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LAPORAN
PRAKTIKUM PENGOLAHAN AIR PROSES DAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEKSTIL
PENGOLAHAN AIR PROSES
Disusun oleh
Nama : NUR INDAH WAHYUNI
NPM : !"#"""$
G%u& : !B
'u%usan : DIII Te(nolo)i P%o*u(si Te(s+il
Dosen : 'u,u '-. A-T-. M-Si
I(a Na+alia M-. S-S-T
An*%i S-
POLITEKNIK STT TEKSTIL
BANDUNG
/"#
BAB I
ANALISA KUALITATIF AIR PROSES
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I. PENDAHULUAN
1.1. MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN
MAKSUD
Men)analisa a*an0a 1a+21a+ (imia 0an) *a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi a+au men))an))u &%oses
&eme%i(saan 0an) +e%(an*un) *alam ai%-
TUJUAN
Mela(u(an analisa a+au &en)u,ian2&en)u,ian *alam ai% &%oses +e(s+il- Men)e+ahui 1a+21a+ 0an) +e%(an*un) *alam ai% &%oses +e(s+il-
Men)analisa (o+o%an2(o+o%an *a%i ion2ion 0an) +e%(an*un) *alam ai% &%oses +e(s+il
1.2. TEORI DASAR
a. Karakteritik !a" ke#$"aa" air %r&e
Ai% &%oses a+au 3iasa (i+a (enal se3a)ai process water memili(i 4un)si 0an)
3e%3e*a sa+u sama lainn0a. oleh (a%ena i+u (a%a(+e% se%+a s&esi4i(asi ai% 0an) *i&e%lu(an
,u)a 3e%3e*a sa+u *en)an 0an) lain. misaln0a s+an*a% ai% un+u( 3oile% +en+u 3e%3e*a *en)an
s+an*a% ai% un+u( &%o*u(si hydrogen-
A*a 3e3e%a&a &e%ala+an &%oses 0an) mem3u+uh(an ai% se5a%a +e%us2mene%us *an
*en)an si4a+ +e%+en+u. se&e%+i :
- Air %r&e 'Process Water( $"t$k )*!r&+*i, -&i+er !a" !eti+ai. Ke3u+uhan process
water un+u( 3oile%. h0*%olisis se%+a &%o*u(si H/. *imana *i&e%lu(an ai% 0an) +e%le3ih
*ahulu *i oleh melalui ion exchangeun+u( meminimalisi% +im3uln0a (a%a+ se%+a sum3a+an
&a*a &i&a a&i *an ,alu% *is+%i3usi ua& *an (on*ensa+n0a- P%o*u( ai% 0an) *ihasil(an
melalui ion exchange (emu*ian *ise3u+ se3a)ai soft water 3ah(an un+u( &%o*u(si
hydrogen*i&e%lu(an demineralized water6*emin 7a+e%8 a)a% H/ 0an) *i&%o*u(si 3e+ul2
3e+ul $$.$ 9 mu%ni-
2. Air $"t$ %e"!i"#i" 'Cooling Water( %a!a cooling tower, ei", heat exchanger,
condenser !++. Ke3u+uhan a(an ai% &en*in)in 6cooling water8 3isa *i (a+e)o%i(an
(e3u+uhan umum *alam se+ia& mesin &en))e%a(. &en)olahan ai% &en*in)in 3iasan0a
(u%an) *i&e%ha+i(an oleh o&e%a+o% &a3%i( (a%ena &e%se&si 0an) salah *imana se+ia& ai%
3e%suhu %en*ah 3isa *i)una(an- Te+a&i me%e(a lu&a 3ah7a ai% &en*in)in *isalu%(an
melalui &i&a2&i&a 0an) *iame+e%n0a +e%(a*an) 5u(u& (e5il. &an,an) *an melin)(a%2lin)(a%
sehin))a %a7an +e%ha*a& (a%a+ *an sum3a+an +en+un0a-
/. Air $"t$k ke-$t$)a" !&etik !a" $$.Ai% 0an) a(an *i)una(an se3a)ai ai% un+u(
(e&e%luan *omes+i( se&e%+i memasa(. +oile+ *an 5u5i25u5i lain 3iasan0a *i)una(an ai% *a%i
sum3e% +e%*e(a+ se&e%+i Pe%usahaan ai% Minum 6PAM8 lo(al mau&un *a%i sum3e% sumu%
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*alam- Pen)olahan 3iasan0a *ila(u(an se5a%a +e%3a+as se&e%+i &en,e%nihan *an ae%asi
+e%u+ama un+u( men)u%an)i (a*a% 3esi 0an) 3iasan0a 3e%asosiasi *en)an ai% *a%i sum3e%
sumu% *alam 6deep well8-
Sum3e% ai% 3a(u in*us+%i 0an) meme%lu(an &em3ahasan le3ih lan,u+ a*alah
(e3u+uhan ai% *an si4a+ 0an) *i&e%lu(an un+u( (e&e%luan &%oses *an se3a)ai &en*in)in
&a*a 5oolin) +o7e% *i &a3%i(-I&" E0)a"#e $"t$k Pr&e !a" &&+i"#.
Ke3u+uhan un+u( ai% &%oses *an &en*in)inan san)a+ men*ominasi (e3u+uhan ai%
un+u( &a3%i( (a%ena le3ih *a%i "9 (e3u+uhan a(an ai% *i &a3%i( *i(onsumsi oleh (e*ua
&%oses +e%se3u+. semen+a%a un+u( (e3u+uhan *omes+i( %ela+i4 (e5il-
Pen))unaan (olom a+au +a3un) ion e;5han)e un+u( ai% 3a(u un+u( 3oile% 63oile%
4ee* 7a+e%8*an sis+im &en*in)inan 65oolin) s0s+em8 a(an menin)(a+(an e4isiensi (e*ua
sis+im &e%ala+an +e%se3u+ *en)an 5a%a mem3e3as(an &i&a2&i&a salu%an ai% *an ua& &a*a
sis+em +e%se3u+ *a%i (a%a+ *an en*a&an 0an) men))an))u 0an) *a&a+ menim3ul(an
(e3o5o%an mau&un +e%sum3a+n0a salu%an &a*a (e*ua sis+im +e%se3u+-
Pa3%i( (ela&a sa7i+ 6PKS8. (e%nel 5%ushin) &lan+ 6K
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2. Air Per$kaa" 'S$r4ae(
Me%u&a(an ai% hu,an 0an) +elah 3e%(um&ul *alam *anau?*anau a+au sun)ai2sun)ai-
Kan*un)an ai% &e%mu(aan ini san)a+ *i&en)a%uhi oleh (on*isi lin)(un)an- Ai% hu,an a+au
ma+a ai% 0an) +e%(um&ul *alam %a7a. sun)ai. *anau alam. *anau 3ua+an. ai% *a%i
&en)um&ulan a+au %ese%@oi%- Ai% &e%mu(aan 3an0a( men)an*un) 1a+ o%)ani( *an 3e3e%a&a
mine%al. +e%)an+un) asal ma+a ai%n0a. ,enis musim *an lin)(un)ann0a-
/. Air Ta"a) Per$kaa" 'S$- 5 S&i+(
Me%u&a(an ai% 0an) +elah me%esa& (e*alam la&isan su3 soil *an +e%(um&ul *alam sumu%
*an)(al 6#"m8- *alam sumu% *an)(al ini 3an0a( men)an*un) mine%al *an 1a+21a+
o%)ani(-
6. Air Ta"a) Da+a 'Dre4 5 7ei+(
