Lab 4-- Identification:Petromyzontiformes to
Osteoglossiformes
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
Chestnut lamprey (Icthyomyzon castaneus)
Cambrian 570
Ordivician 500
Silurian 425
Devonian 400
Carboniferous345
Permian 280
Triassic230
Jurassic180
Cretaceous 135
Cenezoic425
Hagfishes
Lampreys
SharksRays
Chimaeras
BichirSturgeons
GarsBowfin
TeleostsLatim
eria
Lungfish
Wisconsin Fishes
Miss
issip
pi
Riv
er
St.
Cro
ix R
iver
Wisconsin
River
Wis
con
sin
R
iverChip
pewa Riv
er
Bla
ck R
iver
Rock
Riv
er
Fox
Riv
er
Menom
inee R
iver
Wolf R
iver
Bad
Riv
er
Lake Winnebago
• 41 species worldwide, 6 species found in Wisconsin
• Sometimes parasitic• The sea lamprey contributed to the
collapse of the Great Lakes lake trout fishery
Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae
Petromyzontiformes - PetromyzontidaeSea lamprey
Petromyzon marinus
Chestnut lamprey
Ichthyomyzon castaneus
American brook lamprey
Lampetra appendix
American brook lamprey
Chestnut lampreySea lamprey
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
• 23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin• Most species are endangered
– Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
• Feed on benthic invertebrates• Sought after gamefish
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) don’t have to know
Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)
Lake sturgeonAcipenser fulvescens
Shovelnose sturgeonScaphirhynchus
platorynchus
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Lake sturgeonShovelnose sturgeon
• 2 species worldwide• “A living plankton net”• Are listed as Threatened• Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers
Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae
Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Paddlefish
• Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin• Piscivorous
Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)
Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Longnose garShortnose gar
• Only 1 extant species (Amia calva)
• Cycloid scales• Voracious predators• Fairly widespread
Bowfin (Amia calva)
Amiiformes - Amiidae
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Bowfin
Clupeiformes - Clupeidae• 330 species worldwide, 3 found in Wisconsin • Most are marine
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
AlewifeGizzard shad
• Approximately 622 species, mostly marine• Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)
Anguilliformes - Anguillidae
American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
American eel
Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae
• Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in Wisconsin
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Mooneye
Geographic Distributions
• Mississippi River supports all the native primitive fishes
• Most primitive fishes are primarily found in large bodies of water…why?
Why in the $#%* do we have to do all this writing in our fishes course?
• Get lots of instruction on writing…not as much on scientific writing, what is the difference?
• Importance of being able to express your thoughts, regardless of what career you choose
• Research techniques are universal
• If you go on in science, it is the only currency that matters?.......what do I mean by that?
Peer Review…?
• Criticism is important…”constructive criticism” is best!
• Two types: Internal and External. Point of internal review is to make external review go well
• When you are reviewing someone else’s work think how you would want to be reviewed…..You want to do the best job you can…but you don’t want to be yelled at to do it!
• You are going to do this for each other
The paper process…
• Observation or idea– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to the biomass of trout species?
• Develop Hypothesis– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to the biomass of trout species?
• Hit the literature– What does everyone else have to say about this?
Where do you find information…
1. Web, Google and Google Scholar
2. Online Databases1. Biological Abstracts2. ISI Web of Science
Hypothesis Testing
An educated guess or prediction about an experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship etc.
Statistical Terms
The null hypothesis (H0)
fish growth 1 = fish growth 2
The alternative hypothesis (H1)
fish growth 1 fish growth 2
Structure of a scientific paper
1. Title2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Methods – study site, data analyses5. Results – graphs, tables analyses6. Discussion7. Literature Cited
Order you write a scientific paper
1. Results – start with a picture, tell your story2. Discussion – what’s cool about your story, also
relative to what other people found3. Methods – what did you do to get your results4. Introduction – background on what you found5. Abstract – just the highlights6. Title – make it work for your story7. Literature Cited
Style
• Use active voice– We calculated fish condition (active)– Fish condition was calculated (passive)
• OK to write in the first person tense– I hypothesized that water temperature
would affect fish activity.– We measured fish abundance in a 50 m
reach.
Citing References
Jaw opening velocity and depression of the lower jaw bothdecrease* when largemouth bass are* fed to satiation (Sass and Motta, 2002).
According to Roth and Kitchell (2002), selective predationby fishes is* not the sole mechanism leading to the extirpation of native orconectid crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes.
*Note: When referencing prior work, all verbs should be in thepresent tense because you are quoting established knowledge
More writing techniques