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Landfill Grading Using
GPS Machine Control
NC SWANA
April 2018
Presented by:
Bernie Garrett, PE
Garrett & Moore Inc.
&
Gabe Leach
Cooper Barnette & Page Inc.
1
Purpose
2
• Work flow processes used by Engineers,
Surveyors, and Contractors to construct
landfill base grades using GPS Machine
Control Technology
Background
3
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have
evolved in recent years to the point where
reliability and accuracy of GPS is utilized to
control construction equipment used for
grading
• CADD programs utilized by Engineers have
capabilities to efficiently develop 3-D
models of grading plans.
Software Programs
4
• Engineer:– Autodesk: Civil 3D
– Bentley: Microstation
– Trimble: Terramodel
• Surveyor:– Trimble: Trimble Business Center
– Hexagon Geosystems: LEICA Geosystems
– Topcon Positioning Systems: Geo-positioning Module
– Autodesk: Civil 3D/Trimble Link
• Contractor– Trimble: Trimble Business Center
– Hexagon Geosystems: LEICA Machine Control
– Topcon Positioning Systems: Machine Control Module
Work Flow – Engineering Design
5
• Permit Drawings:
– Prepared for the full build-out of a Landfill
– Approved by a Regulatory Agency
– Grading plans are lines on paper
• Construction Drawings:
– Depict a phase of landfill construction; not the entire landfill.
– Incorporate “phase” specific features, such as erosion control measures, interim anchor trench/berm, and interim access roads.
Work Flow with Contours as Engineer’s
Grading Plan Data
10
Exports Contours in .dwg format
Contours in .dwgformat
Engineer Contractor Surveyor
Contours in .dwgformat
Builds a 3-D Model in a Trimble format
Checks 3-D Model versus Engineer’s
Contours
Creates a Trimble file (.ttm)
Loads .ttm file into Operators Computer
QC/Approval of 3-D Model versus
Engineer’s Contours
Work Flow with 3-D Model as Engineer’s
Grading Plan Data
12
Creates a Trimble file (.ttm)
Checks .ttm file versus Engineer’s
Contours
Engineer Contractor Surveyor
Loads .ttm file into Operators Computer
Work Flow – Contractor
13
• Coordination with Surveyor:
– Surveyor establishes and accurately measures
a network of Control Points that surround the
limits of work.
– Collected data is post processed and sent to
contractor.
Site Calibration
A Base Station is installed on
the job site and calibrated
based on the data collected
from surveyor.
-Site Calibration is required to
define a relationship between
global and local coordinate
systems.
-Precision of the calibration is
crucial as it will directly relate to
the projects overall accuracy.
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Office Data Prep
• CAD Data Import
– CAD data from the design engineer is
imported and organized according to scope of
work.
– All CAD data is compared to the official
Construction Drawings.
– Once the CAD files are verified Digital Terrain
Models are built to represent the Construction
Drawings.
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3D Surface Model
-Once complete, the surface is reviewed in 3D space.
-After confirmation that the surface is error free and conforms to the
Official Construction Drawings the files are exported for use in the field.
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Field QA/QC Checks
-Dozer and Excavators are measured for blade or
bucket wear and verified accurate before and during
the project.
-Benchmarks are installed on-site and operators check
elevations on them daily before beginning work.
-Small test pad graded to a known elevation for
certifying surveyor to check. This will insure our
equipment is set up accurately and the grades we
provide will meet the certification plan.
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Machine Control
Once imported to the machines control box the operator can see
exactly where he is on the project and how much cut or fill is
required.
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Why Do We Use Machine Control?
• Gives us a technical edge over our competitors.
• Saves time and resources on the job.– Decreased stakeout work by up to 90%
– Eliminates reworked areas to meet certification grades.
• Increase productivity– Decreased material handling and material waste.
– Decreases operator fatigue.
– Increased accuracy. Grades can be met the first time accurately and efficiently.
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Technical Abilities Required for GPS
Manager
• High level computer skills for managing and organizing multiple file types over multiple job sites.
• Proficiency with AutoCAD software.
– Take-Offs for bids.
– Surface creation and export once job is awarded.
– Assist with material quantity updates for production studies throughout the job.
• Solid understanding of heavy construction equipment and practices.
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Technical Abilities Required for
GPS Manager
• Basic knowledge of Survey principals for
Site Calibration, Topos, and Stakeouts as
needed.
• Extensive knowledge of GPS components
installed on machines for maintenance,
repair, and operator training.
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