Me%u&a(an ai% 0an) +e%*a&a+ &a*a la&isan 0an) le3ih *alam 0an) +e%&isah *a%i ai% su3?soil
oleh la&isan im&e%mea3le- Ai% ,enis ini men)ali% melin+asi 3umi sam3il men*a&a+(an
&enu5ian alami- Dise3u+ ,u)a sumu% *alam 6#"m8. *alam sumu% *alam ini 3an0a(
men)an*un) mine%al *an lo)am2lo)am-
c. AIR UNTU IN!USTRI TESTI"
Pa*a in*us+%i +e(s+il +e%u+ama &a*a &%oses &en5elu&an sam&ai *en)an &en0em&u%naan
+e(s+il *i&e%lu(an ai% 0an) 5u(u& 3an0a(- Un+u( memenuhi (e3u+uhan ai% &%oses &a*a 3a)ian
4inishin) umumn0a *i)una(an ai% *a%i sum3e% alam misaln0a men)an*un) 1a+ 0an) 3e%ane(a
,enis mau&un ,umlah ion2ion *an (o+o%an 0an) +e%(an*un) *i*alamn0a. +e%)an+un) *a%imana
sum3e% ai%n0a- Un+u( (e&e%luan &%oses &a*a 3a)ian 4inishin). ai% 0an) *i)una(an meme%lu(an
&e%s0a%a+an +e%+en+u. (a%ena a*an0a ion2ion *an (o+o%an +e%+en+u *a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi hasil
&%oses- Ko+o%an2(o+o%an *a%i ion2ion 0an) 3iasan0a 3e%&en)a%uh *ian+a%an0a a*alah :
Warna dan #e#er$han
Wa%na ai% 3iasan0a *i(a%ena(an a*an0a 1a+21a+ o%)ani( 0an) +e%la%u+ *an 3e%i(a+an *en)an
Besi *an Man)an. se*an)(an (e(e%uhan *ise3a3(an (a%ena a*an0a &a%+i(el 0an)
+e%sus&ensi. 3ai( 0an) 3e%asal *a%i 3ahan o%)ani( mau&un ano%)ani( misaln0a (o+o%an
+um3uhan. lum&u%. *an se3a)ain0a-
!era%at #easa&an ' ()
De%a,a+ (easaman C &H me%u&a(an (a*a% asam a+au 3asa *i*alam la%u+an *en)an meliha+
(onsen+%asi hi*%o)en 6H8 suasana asam *alam ai% a(an mem&en)a%uhi 3e3e%a&a &%oses
*an a(an me%usa( 3e3e%a&a ,enis 3ahan +e(s+il +e%u+ama 3ahan selulosa- Suasana al(ali
misaln0a NaOH a(an me%usa( &i&a lo)am. men0e3a3(an (e%a&uhan 0an) *i(enal *en)an
is+ilah (e%a&uhan (os+i(-
Al#alinitas
Al(alini+as *alam ai% alam se3a)ian 3esa% *ise3a3(an oleh a*an0a 3i(a%3ona+ *an sisan0a
oleh (a%3ona+ *an hi*%o(si*a- 'i(a (a*a% al(alini+as +e%lalu +in))i a(an men0a3a3(an (a%a+2
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(a%a+ &a*a &i&a sehin))a &a*a saa+ &%oses 3e%lan)sun). (a%a+2(a%a+ +e%se3u+ a(an +e%3a7a
ai% *an meno*ai 3ahan +e(s+il- 'i(a (a*a% al(alini+as +e%lalu %en*ah *an +i*a( seim3an)
*en)an (esa*ahan *a&a+ men0e3a3(an (e%a(
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Ka"!$"#a" !a+a Air J$+a) ': #;L( Ka"!$"#a" !a+a AirJ$+a) ':
#;L(
Kea!a)a" !-" A+ka+i"ita >#-"
7ar"a 'tak -e "-"Ma"#a" 'M"( "-"# S$+4at 'SO6(
2> ""-"
J$+a) 'Fe=M"( "-/ K+&ri!a '+>( ""-"
La Berat +ai""*a "-" Ka+i$ 'a2=( "-"
A+$$"i$ Oki!a
'A+2O/(
"-# Ma#"ei$ 'M#2=( #-"
Kea!a)a" 3$+a)
'e-a#ai aO(
!"-" 6!"DH8 Bikar-&"at 'HO/>( /""-"
4. REAKSIKa"!$"#a" ?at Reaki
A- Si+ikat >
B- K+&ri!a H
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D- S$+4at H
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'i(a 3e%7a%na 3i%u 3e%a%+i ai% men)an*un) ion e!-
I@. SULFAT
Men)am3il / ml ai% 5on+oh u,i *alam +a3un) %ea(si-
Menam3ah(an # +e+es H
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at !a+a air
%r&e!ia"a+ia
Si+ikat Ti*a( 3e%3auKunin) (a%ena a*an0a
&e%ea(si ammonium moli3*a+Ke%uh
K+&ri!a Ti*a( 3e%3au Te%*a&a+ en*a&an 3e%7a%na
&u+ihKe%uh
Fe2='4er&( Ti*a( 3e%3au Be%7a%na hi,au +os(a Ke%uh
Fe/='4eri( Ti*a( 3e%3au Be%7a%na 3i%u Ke%uh
SO62= Ti*a( 3e%3au En*a&an &u+ih Ke%uh
a2= Ti*a( 3e%3au En*a&an &u+ih Ke%uh
M#2= Ti*a( 3e%3au Te%*a&a+ en*a&an 3e%7a%na
3i%u
Ke%uh
A+/= 2 Ti*a( 3e%3au Ti*a( 3e%7a%na me%ah Ti*a( (e%uh
Ma"#a" 2 Ti*a( 3e%3au Benin) Ti*a( (e%uh
?at &r#a"ik Ti*a( 3e%3au Benin) Ti*a( (e%uh
Ke+e%an)an : men)an*un) 1a+ +e%+en+u 2 +i*a( men)an*un) 1a+ +e%+en+u
Pen)ama+an ai% u,i
- &H ai% u,i &H #
- Bau An0i% *an amis
- Wa%na Se*i(i+ (e5o(la+an
- Ke(e%uhan Te%*a&a+ en*a&an 3e%7a%na 5o(la+
III. DISKUSI
Be%*asa%(an &%a(+i(um u,i (uali+a+i4. ai% u,i men)an*un) 3e%3a)ai ma5am 1a+-
Bai( i+u sen0a7a (a+ion mau&un anion- Pen)u,ian (uali+a+i4 ini *i&e%lu(an
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un+u( men)e+ahui 1a+ a&a sa,a 0an) +e%(a*un) *i *alam ai% &%oses 0an) a(an
*i)una(an. sehin))a *a&a+ memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an ai% &%oses-
'i(a +i*a( *iu,i (e3e%a*aan 1a+ ? 1a+ ini a(an men))an)u &%oses 3asah +e(s+il-
Misaln0a
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1.1. MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN
Ma(su* *ila(u(ann0a &%a(+i(um ini a*alah un+u( men)e+ahui (a*a% 1a+ (lo%i*a *i
*alam ai% &%oses sehin))a +i*a( mem&en)a%uhi &%oses 3asah +e(s+il- A*a&un
+u,uann0a a*alah se3a)ai 3e%i(u+-
- Mam&u men)hi+un) (a*a% (lo%i*a *en)an me+o*a +i+%asi
- Men)e+ahui me(anisme analisa (uan+i+a+i4 (lo%i*a
1.2. TEORI DASAR
Analisa (lo%i*a se5a%a (uan+i+a+i4 *a&a+ *ila(u(an *en)an 3e3e%a&a 5a%a.
