chair & fixed unit.Dental chair & fixed unit.

Modern dental chair & Modern dental chair & fixed unit.fixed unit.

SStomatological cabinettomatological cabinet

Main insruments for patient Main insruments for patient examination in prosthodonticsexamination in prosthodontics

1.1. stomatological stomatological mirrormirror

2.2. a angular a angular stomatological stomatological probeprobe

3.3. stomatological stomatological pincerspincers

dry-heat sterilizerdry-heat sterilizer

Prosthodontics equipmentProsthodontics equipment

Prosthodontics Prosthodontics instruments instruments for receiving for receiving of impressions of impressions

Equipment of Equipment of dentoprosthetic dentoprosthetic laboratorylaboratory

Work place of Work place of dental techniciandental technician

Equipment of Equipment of dentoprosthetic dentoprosthetic laboratorylaboratory

Additional instrumentsAdditional instruments

Fig 1-7 The joints are palpated as the patient opens and closes to detect signs of dysfunction.

Fig 1-8 The masseter muscle can be palpated extraorally by placing your fingers over the lateral surfaces of the ramus of the mandible.

Fig 1-9 Fingers are placed over the patient's temples to feel the temporalis muscle.

Fig 1-10 The index finger is used to touch the medial pterygoid muscle on the inner surface of the ramus.

Fig 1-11 The little finger is inserted facial to the maxillary teeth and around distal to the pterygomaxillary, or hamular, notch to palpate the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Fig 1-12 The trapezius muscle is felt at the base of the skull, high on the neck.

Fig 1-13 The sternocleidomastoid muscle is grasped between the thumb and forefingers on the side of the neck. The muscle can be accentuated by a slight turn of the patient's head.

Fig 1-14 The distance between maxillary and mandibular incisors is measured when the patient is instructed to open "all the way" (A). If the patient can only open part way (B), the cause should be determined.

Fig 1-15 If opening is limited, the patient should be instructed to use a finger to indicate the area that hurts.

Fig 1-16 Rubber gloves, a surgical mask, and eye protection are important for safeguarding dental office personnel.

Auricular palpation of the posterior aspects of the temporo mandibular joints.

Maximum opening of more than 50 mm (A) and lateral move ment of about 1 2 mm (B) are normal.

Muscle palpation. A, The masseter. B, The temporal muscle. C, The trapezius muscle. D, The sternocleidomastoid muscle. E, The floor of the mouth.

Palpation is best done bilaterally, simultaneously asking the patient to identify any differences between left and right.

Smile analysis is an important part of the examination, particularly when anterior crowns or fixed dental prostheses are being con sidered. A, Some individuals show considerable gingival tissue during an exaggerated smile. B, Others may not show the gingival margins of even the central incisors.

The "negative space" between the maxillary and mandibular teeth is assessed during the examination.

Orthognatic biteOrthognatic bite

Direct biteDirect bite

Physiological prognathyPhysiological prognathy

Physiological Physiological opisthognathyopisthognathy

PrognathyPrognathy

progenyprogeny

Deep biteDeep bite

Open biteOpen bite

Cross biteCross bite