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Abstract
The present research s tudy goes through the overall
administrative set up of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
of Pakistan under which these areas have been administered since
long. The administrative mechanism of FATA is peculiar in its nature
and essence. The system of administration in these areas is totally
different from the administrative machinery operating in settled
areas. The basic administrative unit in settled areas is district while
in tribal areas it is the tribal agency in which one finds a unique
picture of administration. Unlike Deputy Commissioners in settled
districts the Political Agents in tribal areas derive multifarious
powers from the unique administrative framework provided under
Frontier Crimes Regulation 1901 (FCR). Being a federal and at times
provincially appointed official, the Political Agent, closely watches
the administration of the concerned tribal agency with maximum
power and executive authority in hand. The political agent exercises a
blend of executive, judicial and revenue powers and also maintains
law and order situation and suppresses crimes and criminal activities
in the tribal agency. Keeping all these responsibilities intact, he is
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supported by khassadars, levies (tribal militias) and paramilitary
forces that work under military command. The administrative
structure in each political agency further reveals that a Political
Agent is further assisted by an assistant political agent and officer
in-charge of specific sub-division. At local level political tehsildar,
naib tehsildar and political moharir perform their administrative
functions. All these officials perform their respective duties under the
overall administrative control of Governor's Secretariat FATA. The
tribes are internally free to regulate their own affairs keeping in mind
their tribal codes (unwritten), customs and traditions. They also take
care of the principle of 'collective responsibility' for the deeds and
actions of their individual family or tribe members and 'territorial
responsibility' of those areas which are given under their control.
This study, thus, presents a holistic view regarding the administrative
system of FATA with thorough historical backdrop and analysis.
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 8
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 01
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 21
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 41
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51 ___________________________________________ N*ZOeJZzgZkS:]
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 61
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C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 81
jZ!Y]1- IPRI Factfile, "FATA: A Profile of Socio-Economic Development",
(Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute, 2008), p. 15.
91 ___________________________________________ N*ZOeJZzgZkS:]
2- Ibid., p. 21.
3- Government of Pakistan, FATA Sustainable Development Plan: 2006
- 2015, (Peshawar: Planning and Development Department, Civil
Secretariate FATA, 2006), p. 3.
Zjjy~Zy)9(1V~&)3("Mg*yZzg.i 4DZ,X~yZzgyzz{zu}/z{W!*X
Shuja Nawaz, FATA - A More Dangerous Place: Meeting the
Challenge of Militancy and Terror in the Federally Administered
Tribal Areas of Pakistan, (Washington: Centre of Strategic and
International Studies, January, 2009), p. 2.
5- Sarfraz Khan, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in
Central Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, Area Study Centre, (Russian,
China and Centre Asia) University of Peshawar, pp. 8-9.
LLgzge0*Dbf[Y+$ (g Z ',~W!*c*CZg!*[ X6uJ-`bXZk0*89D7981Dz]c*XZk#Zk!*]ZgZuZuu~Dbg6,1**e7ZkatHHLLieezg0*zZyDV~HYXZk0*$+zZDZVxg~Wc*XZyVaYVZzgYYzEVZq-iZqHHXV6,DVZy}mgzgzZ`ZzggzZc*]_.ZLZ0+gz5]ZYi]X
Claude Rakisits, Pakistan's Tribal Areas: A Critical No Man Land
paper delivered at Webster University Forum, Geneva, 25, April
2008, p.1.
7- Noor ul Haq, et.al, Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan
in IPRI Paper 10, http://ipripak.org/papers/federally.shtml accessed
on 12 February, 2012, n.p.
7781Y~',~zZZge"54 JGHE',~ywf[~zZ X8D~7541 G
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VZk"zc*HXZbt/Zkz
C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 02
0*ZOZHqVek,{Z{yDZg{;^Zzg?zgZzg0*DZVk,Z]Zw6 NOxZzg!zik,*y6,XZOg6,txZHqZzgZVZq-r4zZyz*yg3,9Z$+{X
IPRI Factfile, FATA: A Profile of Socio-Economic Development,
pp.16-17.
10- Maqbool, FATA Under FCR: An Imperial Black Law in Central
Asia, No. 61, Winter 2007, p. 174.
ZzZyg]qw',ZggppcW!*~Cc*CD$4h GIZzg X 11Cm,7:gkg6,DZV~]HHZyVNw~741 GHZz-$DXZkcgdZzgaYVDV~Z]6,yZyy**zZV]HHX
Noor ul Haq, et.al, "Federally Administered Tribal Areas of
Pakistan", n.p.
12- Muhammad Tayyab Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the
Integration of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the
National Mainstream of Pakistan, Master Thesis, War Studies,
Baluchistan University, 2005, p. 13.
{ZgZq-!*{gk741 GHZZLZuZxX X 31ZyC~f)Zg-V~vVZzgzu~ug~qgV**@*X
14- Claude Rakisits, Pakistan's Tribal Areas: A Critical No Man's Land,
paper delivered at Webster University Forum, Geneva, 25 April,
2008, p. 2.