*ian+a%an0a analisa se5a%a +i+%ime+%i *en)an men))una(an me+o*e
a%)en+ome+%i- Me+o*e 0an) se%in) *i)una(an &a*a &ene+a&an (lo%i*a a*alah
me+o*e a%)en+ome+%i- Me+o*e a%)en+ome+%i 6+i+%asi &en)en*a&an8 0an)+e%)olon) &a*a &eme%i(saan (imia se5a%a +i+%ime+%iC@olume+%i5-
1) Pengertian
Ti+%ime+%i a+au analisa @olume+%i a*alah salah sa+u 5a%a &eme%i(saan ,umlah
1a+ (imia 0an) luas &en))unaann0a-
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Me+o*e 0an) *i)una(an *alam &e%5o3aan &enen+uan (a*a% (lo%i*a *alam
&e%5o3aan a*alah me+o*a +i+%asi . mema(ai &%insi& a%)en+ome+%i 0ai+u
men+i+e% la%u+an sam&el *en)an la%u+an &e%a( ni+%a+- Hasil 0an) *iha%a&(an
a*alah anali+ 0an) +e%(an*un) *alam sam&el 3e%u&a (lo%in men)en*a&
*en)an &enam3ahan A) mem3en+u( A)
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Sia&(an ala+ *an 3ahan
Tam3ah(an (alium (%oma+
Masu((an M)O
Ti+%asi *en)an A)NO!"." N
Hi+un) (a*a% (lo%i*a
II. PRAKTIKUM
2.1. ALAT DAN BAHAN
Ala+ Bahan
Bu%e+
E%lenme0e% /#" ml
Pi&e+ @olume " ml
Ai% sulin) 3e3as (lo%i*a
La%u+an &eni+%a+ A)NO!"." N
In*i(a+o% (alium (%oma+
M)O
2.2. DIAGRAM ALIR
2./. LANGKAH KERJAa8 Memi&e+ /# ml ai% 5on+oh (e *alam E%lenme0e%
38 Menam3ah(an (alium (%oma+ se3an0a( /2! +e+es
58 Memasu((an M)O se5u(u&n0a
*8 Meni+%asi *en)an A)NO!"." N sam&ai 3e%u3ah 7a%na men,a*i o%an)e
e8 Men)hi+un) (a*a% (lo%i*an0a
2.6. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN
Di(e+ahui :
N &eni+%a+ 6A)NO!8 "." N
Ml &eni+%a+ 6A)NO!8
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Per&-aa" M+ %e"itrat 'A#NO/(
1 .# ml
2 .! ml
Rata>rata .F ml
Ai% u,i /# ml
Ka*a%
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Oleh (a%ena i+u ai% 0an) a(an *i)una(an un+u( &%oses +e(s+il. (an*un)an (lo%i*an0a
ha%us "" m)Cl a)a% memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an ai% &%oses-
-Ai% u,i men)an*un)(lo%i*a se3an0a( $./ m)Cl
- Pe%s0a%a+an (onsen+%asi (lo%i*a un+u( ai% &%oses a*alah "" m)Cl
- Ai% u,i +i*a( la0a( *i,a*i(an ai% &%oses +e(s+il
BAB /
ANALISA KUANTITATIF SULFAT MENGGUNAKAN
METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI
I. PENDAHULUAN
I.1.Mak$! !a" t$3$a"
Ma(su* *ila(u(ann0a &%a(+i(um ini a*alah un+u( men)e+ahui (a*a% sul4a+ *i
*alam ai% &%oses sehin))a +i*a( men)ham3a+ &a*a saa+ &%oses 3asah +e(s+il-
A*a&un +u,uann0a a*alah se3a)ai 3e%i(u+-
- Memahami me(anisme analisa sul4a+ *en)an s&e(+%o4o+ome+e%
- Mam&u men)hi+un) (a*a% sul4a+ *alam ai% u,i
-
Mam&u men)e@aluasi hasil &%a(+i(um
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I.2.Te&ri !aar
Sul4a+ 3an0a( +e%*a&a+ &a*a ai% alam. 1a+21a+ o%)ani( *i*alam ai% alam *a&a+
men0e3a3(an sul4a+ +e%e*u(si men,a*i sul4i*e- Ion sul4a+ *a&a+ *ien*a&(an oleh
Ba%ium sul4a+ *alam suasana asam men,a*i Ba%ium sul4a+ 0an) mem&un0ai
3en+u( (%is+al sama 3esa%- A3so%3ansi *a%i sus&ensi Ba%ium sul4a+ *a&a+
*i+en+u(an *en)an ala+ s&e(+o4o+ome+%i &a*a &an,an) )elom3an) F/" nm- Wa%na
*an 1a+ +e%sus&ensi *alam ,umlah 3esa% *a&a+ men))an))u &ene+a&an sul4a+-
Ka*a% 1a+ o%)ani( 0an) 5u(u& +in))i *i*alam ai% men0e3a3(an Ba%ium sul4a+
+i*a( men)en*a& sem&u%na-
Asam sul4a+. H/SOF. me%u&a(an asam mine%al 6ano%)ani(8 0an) (ua+- Sul4a+
me%u&a(an se,enis anion &olia+om *en)an %umus SOF/2 0an) memili(i massa
mole(ul $=."= sa+uan massa a+om- Ion sul4a+ +e%*i%i *a%i a+om &usa+ sul4u% 0an)
*i(elilin)i oleh em&a+ a+om o(si)en *alam susunan +e+%ahe*%al- Ion sul4a+
3e%mua+an ne)a+i4 *ua *an me%u&a(an 3asa (on,u)a+ *a%i ion hi*%o)en sul4a+
63isul4a+8. HSOF2. 0an) me%u&a(an 3asa (on,u)a+ *a%i asam sul4a+. H/SOF
6A&%ian+i. /""8-
Penin)(a+an (a*a% sul4a+ *a&a+ *i+en+u(an *en)an +im3uln0a 3au. %asa +i*a( ena(
*a%i ai% se%+a masalah (o%osi &a*a &e%&i&aan- Hal ini *ia(i3a+(an oleh %e*u(si
sul4a+ men,a*i hi*%o)en sul4i*a *alam (on*isi anae%o3i( sesuai *en)an &e%samaan
3e%i(u+-
SOF/2 3ahan o%)ani( anae%o3i( S/2 H/O
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Pa*a u,i (uali+a+i4 un+u( anion SOF/2*a&a+ *ila(u(an *en)an 5a%a 6Poolin). $#8.
