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Kushog Lake Physical/Chemical Parameters Lake Fact Sheet General Characteris.cs Municipality: Algonquin Highlands Mean Depth: 9.1m Surface Area of Lake: 679 ha Maximum Depth: 38.1 m Watershed Area (Excluding Lake): 7701 ha Maximum Width: 1.6 km % Wetlands in Watershed: 10% Shoreline Perimeter: 8.3 to 40.6 km Total Volume: 63 200 000 m 3 North to South Length: 17.2 km ElevaFon: 332.8 mASL Indicators of Lake Health Created By: Emily McDonald & Caitlyn Bondy Trent University 2015. Community Based EducaFon Project carried out through ULinks. Key Terms Trophic Status : is a measure of lake producFvity and sensiFvity in terms of nutrient input. There are three trophic categories with respect to nutrient status: Oligotrophic: less than 10 µg/L of total phosphorus Mesotrophic: between 10 and 20 µg/L of total phosphorus Eutrophic: over 20 µg/L of total phosphorus Total Phosphorus: Total phosphorus concentraFons are ideally used to interpret lake nutrient status, since phosphorus is the element that controls the growth of algae in most Ontario lakes and is oUen a limiFng nutrient. High levels of phosphorus can lead to algal blooms. Secchi Depth: Is the measurement of water clarity. It is measured through the process of lowering a pole with a disc mounted on it and recording the water depth at which the disk is no longer visible. A decline in water clarity is usually indicaFve of a reducFon in water health. Algal Blooms : A “bloom” is an excessive growth of one or more species of algae. Algal blooms are less likely to occur in lakes that have low total Phosphorus (oligotrophic levels). Conversely, blooms are most likely to occur in lakes that have moderate to high total phosphorus (mesotrophic to eutrophic levels). They are important to monitor as they may affect water clarity, deplete oxygen levels and produce toxins harmful to the ecosystem. Calcium: Commonly enters the freshwater system through weathering of rocks, specifically limestone, and from soil through leaching and runoff. Dissolved Oxygen: It Is a measure of the concentraFon of oxygen dissolved in water. Major sources of DO in water are the atmosphere and photosynthesis by aquaFc life. Adequate concentraFons of dissolved oxygen are necessary for the survival of fish and other aquaFc organisms. pH: The measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is . Values range between 0 to 14. (1 – acidic, 7 – neutral, 14 – basic) Ontario Standard Guidelines Kushog Lake For an oligotrophic level: < 10 μg/L Total Phosphorus (20 year avg): 5.5 μg/L N/A Average Calcium (2008 – 2012): 2.4 mg/L Secchi disc visible at 1.2 m or more: 1.2 m Secchi Depth (20 year avg): 4.77 m pH standard: Recrea.on: 5.0 – 9.0 Aqua.c Life: 7.0 – 8.7 Drinking Water: 6.5 – 8.5 pH (20 year avg): 6.74 Dissolved Oxygen: 5.5 mg/L 6.5 mg/L Dissolved Oxygen (2003): 5.40 mg/L Trophic Status: Oligotrophic The analysis of the data collected regarding the key indicators for Kushog Lake suggests that this lake falls within the recommended standard values for acceptable health. Map Provided by: Scholars GeoPortal

Kushog Factsheet #1(Chemical)

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Page 1: Kushog Factsheet #1(Chemical)

Kushog  Lake    Physical/Chemical  Parameters  

Lake  Fact  Sheet  General  Characteris.cs    

Municipality:  Algonquin  Highlands  

Mean  Depth:                                                                                                                                                                                  9.1m   Surface  Area  of  Lake:                                                                                                                                                679  ha  

Maximum  Depth:                                                                                                                                                              38.1  m   Watershed  Area  (Excluding  Lake):                                                                                                7701  ha  

Maximum  Width:                                                                                                                                                              1.6  km                          %  Wetlands  in  Watershed:                                                                                                                                      10%  

Shoreline  Perimeter:                                                                                                                      8.3  to  40.6  km   Total  Volume:                                                                                                                                              63  200  000  m3  

North  to  South  Length:                                                                                                                                      17.2  km   ElevaFon:                                                                                                                                                                      332.8  mASL  

Indicators  of  Lake  Health  

Created  By:  Emily  McDonald  &  Caitlyn  Bondy  Trent  University  2015.  Community  Based  EducaFon  Project  carried  out  

through  U-­‐Links.  

