Laboratory Guide for Teachers

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Respiration1

Inquiry Experiment1.1

Explain the structures in the system and discuss their functions using the

models or simulation in the computer software.

Simulation Activity1.2

1. Explain to the students how the model works.

2. If possible, use the computer to show a simulation of the breathing

mechanism.

Blood Circulation and Transport2


Remind students to use the same amount of blood for both test tubes X

and Y .


Explain the blood flow in the human blood circulatory system using computer

software or video simulation.


Guide the students on how to get the clear image of the human blood slides.


1. Demonstrate to students on how to remove the varnish coat from the

leaf. 2. Guide the students on how to prepare the slide.

Guided Experiment2.9

1. Make sure that the size and the type of plants used are the same

throughout the experiment.

2. Make sure that the conditions for the other factors which are not being

tested are the same for both sets of apparatus.


1. Show a transparency of the xylem and phloem in the root, stem and leaf.

2. Guide students in identifying and labelling the xylem and the phloem.


1.

Remind students to cut very thin slices of the root, stem and leaf. 2. Remind students to be careful when using the small knife and the red

food dye.


1. Demonstrate to students on how to remove the bark from the plant.

2. Remind students to use a knife carefully.

Reproduction4


1. Show a transparency or chart that showing a longitudinal-section an

cross-section of a typical flower.

2. Remind students to use a blade carefully.


1. Show a transparency or chart that showing the germination of

pollen grain.

2. Guide students to sequence the movement of the male gamete un

reaches the ovum.


Remind students to be careful with the blade.


Remind students to record the developments of the seedling every day

five days.

Guided Experiment4.20

1. Soak the seeds for one day before carrying out the experiment.

2. Make sure the type of seeds used are the same.

Land and Its Resources6


1. Use dilute acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution for this activ

2. Remind students to remove the delivery tube from lime wate

acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution before stopped heatin

the mineral. Otherwise the boiling tube will crack.

3. Remind students to heat the metal sulphide in a fume chamber.


1. Avoid using very reactive metals such as potassium or sodium.

2. Guide students to write equations in words for these reactions as

as other examples of chemical reactions.


1. Use fine calcium carbonate powder, instead of coarser particles, so

that reaction occurs quickly.

2. Remind students to remove the delivery tube from lime water beforstopped heating of the mineral. Otherwise the boiling tube will crac


This activity is better done as a demonstration activity because of the

flammable nature of petroleum.

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Electricity 7


Remind students to keep their hands and all apparatus dry during the

activity.


Remind students to keep their hands and all apparatus dry during the

activity.


Discharge the Van de Graaff generator after the activity.


1. Show students on how to connect an ammeter and a voltmeter

correctly.

2. Check the position of the pointer in the ammeter and the voltmeter.

Adjust it to zero if necessary.

Unguided Experiment7.7

Guide the students to plan the experiment and setting up the circuit.

Unguided Experiment7.8

1. Remind students that an ammeter must always be connected in series

and a voltmeter must be connected in parallel.

2. Always check the positions of the pointers in both the ammeter and

voltmeter. Adjust it to zero if necessary.


Guide the students to do the classification.


1. Do not use too much iron filings or else the pattern of the magnetic field

will not be clearly seen.

2. Guide students on how to use a compass to determine the direction of

the magnetic field.


1. Use a thicker wire and stronger current to induce a stronger and clearemagnetic field.

2. Do not use too much iron filings or else the pattern of the magnetic field will

not be clearly seen.

3. Remind students to be careful when handling the power supply.

Generation of Electricity 8


1. Remind students to be careful when handling the power supply.

2. Discuss the structures and functions of the step-up and step-down

transformers.


Guide students to connect the three wires in a 3-pin plug.


1. Guide the students on how to collect the power and voltage data on the

home appliances.

2. Explain on how to calculate the amount of current.

Documents

Laboratory Guide for Teachers