sam&el 3a%ium (lo%i*a asam (lo%i*a en5e% a(an menhasil(an en*a&an &u+ih
0an) su(a% la%u+ *alam asam en5e%- Sam&el 0an) a(an *ianalisis ini se3elumn0a
*i+am3ah(an *en)an asam (lo%i*a en5e% (emu*ian 3a%ulah *i+am3ah(an 3a%ium
(lo%i*a *an a(an men)hasil(an en*a&an &u+ih 0an) 3e%u&a BaSOF- Rea(si 0an)
+e%,a*i se3a)ai 3e%i(u+:
Na/SOF Ba
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Hi+un) (e3u+uhan la%u+an sul4a+
Pi&e+ la%u+an s+an*a% sul4a+ (e *alam la3uu(u% #" ml
Tam3ah(an &e%ea(si (on*isi
Tam3ah (%is+al 3a%ium (lo%i*a
Pen)en5e%an *en)an ai% sulin) sam&ai#" ml
E@aluasi *en)an s&e(+%o4o+ome+e%
Hi+un) (e3u+uhan la%u+an sul4a+
Pi&e+ " ml ai% u,i (e *alamla3u u(u% #" ml
Tam3ah(an &e%ea(si (on*isi
Tam3ah (%is+al 3a%ium (lo%i*a
Pen)en5e%an *en)an ai% sulin)sam&ai #" ml
E@aluasi *en)ans&e(+%o4o+ome+e%
-. Pe"#$3ia" $+4at air $3i
II./. La"#ka) ker3a
- Pe"#$3ia" +ar$ta" ta"!ar $+4at
a- Men)hi+un) (e3u+uhan la%u+an s+an*a% *en)an (onsen+%asi F" &&m
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-N /-N/#" ml - F" &&m ; - "" &&m
/-""" ml "" ;
/" ml
3- Memi&e+ /" ml *a%i la%u+an s+an*a% sul4a+ "" &&m (e *alam la3u u(u% #" ml
5- Menam3ah(an # ml &e%ea(si (on*isi*- Menam3ah(an F )%am K%is+al Ba
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a C
xy
xy
n
C5 (55,665 )(105)(2,275)
5 (3025 )(105 )
C278,325238,8751512511025
C39,45
4100
a C ,
- C
y
xx
xy
C(2,275 ) (3025 )(105)(55,665)
5 (3025 ) (105 )
C
6881,8755844,825
1512511025
C1037,05
4100
- C ,22
Sehin))a &e%samaann0a 0 ".""$= ; "./#/$
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P&m 6 8 Y ".""$= ; "./#/$ Hasil
# C , '( = ,22 ,/
" C , '1( = ,22 ,/6
/" C , '2( = ,22 ,666
!" C , '/( = ,22 ,6
F" C , '6( = ,22 ,/
" C , '( = ,22 ,22
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- Ka"!$"#a" $+4at -er!aarka" air $3i N&ia"tie NPM. 1/1
Nilai a3so%3ansi ".>$#
Y a;3
".>$# ".""$= 6;8 "./#/$
".""$= ; ".>$# ? "./#/$
".""$= ; ".#F/ #=.F> m)Cl
5 10 20 30 40 56.470
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.30.35
0.44
0.54
0.64
0.8
KUR@A KALIBRASI SULFAT DALAM AIR
Konsentrasi sulfat (ppm)
Absorbansi
III. DISKUSI
Be%*asa%(an &%a(+i(um u,i (uan+i+a+i4 sul4a+ *i&e%oleh *a+a 3ah7a ai% u,i men)an*un)
sul4a+ se3an0a( #=.F> m)Cl se*an)(an &e%s0a%a+an ai% un+u( &%oses +e(s+il (a*a%
sul4a+n0a "" m)Cl - A%+in0a (a*a% sul4a+ ai% u,i su*ah memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an (a%ena
(a*a%n0a +i*a( mele3ihi "" m)Cl-
A&a3ila (an*un)an sul4a+ *alam ai% mele3ihi "" m)Cl a(an men))an))u &%oses 3asah
+e(s+il- Ka%ena sul4a+ 3e%si4a+ asam 0an) a%+in0a (o%osi4- A&a3ila 3e%+emu *en)an
&e%ala+an 0an) +e%3ua+ *a%i ma+e%ial lo)am *a&a+ men0e3a3(an (a%a+- Selain i+u.
a&a3ila &a*a ai% +e%se3u+ +e%*a&a+ 1a+21a+ o%)ani( ma(a a(an men0e3a3(an sul4a+
+e%e*u(si men,a*i sul4i*a 0an) 3e%3au *an 3e%3aha0a-
I@. KESIMPULAN
- Ai% u,i men)an*un) sul4a+ se3esa% #=.F> m)Cl
- Pe%s0a%a+an (onsen+%asi sul4a+ un+u( ai% &%oses se3esa% "" m)Cl
- Ka*a% sul4a+ ai% u,i memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an un+u( ai% &%oses
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BAB 6
ANALISA ALKALINITAS AIR
I. PENDAHULUAN
I.1.Mak$! !a" t$3$a"
Ma(su* *a%i &%a(+i(um ini a*alah un+u( men)e+ahui (a*a% al(alini+as ai% 0an)
*a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi (uali+as ai% un+u( &%oses 3asah +e(s+il- Se*an)(an +u,uann0a
a*alah se3a)ai 3e%i(u+-
- Mam&u men)hi+un) (a*a% al(alini+as *alam ai%
-Men)e+ahui 4a(+o% ? 4a(+o% 0an) 3e%&en)a%uh (e%ha*a& al(alini+as
- Mam&u men)analisa hasil &%a(+i(um
I.2.Te&ri !aar
Al(alini+as a*alah sua+u &a%ame+e% (imia &e%ai%an 0an) menun,u(an ,umlah ion
(a%3ona+ *an 3i(a%3ona+ 0an) men)i(a+ lo)am )olon)an al(ali +anah &a*a &e%ai%an
+a7a%- Nilai ini men))am3a%(an (a&asi+as ai% un+u( mene+%al(an asam. a+au 3iasa
,u)a *ia%+i(an se3a)ai (a&asi+as &en0an))a 63u44e% 5a&a5i+08 +e%ha*a& &e%u3ahan
&H- Pe%ai%an-men)an*un) al(alini+as /" &&m menun,u((an 3ah7a &e%ai%an
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+e%se3u+ %ela+i4 s+a3il +e%ha*a& &e%u3ahan asamC3asa sehin))a (a&asi+as 3u44e% a+au
3asa le3ih s+a3il- Selain 3e%)an+un) &a*a &H. al(alini+as ,u)a *i&en)a%uhi oleh
(om&osisi mine%al. suhu. *an (e(ua+an ion- Nilai al(alini+as alami +i*a( &e%nah
mele3ihi #"" m)Cli+e%
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Selain 3e%)an+un) &a*a &H. al(alini+as ,u)a *i&en)a%uhi oleh (om&osisi mine%al.