Key  Terms  Trophic  Status:  is  a  measure  of  lake  producFvity  and  sensiFvity  in  terms  of  nutrient  input.  There  are  three  trophic  categories  with  respect  to  nutrient  status:    

Oligotrophic:  less  than  10  µg/L  of  total  phosphorus  Mesotrophic:  between  10  and  20  µg/L  of  total  phosphorus  

Eutrophic:  over  20  µg/L  of  total  phosphorus      Total  Phosphorus:  Total  phosphorus  concentraFons  are  ideally  used  to  interpret  lake  nutrient  status,  since  phosphorus  is  the  element  that  controls  the  growth  of  algae  in  most  Ontario  lakes  and  is  oUen  a  limiFng  nutrient.  High  levels  of  phosphorus  can  lead  to  algal  blooms.        Secchi  Depth:  Is  the  measurement  of  water  clarity.  It  is  measured  through  the  process  of  lowering  a  pole  with  a  disc  mounted  on  it  and  recording  the  water  depth  at  which  the  disk  is  no  longer  visible.  A  decline  in  water  clarity  is  usually  indicaFve  of  a  reducFon  in  water  health.    Algal  Blooms:  A  “bloom”  is  an  excessive  growth  of  one  or  more  species  of  algae.  Algal  blooms  are  less  likely  to  occur  in  lakes  that  have  low  total  Phosphorus  (oligotrophic  levels).  Conversely,  blooms  are  most  likely  to  occur  in  lakes  that  have  moderate  to  high  total  phosphorus  (mesotrophic  to  eutrophic  levels).  They  are  important  to  monitor  as  they  may  affect  water  clarity,  deplete  oxygen  levels  and  produce  toxins  harmful  to  the  ecosystem.    Calcium:  Commonly  enters  the  freshwater  system  through  weathering  of  rocks,  specifically  limestone,  and  from  soil  through  leaching  and  runoff.    Dissolved  Oxygen:  It  Is  a  measure  of  the  concentraFon  of  oxygen  dissolved  in  water.  Major  sources  of  DO  in  water  are  the  atmosphere  and  photosynthesis  by  aquaFc  life.  Adequate  concentraFons  of  dissolved  oxygen  are  necessary  for  the  survival  of  fish  and  other  aquaFc  organisms.    pH:  The  measurement  of  how  acidic  or  basic  a  substance  is  .  Values  range  between  0  to  14.  (1  –  acidic,  7  –  neutral,  14  –  basic)          

 Ontario  Standard  

Guidelines  

 Kushog  Lake  

For  an  oligotrophic  level:    

<  10  μg/L    

Total  Phosphorus  (20  year  avg):            

5.5  μg/L  

   

N/A  Average  Calcium  (2008  –  2012):    

2.4  mg/L    

Secchi  disc  visible  at  1.2  m  or  more:  1.2  m  

Secchi  Depth  (20  year  avg):    

4.77  m  

pH  standard:    

Recrea.on:  5.0  –  9.0  Aqua.c  Life:  7.0  –  8.7  

Drinking  Water:  6.5  –  8.5      

pH  (20  year  avg):    

6.74  

Dissolved  Oxygen:    

5.5  mg/L  -­‐  6.5  mg/L    

Dissolved  Oxygen  (2003):      

5.40  mg/L  

 Trophic  Status:  Oligotrophic    

 

The  analysis  of  the  data  collected  regarding  the  key  indicators  for  Kushog  Lake  suggests  that  this  lake  falls  within  the  recommended  standard  values    for  acceptable  health.  