Also see http://www.geopoliticalassessments.com/Pakistan_s_Tribal
_Areas.pdf accessed on 19 March, 2013. Also see Naveed Ahmad
Shinwari, "Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance,
Religion & Society " in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal
Areas, Vol. IV (Islamabad: Community Appraisal & Motivation
Programme, 2010), p. 7.
15- Sarfraz, Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit , in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p.21.
16- Government of Pakistan, FATA Sustainable Development Plan
12 ___________________________________________ N*ZOeJZzgZkS:]
(2006-2015), p. 5.
17- Sarfraz, Special Status of Tribal Areas (FATA): An Artificial
Imperial Construct Bleeding Asia , in Eurasia Border Review, p. 69.
18- Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the Integration of Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the National Mainstream of
Pakistan, p. 13.
19- Maqbool, FATA Under FCR (Frontier Crimes Regulation): An
Imperial Black Law, in Central Asia, No. 61, Winter 2007, p. 174.
20- Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the Integration of Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the National Mainstream of
Pakistan, p. 13.
21- The News, Rawalpindi, 1 November, 2005.
22- Asmatul lah Khan Wazi r and Muhammad Zaheer Khan,
Mainstreaming FATA Through Legal and Political Reforms, in
TIGAH, Vol. IV, January 2014, FATA Research Centre, Islamabad,
p. 32.
23- Democracy Reporting International, Electoral Conditions in Federally
Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Germany, April 2013, p. 9.
24- The News, Rawalpindi, 1 November, 2005.
25- In November, 2007 civil secretariat FATA was established. The
Gazette of Pakistan Extraordinary, S.R.O. No. 116 (1)/2007 issued
on 16 November, 2007.
26- Civil Secretariat FATA, Rules for the Disposal of Business in the
Civil Secretariat (FATA) and its Line Departments, Notification No.
CSF/C-533/3063 Dated Peshawar, the18th of September, 2006.
27- Ijaz Khan, Challenges Facing Development in Pakistan's FATA , in
NBR Analysis: Challenges Facing Pakistan's Federally Administered
Tribal Areas (FATA), Vol. 19, Number 3, August 2008, p. 17. Also
see Shakeel Kakakhel, Integration of FATA into NWFP: An Analysis,
The Forum of Federations Project in Pakistan funded by the German
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, February 2010, p. 5.
28- Democracy Reporting International, Electoral Conditions in Federally
Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Germany, April 2013, p. 9.
29- Ijaz, Challenges Facing Development in Pakistan's FATA, p. 17.
30- DRI, Electoral Conditions in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of
Pakistan, p. 9.
31- International Crisis Group, Pakistan: Countering Militancy in FATA,
C@*gzpEGL0*yZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 22
Crisis Group, Asia Report, No. 178, 21 October, 2009, p. 12.
32- Akbar S. Ahmad, Social and Economic Changes in the Tribal Areas,
(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 30.
0691Y!*h%4WiZTbgc*k,ZzgZ] D 335,Z741 GHZ(Z],{Z(g~WDX!*h0691Y~5,Zezn,yZgh+c*HT(ZZk741 GHZ@*X
Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p. 11.
34- Syed Wiqar Ali Shah, "Political Reforms in Federally Administered
Tribal Areas (FATA): Will It End the Current Militancy" in
Heidelberg Paper in South Asian and Comparative Politics ,
Working Paper No. 64, January 2012, p. 13.
@*g]ZgZq{6Zq-(,ZgZ3Zjjy D 53',~yz*y~Z4@*XZkgZ5YZzg'Z5ZZ[
0XSarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p. 10.
36- Sarfraz, "Special Status of Tribal Ares (FATA) An Artificial Imperial
Construct Bleeding Asia" in Eurasia Border Review, Vol. 1, Spring
2010, p. 63.
37- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic
Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), Bureau of Statistics Planing and
Development Department, n.d, p. 42.
38- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 10-11.
39- Muhammad Zaheer Khan and Sharafat Ali Chaudhry, Conflict in
Kurram Agency: Nature and Causes, FATA Reserach Centre
Islamabad, http://iifrc.com.pk/articles/conflictin-kurram-agency,
accessed on Jun 12, 2013, n.p.
40- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 12.
41- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic
Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), p. 42.
42- Sarfraz, "Special Status of Tribal Ares (FATA) " An Artificial Imperial
32 __________________________________________ N*ZOeJZzgZkS:]
Construct Bleeding Asia" in Eurasia Border Review, Vol. 1, Spring
2010, p. 63. Also see Akbar S. Ahmad, Social and Economic Change
in Tribal Areas, (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 35.
43- Farhat Taj, "Life in Orakzai" in daily The News, 11 February, 2009.
44- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 12.
45- Government of NWFP, "Development Briefs of North Waziristan
Agency" in Agency/FRs Development Briefs of FATA (2002-03),
Bureau of Statistics Planning and Development Department, n.d, p.3.
46- Akbar, Social and Economic Change in the Tribal Areas, p. 37.
47- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 13.
48- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic
Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), p. 42.
49- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central
Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 13-14.
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14. (A)14. (B) Contents14. (C)