suhu. *an (e(ua+an ion- Unsu%2unsu% al(alini+as ,u)a *a&a+ 3e%+in*a( se3a)ai 3u44e%
6&en0an))a8 &H-
Al(alini+as %ela+i4 sama ,umlahn0a *en)an (esa*ahan *alam sua+u &e%ai%an-
Al(alini+as ,u)a 3e%&en)a%uh +e%ha*a& &H *alam sua+u &e%ai%an- Dalam (on*isi
3asa ion 3i(a%3ona+ a(an mem3en+u( ion (a%3ona+ *an mele&as(an ion hi*%o)en
0an) 3e%si4a+ asam sehin))a (ea*aan &H men,a*i ne+%al-se3ali(n0a 3ila (ea*aan
+e%lalu asam. ion (a%3ona+ a(an men)alami hi*%olis men,a*i ion 3i(a%3ona+ *an
mele&as(an hi*%o)en o(si*a 0an) 3e%si4a+ 3asa. sehin))a (ea*aan (em3ali ne+%al-
Pe%ai%an *en)an nilai al(alini+as 0an) +e%lalu +in))i +i*a( +e%lalu *isu(ai oleh
o%)anisme a(ua+i( (a%ena 3iasan0a *ii(u+i *en)an nilai (esa*ahan 0an) +in))i a+au
(a*a% )a%am na+%ium 0an) +in))i-
Al(alini+as a*alah sua+u &a%ame+e% (imia &e%ai%an 0an) menun,u(an ,umlah ion
5a%3ona+ *an 3i5a%3ona+ 0an) men)i(a+ lo)am )olon)an al(ali +anah &a*a &e%ai%an
+a7a%- Nilai ini men))am3a%(an (a&asi+as ai% un+u( mene+%al(an asam. a+au 3iasa
,u)a *ia%+i(an se3a)ai (a&asi+as &en0an))a 63u44e% 5a&a5i+08 +e%ha*a& &e%u3ahan
&H- Pe%ai%an-men)an*un) al(alini+as /" &&m menun,u((an 3ah7a &e%ai%an
+e%se3u+ %ela+i4 s+a3il +e%ha*a& &e%u3ahan asamC3asa sehin))a (a&asi+as 3u44e% a+au
3asa le3ih s+a3il- Selain 3e%)an+un) &a*a &H. al(alini+as ,u)a *i&en)a%uhi oleh
(om&osisi mine%al. suhu. *an (e(ua+an ion- Nilai al(alini+as alami +i*a( &e%nah
mele3ihi #"" m)Cli+e%
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A+ka+i"itame%u&a(an &en0an))a6bffer8 &e%u3ahan&Hai%*an in*i(asi
(esu3u%an 0an) *iu(u% *en)an (an*un)an(a%3ona+- Al(alini+as a*alah (a&asi+as
ai% un+u( mene+%al(an +am3ahanasam+an&a &enu%unan nilai &H la%u+an 6Alae%+s *an
I%- S- Sume+%i- S8-
Al(alini+as mam&u mene+%alisi% (easaman *i *alam ai%. Se5a%a (husus al(alini+as
se%in) *ise3u+ se3a)ai 3esa%an 0an) menun,u((an (a&asi+aspembfferan*a%i ion
3i(a%3ona+. *an +aha& +e%+en+u ion (a%3ona+ *an hi*%o(si*a*alam ai%- Ke+i)a ion
+e%se3u+ *alam ai% a(an 3e%ea(si *en)an ion h0*%o)en sehin))a menu%un(an
(emasaman *an menai((an &H-
Al(alini+as o&+imal &a*a nilai $"2#" &&m- Al(alini+as %en*ah *ia+asi *en)an&en)a&u%an *osis # &&m- Dan ,enis (a&u% 0an) *i)una(an *isesuai(an (on*isi &H
ai% sehin))a &en)a%uh &en)a&u%an +i*a( mem3ua+ &H ai% +in))i. se%+a *isesuai(an
*en)an (e&e%luan *an 4un)sin0a-
Be%*asa%(an E44en*i 6/"""8 Nilai al(alini+as 3e%(ai+an ,enis &e%ai%an 0ai+u &e%ai%an
*en)an nilai al(alini+as (u%an) *a%i F" m)Cl
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Pi&e+ ai% u,i /# ml (e *alame%lenme0e%
Tam3ah(an in*i(a+o% PP
'i(a 3e%7a%na me%ah +i+%asi*en)an H/SOF
Pi&e+ /# ml ai% u,i
Tam3ah(an in*i(a+o% MO
Ti+%asi *en)an H/SO
F"."/ N
Ala+ Bahan
Pi&e+ @olume /# ml
E%lenme0e% /#" ml
Bu%e+ #" ml
In*i(a+o% PP
In*i(a+o% MO
H/SOF"."/ N
II.2. Dia#ra a+ir
- A+ka+i"ita PP
Ka%ena +i*a( 3e%7a%na saa+ *i+am3ah(an in*i(a+o% PP +i*a( &e%lu a*a &%oses +i+%asi.
lan)sun) (e &%oses analisa MO
- A+ka+i"ita MO
II./. La"#ka) ker3a
-
A+ka+i"ita PP
a- Memi&e+ /# ml ai% u,i (e *alam e%lenme0e%3- Menam3ah(an / +e+es in*i(a+o% PP (e *alam e%lenme0e%
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5- 'i(a 3e%7a%na me%ah +i+%asi *en)an H/SOF*- Ka%ena la%u+an +i*a( 3e%7a%na me%ah ma(a +i*a( &e%lu +i+%asi. lan)sun) (e
al(alini+as MO
- A+ka+i"ita MO
a- Memi&e+ /# ml ai% u,i (e *alam e%lenme0e%
3- Menam3ah(an / +e+es in*i(a+o% MO (e *alam e%lenme0e%
5- Meni+%asi ai% u,i *en)an H/SOFsam&ai 3e%7a%na o%an)e sin*u%
II.6. Data %raktik$ !a" %er)it$"#a"
Di(e+ahui :
Ml +i+%asi : ".# ml
Ml +i+%asi / : ".# ml
Al(alini+as PP : "
Al(alini+as MO :
'a7a3 :
Al(alini+as MO Ml +i+%asi ; N ; a(+o% &en)en5e%
".# ml ; "."/ ; -""" mlC/#ml
".F m)%e(Cl
Ta3el unsu% al(alini+as
Hai+ OH> O/2> HO/
P C " " M
2P M " /P M2/P
2P C " /P "
2P M /P ?M / 6M2P8 "
P C M M " "
Ma(a (an*un)an H
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Pe%s0a%a+an (a*a% al(alini+as un+u( ai% &%oses se3esa% ># m)Cl a%+in0a ai% u,i su*ah
memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an un+u( *i,a*i(an ai% &%oses (a%ena (a*a%n0a se3esa% /F.F m)Cl-
Ba(u mu+u ai% &%oses un+u( (an*un)an 3i(a%3ona+ sen*i%i /"" m)Cl. se*an)(an ai% u,i
han0a se3esa% /F.F m)Cl- Hal ini mem3u(+i(an ai% u,i memili(i +in)(a+ al(alini+as 0an)
masu( &e%s0a%a+an-
A&a3ila (a*a% al(alini+asn0a +in))i a(an men0e3a3(an (a%a+ &a*a &i&a &a*a saa+ &%oses
3e%lan)sun)- Ka%a+ +e%se3u+ a(an +e%3a7a ai% *an meno*ai 3ahan +e(s+il- A(an +e+a&i
,i(a +e%lalu %en*ah a(an men0e3a3(an (e%a( (a%3ona+ &a*a *in*in) &i&a *an (e+el ua&
sehin))a +e%,a*i &emanasan se+em&a+-
I@. KESIMPULAN
- Ka*a% al(alini+as ai% u,i se3esa% /F.F m)Cl
- Pe%s0a%a+an (onsen+%asi al(alini+as un+u( ai% &%oses se3esa% ># m)Cl- Ai% u,i memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an un+u( *i)una(an se3a)ai ai% &%oses +e(s+il-
- Ion &en0e3a3 al(alini+as &a*a ai% u,i han0a H
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- Mam&u men)hi+un) (a*a% e *en)an men))una(an s&e(+%o4o+ome+e%
- Men)e+ahui me(anisme analisa (an*un)an e
- Mam&u men)e@aluasi hasil &%a(+i(um
I.2.Te&ri !aar
Besi a*alah me+al 3e%7a%na &u+ih (e&e%a(an. lia+. *an *a&a+ *i3en+u(. 3iasan0a
*i alam*i*a&a+ se3a)ai hema+i+- Besi me%u&a(an elemen (imia7i 0an) *a&a+
*i&enuhi ham&i% *i semua +em&a+ *i mu(a 3umi. &a*a semua 3a)ian la&isan
)eolo)is *an semua 3a*an ai%- Pa*a ai% &e%mu(aan. ,a%an) *i+emui (a*a% e
le3ih 3esa% *a%i m)CL. +e+a&i *i*alam ai%. (a*a% +anah e *a&a+ ,auh le3ih
+in))i- Konsen+%asi e 0an) +in))i *a&a+ *i%asa(an *an *a&a+ meno*ai (ain *an
&e%(a(as *a&u%. selain i+u ,u)a menim3ul(an &en)en*a&an &a*a *in*in) &i&a.