Map  Provided  by:  Scholars  GeoPortal  

Page 2: Kushog Factsheet #1(Chemical)

0.0  

1.0  

2.0  

3.0  

4.0  

5.0  

6.0  

7.0  

8.0  

Calcium  (m

g/L)  

Data  provided  by:  The  Ministry  of  the  Environment  –  Dorset  Environmental  Science  Centre  (Lake  Partner  Program)                                                                                          Health  Canada  –  Ontario  RecreaFonal  and  Drinking  Water  Standard  Guidelines                                                                                          Canadian  Council  of  Ministers  of  the  Environment  –  Ontario  AquaFc  life  Water  Quality  Guidelines                                                                                          Scholars  GeoPortal  

SpaXal  and  Temporal  Analysis  of  ExisXng  Data    

0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  

1993   1995   1997   1999   2001   2003   2005   2007   2009   2011   2013  

Secchi  Depth  (m)   TP(µg/L)    

Oligotrophic  

Phosphorus  and  Secchi  Depth:      

This  line    indicates  the  upper  threshold  for  an  oligotrophic  status  

Calcium:  

0 5 10 150

5

10

15

20

Depth (m)

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

25-Jul-02 Basin 204-Sep-02 Basin 2

0 5 10 15 20 250

5

10

15

20

Depth (m)

Temperature (°C)

25-Jul-02 Basin 204-Sep-02 Basin 2

Dissolved  Oxygen  and  Temperature  Profiles:  

Interpretation:  Phosphorus  and  secchi  depth,  combined,  are  the  best  indicators  to  determine  trophic  status  of  a  lake.  The  concentration  of  nutrients  within  a  lake,  such  as  phosphorus,  directly  in:luences  water  clarity  and  consequentially  the  lake’s  trophic  status.  Kushog  falls  within  the  range  for  an  oligotrophic  lake  with  less  than  10  µg/L  of  total  phosphorus.  Secchi  depth  follows  closely  the  trend  in  the  phosphorus  data  points,  and  remains  stable  around  5  m.  Overall,  There  is  no  consistent  temporal  trend  over  a  20  year  period  for  either  of  the  measurements.    

Interpretation:  The  average  calcium  concentraFons  shown  are  based  on  a  four-­‐year  Fme  period,  between  2009  and  2012,  for  Kushog  Lake  and  9  other  lakes  within  the  Gull  River  Watershed.  Kushog  has  an  approximate  average  of  2.4  mg/L  of  calcium,  which  is  fairly  low  as  compared  to  several  other  lakes  such  as:  Gull,  Horseshoe  and  Moore.  Gull  Lake  has  approximately  7.1  mg/L  of  calcium,  the  highest  of  all  Lakes  displayed;  whereas  Big  Hawk  Lake  has  the  lowest  value  of  the  10  lakes,  at  approximately  1.7  mg/L.    It  is  evident  that  there  is  significant  variaFon  between  the  10  lakes.  This  variaFon  may  be  amributed  to  regional  differences  in  bedrock  geology.  

Interpretation:    The  verFcal  profiles  provided  are  based  on  samples  obtained  from  the  middle  basin  of  Kushog  Lake  during  July  and  September,  2002.  Dissolved  oxygen  (DO)  is  highly  correlated  with  temperature.  The  relaFonship  between  the  two  parameters  is  important,  as  the  solubility  of  oxygen  tends  to  decrease  as  water  temperature  increases.  DO  levels  in  Kushog  lake  average  around  5.40  mg/L  and  remain  relaFvely  stable  with  increased  depth.  Water  temperatures  range  between  20  °C  to  25°C  near  the  lake  surface  in  summer  but  decrease  with  depth  to  only  8°C.  DO  should  remain  stable  as  it  is  imperaFve  for  the  survival  of  fish  species.  Any  future  decline  in  DO  could  be  amributed  to  increases  in  temperature  of  the  water.