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C6H12O6 3 CO2+3 CH4
C6H12O6 2 CO2 + 2 CH3CH2OH
Denitrification
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O+
Methanogenesis
FREE ENERGY
5 C6H12O6 24 NO3 24 H 30 CO2 42 H2O 12 N2+ ++++
2 C6H12O6 6 SO4 9 H 12 CO2 12 H2O 3 H2S+ + +++ 3 HS+
2
-2,880
-2,720
-492
-428
-244
Sulfate Reduction
Ethanol Fermentation
kJ/mol GLUCOSE
Aerobic Oxidation
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Rittman, Bruce E., and Perry L. McCarty. Environmental Biotechnology: Principals and
Applications. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adpated from: Viessman, W., Jr., and M. J. Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005, p. 318.
Polluted water sample adjusted to a temperature of 20oC and aerated to increase the dissolved oxygen to near saturation
Seed microorganisms to oxidize the waste organics if microbes are not present in wastewater, for instance, as a result of effluent chlorination
Measured amount of (dechlorinated) wastewater depending on strength
Aerated dilution water at 20oC, if necessary
300-ml BOD bottle with trapped stopper and flared mouth for water seal
Dilution water at 20oC containing dissolved oxygen. Prepared by adding KH2PO4, K2HPO4, Na2HPO4, NH4Cl, MgSO4, CaCl2, and FeCl3 to distilled water 101
102
Preparation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) tests on (A) Wastewater sample, (B) Polluted surface water.
A
B
15141312109876543210
Nitrifying Bacteria Present in the Sample
Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand
Ultimate Carbonaceous BOD
Nitrification Oxygen
Demand
BO
D (
mg/l
)
11
Start of Nitrification Varies with the Number of
Standard 5-Day
Hypothetical biochemical oxygen demand reaction curve showing the cabornaceous & nitrification reactions.
BOD Value
TIME (DAYS)
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adpated from: Viessman, W., Jr., and M. J. Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005, p. 319.
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