&e%+um3uhan 3a(+e%i 3esi. (e(e%uhan (a%ena a*an0a (oloi*al 0an) +e%3en+u(-
Tu3uh manusia han0a men)an*un) 3esi se3an0a( F)- A*an0a unsu% 3esi *i
*alam +u3uh 3e%4un)si un+u( memenuhi (e3u+uhan a(an unsu% +e%se3u+ *alam
men)a+u% me+a3olisme +u3uh- Dalam +u3uh. se3a)ian 3esa% unsu% 3esi +e%*a&a+
*alam hemo)lo3in. &i)men me%ah 0an) +e%*a&a+ *alam sel *a%ah me%ah-
Ka%ena i+ulah masu(an 3esi se+ia& ha%i san)a+ *i&e%lu(an un+u( men))an+i 1a+
3esi 0an) hilan) melalui +in,a. ai% (en5in). *an (uli+- Namun masu(an 1a+ 3esi
0an) *ian,u%(an ,u)a ha%us *i&enuhi oleh *ua 4a(+o% 0ai+u (e3u+uhan 4isiolo)is
&e%seo%an)an *an &e%se*iaan 1a+ 3esi *i *alam ma(anan 0an) *isan+a&
6T%ian,a0a. unae*i- /""$
Besi se5a%a 4a%ma(olo)i *i)una(an se3a)ai 1a+ &enam3ah *a%ah 3a)i &en*e%i+a
anemia- Salah sa+u 3en+u( )a%am 3esi 0an) *i)una(an se3a)ai (om&onen 1a+
a(+i4 *alam se*iaan &enam3ah *a%ah a*alah 3esi6II8 sul4a+. 0ai+u 3en+u( 3esi
3e%@alensi *ua a+au 4e%%o- Hal ini 3e%(ai+an *en)an (on*isi +u3uh manusia 0an)
le3ih mu*ah men0e%a& 3esi *ua *a%i&a*a 3esi 3e%@alensi +i)a- Si4a+ (imia 3esi
0an) san)a+ *i(enal a*alah mu*ah +e%o(si*asi oleh o(si)en *a%i u*a%a *an
o(si*a+o% lainn0a. sehin))a 3esi umumn0a *i,um&ai se3a)ai 3esi 3e%@alensi
+i)a- Pa*a (on*isi +e%+en+u *imana (u%an) (on+a( *en)an u*a%a. 3esi 3e%a*a
se3a)ai 3esi 3e%@alensi *ua-
Me+o*e analisis 3esi 0an) se%in) *i)una(an a*alah *en)an s&e(+%o4o+ome+%isina% +am&a(. (a%ena (emam&uann0a *a&a+ men)u(u% (onsen+%asi 3esi 0an)
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Hi+un) (e3u+uhan la%u+an s+an*a% e
Pi&e+ /# ml la%u+an s+an*a% e
Tam3ah(an K
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II./. La"#ka) ker3a
h- Men)hi+un) (e3u+uhan e (onsen+%asi /# &&m *a%i la%u+an s+an*a% e ""
&&m
-N /-N/
"" ml - /# &&m ; - "" &&m
/#"" ml "" ;
/# ml
i- Mimi&e+ /# ml la%u+an s+an*a% e (e *alam la3u u(u%
,- Menam3ah(an K
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50 0,195 750 2,68
8 C a0 = -
a C
xy
xy
n
C4 (2,68 )(50)(0,195)
4 (750)(50 )
C10,729,7530002500
C0,97
500
a C ,16
- C
y
xx
xy
C(0,195 ) (750 )(50)(2,68)
4 (750)(50 )
C146,2513430002500
C 12,25500
- C ,26
Sehin))a &e%samaann0a 0 ".""$F ; "."/F#
P&m 6 8 Y ".""$F ; "."/F# Hasil
# ".""$F 6#8 "."/F# "."!F/
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" ".""$F 6"8 "."/F# "."F!$
# ".""$F 6#8 "."/F# "."#!=
/" ".""$F 6/"8 "."/F# "."=!!
" ".""$F 6"8 "."/F# "."/F#
0 5 10 15 200
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
KUR@A KALIBRASI Fe DALAM AIR
Konsentrasi e (ppm)
Absorbansi
III. DISKUSI
Be%*asa%(an &%a(+i(um la%u+an s+an*a% e *i&e%oleh *a+a 3ah7a (u%@a (ali3%asin0a
mem3en+u( )a%is lu%us- Sema(in +in))i (onsen+%asi e *alam la%u+an u,i ma(a nilai
a3so%3ansi sema(in 3esa%- Sema(in 3an0a( (an*un)an e *alam ai%. ma(a ai%
sema(in ,enuh-
Selain i+u. *alam la&o%an ai% &%oses ini &a*a 3a3 Analisa %antitatif *e +i*a(
men5an+um(an (an*un)an e ai% u,i NPM- !"#""#. (a%ena &a*a la%u+an s+an*a%
e (elom&o( # *ia3ai(an- Hal ini (emun)(inan *ise3a3(an 5u@e+ &a*a
s&e(+%o4o+ome+e% su*ah ,enuh sehin))a nilai a3so%3ansi +i*a( sesuai- Oleh (a%ena
i+u &e%samaan %e)%esi linie% *i&e%oleh *a%i F *a+a sa,a *en)an men)a3ai(an *a+a
(elom&o( #- Den)an *emi(ian ai% u,i NPM- !"#""# +i*a( *a&a+ *i5a%i 3esa%n0a
(onsen+%asi e *alam ai%-
Un+u( (an*un)an e 0an) memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an ai% &%oses se3esa% ". m)Cl -
'i(a le3ih *a%i i+u a(an men))an))u &%oses 3asah +e(s+il misaln0a &a*a saa+
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&en5elu&an- 'i(a (a*a% e 3an0a( 3isa men)u3ah a%ah 7a%nan0a- Disam&in) i+u.
e a(an men0e3a3(an (a%a+ &a*a &i&a ? &i&a ai%-
I@. KESIMPULAN
Be%*asa%(an *a+a &%a(+i(um 0a) *i&e%oleh. *a&a+ *isim&ul(an 3ah7a :
- Ku%@a (ali3%asi e 3e%3en+u( )a%is lu%us C linie%
- Sema(in +in))i (onsen+%asi e *alam ai%. ma(a nilai a3so%3ansi sema(in 3esa%
- Pe%s0a%a+an (a*a% e un+u( ai% &%oses a*alah ". m)Cl
- Te(nis &%a(+i(um *a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi hasil 0an) *i&e%oleh
- Da+a (elom&o( # un+u( &en)u,ian ai% NPM- !"#""# *ia3ai(an
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BAB
ANALISA KESADAHAN 'a !a" M#( !e"#a"
ARA KOMPLEKSOMETRI
I. PENDAHULUAN
I.1.Mak$! !a" t$3$a"
Ma(su* *ila(u(ann0a (e)ia+an &%a(+i(um ini a*alah un+u( men)e+ahui (a*a%
(esa*ahan *a%i ai% 0an) *a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi (uali+as ai% (a*a% (esa*ahan *a%i ai%
0an) *a&a+ mem&en)a%uhi &%oses 3asah +e(s+il- A*a&un +u,uan *a%i &%a(+i(um ini
a*alah se3a)ai 3e%i(u+-
- Mam&un) men)hi+un) (a*a% (esa*ahan
- Men)e+ahui 4a(+o% &en0e3a3 (esa*ahan
- Men)e+ahui me(anisme (e%,a *a%i analisa (esa*ahan 5a%a (om&le(some+%i
- Mam&u men)analisa (esa*ahan *alam ai% &%oses
- Mam&u men)e@aluasi hasil &%a(+i(um
I.2.Te&ri !aar
Ti+%asi (om&le(some+%i a*alah salah sa+u me+o*e (uan+i+a+i4 *en)an
meman4aa+(an %ea(si (om&le(s an+a%a li)an *en)an ion lo)am u+aman0a. 0an)
umum *i in*onesia EDTA 6 *iso*ium e+h0len*iamin+e+%aase+a+C +%i+iC
(om&le(son. *ll 8- Kes+a3ilan +e%mo*inami( 6*a%i8 sua+u s&esi me%u&a(an u(u%an
se,auh mana s&esi ini a(an +e%3en+u( *a%i s&esi2s&esi lain &a*a (on*isi2(on*isi
+e%+en+u. ,i(a sis+em i+u *i3ia%(an men5a&ai (eseim3ana)an-
a(+o%24a(+o% 0an) mem&en)a%uhi (es+a3ilan (om&le(s. 0ai+u :
a- Kea%$a" e"#k&%+ek +a>+a.
