Lab 4-- Identification:Petromyzontiformes to

Osteoglossiformes

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)

Chestnut lamprey (Icthyomyzon castaneus)

Cambrian 570

Ordivician 500

Silurian 425

Devonian 400

Carboniferous345

Permian 280

Triassic230

Jurassic180

Cretaceous 135

Cenezoic425

Hagfishes

Lampreys

SharksRays

Chimaeras

BichirSturgeons

GarsBowfin

TeleostsLatim

eria

Lungfish

Wisconsin Fishes

Miss

issip

pi

Riv

er

St.

Cro

ix R

iver

Wisconsin

River

Wis

con

sin

R

iverChip

pewa Riv

er

Bla

ck R

iver

Rock

Riv

er

Fox

Riv

er

Menom

inee R

iver

Wolf R

iver

Bad

Riv

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Lake Winnebago

• 41 species worldwide, 6 species found in Wisconsin

• Sometimes parasitic• The sea lamprey contributed to the

collapse of the Great Lakes lake trout fishery

Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae

Petromyzontiformes - PetromyzontidaeSea lamprey

Petromyzon marinus

Chestnut lamprey

Ichthyomyzon castaneus

American brook lamprey

Lampetra appendix

American brook lamprey

Chestnut lampreySea lamprey

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae

• 23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin• Most species are endangered

– Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)

• Feed on benthic invertebrates• Sought after gamefish

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) don’t have to know

Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)

Lake sturgeonAcipenser fulvescens

Shovelnose sturgeonScaphirhynchus

platorynchus

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Lake sturgeonShovelnose sturgeon

• 2 species worldwide• “A living plankton net”• Are listed as Threatened• Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers

Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae

Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Paddlefish

• Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin• Piscivorous

Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)

Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)

Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Longnose garShortnose gar

• Only 1 extant species (Amia calva)

• Cycloid scales• Voracious predators• Fairly widespread

Bowfin (Amia calva)

Amiiformes - Amiidae

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Bowfin

Clupeiformes - Clupeidae• 330 species worldwide, 3 found in Wisconsin • Most are marine

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

AlewifeGizzard shad

• Approximately 622 species, mostly marine• Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)

Anguilliformes - Anguillidae

American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

American eel

Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae

• Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in Wisconsin

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)

WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application

http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/

Mooneye

Geographic Distributions

• Mississippi River supports all the native primitive fishes

• Most primitive fishes are primarily found in large bodies of water…why?

Why in the $#%* do we have to do all this writing in our fishes course?

• Get lots of instruction on writing…not as much on scientific writing, what is the difference?

• Importance of being able to express your thoughts, regardless of what career you choose

• Research techniques are universal

• If you go on in science, it is the only currency that matters?.......what do I mean by that?

Peer Review…?

• Criticism is important…”constructive criticism” is best!

• Two types: Internal and External. Point of internal review is to make external review go well

• When you are reviewing someone else’s work think how you would want to be reviewed…..You want to do the best job you can…but you don’t want to be yelled at to do it!

• You are going to do this for each other

The paper process…

• Observation or idea– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to the biomass of trout species?

• Develop Hypothesis– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to the biomass of trout species?

• Hit the literature– What does everyone else have to say about this?

Where do you find information…

1. Web, Google and Google Scholar

2. Online Databases1. Biological Abstracts2. ISI Web of Science

Hypothesis Testing

An educated guess or prediction about an experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship etc.

Statistical Terms

The null hypothesis (H0)

fish growth 1 = fish growth 2

The alternative hypothesis (H1)

fish growth 1 fish growth 2

Structure of a scientific paper

1. Title2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Methods – study site, data analyses5. Results – graphs, tables analyses6. Discussion7. Literature Cited

Order you write a scientific paper

1. Results – start with a picture, tell your story2. Discussion – what’s cool about your story, also

relative to what other people found3. Methods – what did you do to get your results4. Introduction – background on what you found5. Abstract – just the highlights6. Title – make it work for your story7. Literature Cited

Style

• Use active voice– We calculated fish condition (active)– Fish condition was calculated (passive)

• OK to write in the first person tense– I hypothesized that water temperature

would affect fish activity.– We measured fish abundance in a 50 m

reach.

Citing References

Jaw opening velocity and depression of the lower jaw bothdecrease* when largemouth bass are* fed to satiation (Sass and Motta, 2002).

According to Roth and Kitchell (2002), selective predationby fishes is* not the sole mechanism leading to the extirpation of native orconectid crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes.

*Note: When referencing prior work, all verbs should be in thepresent tense because you are quoting established knowledge

More writing techniques