Kemam&uan men)(om&le(s %ela+i4 6*a%i8 lo)am2lo)am *i)am3a%(an *en)an 3ai(
menu%u+ (la%i4i(asi S5h7a%1en3a5h. 0an) *alam )a%is 3esa%n0a *i*asa%(an a+as
&em3a)ian lo)am men,a*i asam Le7is 6&ene%ima &asan)an ele(+%on8 (elas A *an
(elas B-
3- iri>iri k)a +i#a" it$.
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Di an+a%a 5i%i25i%i (has li)an 0an) umum *ia(ui se3a)ai mem&en)a%uhi (es+a3ilan
(om&le(s *alam mana li)an i+u +e%li3a+. a*alah :
- (e(ua+an 3asa *a%i li)an i+u-
/- si4a+2si4a+ &en0e&i+an 6,i(a a*a8. *an
!- e4e(2e4e( s+e%i( 6%uan)8-
Keine%+an a+au (ela3ilan (ine+i( *i&en)a%uhi oleh 3an0a( 4a(+o%. +e+a&i
&en)ama+an umum 3e%i(u+ ini me%u&a(an &e*oman 0an) 3ai( a(an &e%ila(u
(om&le(s2(om&le(s *a%i 3e%3a)ai unsu%. 0ai+u *ian+a%an0a :
- Unsu% )%u& u+ama. 3iasan0a mem3en+u( (om&le(s2(om&le(s la3il-
/- Den)an (e(e5ualian
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*alam ai%-EDTA *a&a+ men)om&le((an ham&i% semua ion lo)am *en)an
&e%3an*in)an mol : 3e%a&a&un 3ilan)an o(si*asi lo)am +e%se3u+-Kes+a3ilan
sen0a7a (om&le( *en)an EDTA. 3e%3e*a an+a%a sa+u lo)am *en)an lo)am 0an)
lain- Rea(si &em3en+u(an (om&le( lo)am 6M8 *en)an EDTA 6Y8 a*alah :
M Y MY
Kons+an+a &em3en+u(anC(es+a3ilan sen0a7a (om&le( *in0a+a(an se3a)ai 3e%i(u+
ini :
Besa%n0a ha%)a (ons+an+e &em3en+u(an (om&le( men0a+a(an +in)(a+ (es+a3ilan
sua+u sen0a7a (om&le(- Ma(in 3esa% ha%)a (ons+an+e &em3en+u(an sen0a7a
(om&le(. ma(a sen0a7a (om&le( +e%se3u+ ma(in s+a3il *an se3ali(n0a ma(in
(e5il ha%)a (ons+an+e (es+a3ilan sen0a7a (om&le(. ma(a sen0a7a (om&le(
+e%se3u+ ma(in +i*a( 6(u%an)8 s+a3il-
Ka%ena selama +i+%asi +e%,a*i %ea(si &ele&asan ion H ma(a la%u+an 0an) a(an
*i+i+%asi &e%lu *i+am3ah la%u+an 3u4e%- Un+u( menen+u(an +i+i( a(hi% +i+%asi ini
*i)una(an in*i(a+o%. *ian+a%an0a
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(onsen+%asi (om&onen +e%+en+u sam&ai 3a+as 0an) *i+en+u(an. *i*e+e(si- Pe%+ama.
(esalahan +i+%asi *ihi+un) *en)an 5a%a 0an) sama &a*a +i+%asi &en)en*a&an-
Ke*ua. *i)una(an sen0a7a 0an) mem3en+u( sen0a7a (om&le(s 0an) 3e%7a%na
+a,am *en)an lo)am 0an) *i+e+a&(an- Wa%na ini hilan) a+au 3e%u3ah se7a(+u
lo)am +elah *ii(a+ men,a*i (om&le(s 0an) le3ih s+a3il- Misaln0a EDTA-
a+ 0an) *i)una(an se3a)ai in*i(a+o% *a&a+ *i(lasi4i(asi(an men,a*i *ua
)olon)an- Pe%+ama. sen0a7a ? sen0a7a 0an) +i*a( 3e%7a%na- Ke*ua 1a+ 7a%na
o%)ani( 0an) mem&un0ai si4a+ se3a)ai in*i(a+o% asam23asa *an men)an*un)
)u)us &em3en+u( (hela+- Ko%3l menama(an in*i(a+o% +e%se3u+ In*i(a+o%
Mea(h%omi(- Dalam sua+u +i+%asi *en)an in*i(a+o% +e%se3u+. +i+i( a(hi% *i+an*ai
oleh &e%u3ahan *a%i 7a%na (om&le(s in*i(a+o% lo)am (e 7a%na in*i(a+o% 3e3as-Kesalahan a3solu+ sama *en)an ,umlah lo)am 0an) +i*a( +e%i(a+ men,a*i
(om&le(s &a*a +i+i( e(i@alen- 'umlah lo)am 0an) *iu3ah men,a*i (om&le(s.
san)a+ +e%)an+un) &a*a kepekaan indikator0an) *i&a(ai- Ke&e(aan ini +e%)an+un)
&a*a +e+a&an sa+a3ili+as a+au +e+a&an &em3en+u(an (om&le(s- K un+u( %ea(si
an+a%a lo)am *en)an in*i(a+o% M I MI. *i*e4inisi(an se3a)ai K Q MI C
Q M Q I - Dan +e%)an+un) &a*a (onsen+%asi in*i(a+o%. se3a3 in*i(a+o% 3e%+in*a(
se3a)ai &em3en+u( (om&le(s. 3e%sain) *en)an +i+%an- p+ ,u)a mem&en)a%uhi
(esalahan +i+%asi (om&le(some+%i-
II. PRAKTIKUM
II.1. A+at !a" -a)a"
Ala+ Bahan
Pi&e+ @olume /# ml
E%lenme0e% /#" ml
Bu%e+ #" ml
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Pi&e+ ai% u,i /# ml (e *alame%lenme0e%
Tam3ah(an 3u44e% &H "
Tam3ah(an K
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II./. La"#ka) ker3a
a. Pe"eta%a" kea!a)a" t&ta+
- Memi&e+ /# ml ai% u,i (e *alam e%lenme0e%
- Menam3ah(an 3u44e% &H " se3an0a( ml
- Menam3ah(an / ml K
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e( ,a tetap
Di(e+ahui :
Ml +i+%asi /.# ml
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I@. KESIMPULAN
Be%*asa%(an hasil &%a(+i(um. *a&a+ *isim&ul(an 3ah7a:
- Kesa*ahan +o+al ai% u,i : $.=!/o*H
- .!$/o*H
- Kesa*ahan +e+a& ai% u,i : ."=Fo*H
-
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I. PENDAHULUAN
I.1.Mak$! !a" t$3$a"
Ma(su* *ila(u(ann0a &%a(+i(um ini a*alah un+u( men)e+ahui me(anisme
&enu%unan (esa*ahan *alam ai% sehin))a *a&a+ memenuhi &e%s0a%a+an un+u( ai%
&%oses- A*a&un +u,uann0a a*alah se3)ai 3e%i(u+-
- Men)e+ahui me+o*e 0an) *a&a+ *i)una(an un+u( meluna((an sa*ah
- Men)e+ahui 4a(+o% ? 4a(+o% 0an) 3e%&en)a%uh +e%ha*a& &eluna(an sa*ah
- Mam&u men)analisa hasil &enu%unan sa*ah
I.2.Te&ri !aar
Ma(su* *a%i &eluna(an ai% *isini a*alah &en)hilan)an a+au &en)u%an)anion2
ion &en0e3a3 (esa*ahan *alam ai%- Kesa*ahan i% +e%u+ama *ise3a3(an oleh ion2
ion
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S&!a &!a
P%insi&n0a 0ai+u &en)en*a&an
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'i(a 1eoli+ 0an) *i)una(an +i*a( mam&u la)i un+u( menu(a%(an ion &en0e3a3
(esa*ahan.*an lo)am lo)am 0an) a*a *i *alamn0a. ma(a 1eoli+ ini *ise3u+
1eoli+ ,enuh- eoli+ ,enuh *a&a+ *i)una(an (em3ali ,i(a *i %e)ene%a%asi
men))una(an la%u+an Na
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W2M) / Na
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Hi+un) (e3u+uhan so*a (a&u% *anso*a ash
Pi&e+ "" ml ai% u,i (e *alame%lenme0e%
Masu((an so*a ash *an so*a (a&u%(e *alam e%lenme0e% +e%se3u+
Di*ih(an la%u+an selama # meni+
Din)in(an *an sa%in)
Ti+%asi 4il+%a+ *en)an la%u+an EDTA"." M
Hi+un) (e3u+uhan NaOH *anNa
/
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Pi&e+ "" ml ai% u,i (e *alam )elas &iala
Ali%(an ai% u,i melalui +a3un) 0an) 3e%isi &enu(a% ion
La(u(an se3an0a( ! (ali ali%an
Analisa ai% 0an) +elah *iali%(an *en)an la%u+an EDTA "." M
. ara %e"$kar i&" 'a+aai !a" -$ata"(
II./. La"#ka) ker3aa. ara %ea"aa" !e"#a" &!a ka%$r !a" &!a a)
- Men)hi+un) (e3u+uhan so*a (a&u% *an so*a ash sesuai *en)an
(e3u+uhan
- Memi&e+ "" ml ai% u,i (e *alam e%lenme0e%
- Memasu((an so*a (a&u% *an so*a ash 0an) +elash sesuai (e3u+uhan (e
*alam E%lenme0e%
- Di*ih(an la%u+an selama # meni+
- Men*in)in(an la%u+an (emu*ian sa%in) *en)an (e%+as sa%in)
- Meni+%asi 4il+%a+ un+u( men)e+ahui (an*un)an (esa*ahan sisan0a
*en)an me+o*e (om&le(some+%i 6 la%u+an EDTA "." M8 :
Tam3ah(an ml la%u+an 3u44e% &H " Tam3ah(an / ml K
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- Memi&e+ "" ml ai% u,i (e *alam e%lenem0e%
- Memasu((an NaOH *an Na/
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C ///,6 #;+
C /,//6 #;+
- Ke-$t$)a" 1 + C3,83304 g
1000x100ml
C ,///6 #
- Ke-$t$)a" a 'OH(2C 'a 'HO/(2( = 'M# 'HO/(2( = 'M#+2( = 'M#SO6( = 'O2(
= 'L(
C 'Sadahsementara dH
2,8=
Mg tetap dH
2,8 0
BeCa(OH)2Valensi
= 'O2( = L
C 1,568 dH2,8
= 2,464 dH2,8
0 742
= = /,6 #;+
C ', dH = , dH ( 0 / = /,6 #;+
C /,2 #;+ = /,6 #;+
C ///, #;+
C /,// #;+
- Ke-$t$)a" 1 + C3,73368g
1000x 100ml
C ,/// #
Hasil &%a(+i(um :
- Ml +i+%asi : ".F ml
- Sa*ah +e+a& +o+al : Ml +i+%asi ; N ; #.=o*H ; a(+o% &en)en5e%
: ".F ml ; "." ; #.=o*H ; """ mlC" ml
: /./Fo*H
9 Penu%unan (esa*ahan :
:Kesadahantotalkesadahan tetaptotal
kesadahantotal; "" 9
:9,632dH2,24dH
9,632dH; "" 9
:7,392dH
9,632dH; "" 9
: >=.> 9
B. ara Pe"#e"!a%a" De"#a" S&!a S&!a Na2O/!a" NaOH
- Di(e+ahui
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Sa*ah semen+a%a .#=o *H
M) +e+a& /.F=F o*H
- Ke-$t$)a" Na2O/C 'a+2( = 'aSO6( > 'a 'HO/(2( > 'M#'HO/(2( > 'O2(
C CatetapdH
2,8
( > ( Sadahsementara dH2,8
)}x BeNa2CO3valensi
5 O2
C 5,6 dH
2,8
>1,568 dH
2,8x
106
2 >
C ' 2 5 , ( 0 /
C 1,66 #rek;+ 0 /
C ,/2 #;+
C ,/2 #;+
Kare"a 3$+a) ke-$t$)a" #;+ e!ikit $"t$k e$!a)ka" %e"#a-i+a", aka !ia-i+
!ari +ar$ta" Na2O/k&"e"trai 2 #;+
@1. N1 C @2.N20 . 2 C 1 . ,/2
0 C100 .0,07632
2
C /, +
- Ke-$t$)a" NaOH C 'a 'HO/(2( = 'M# 'HO/(2( = 'M#+2( = 'M#SO6( = 'O2( =
'L(
C 'Sadahsementara dH
2,8=
Mg tetap dH
2,8 0
CBeNaOH
Valensi= 'O2( = L
C 1,568 dH
2,8
= 2,4642,8
0 401
= = /,6 #;+
C ', dH = , dH ( 0 6 = /,6 #;+
C ,6 #;+ = /,6 #;+
C /, #;+
C /, #;+
- Ke-$t$)a" 1 + C3,7508 g
1000x 100ml
C ,/ #
Hasil &%a(+i(um :
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- Ml +i+%asi : "./ ml
- Sa*ah +e+a& +o+al : Ml +i+%asi ; N ; #.=o*H ; a(+o% &en)en5e%
: "./ ml ; "." ; #.=o*H ; """ mlC" ml
: ./o*H
9 Penu%unan (esa*ahan :
:Kesadahantotalkesadahan tetaptotal
kesadahantotal; "" 9
:9,632dH1,12dH
9,632dH; "" 9
:1,12dH
9,632dH; "" 9
: .!> 9
. PENUKAR ION ALAMI
Hasil &%a(+i(um :
- Ml +i+%asi : ml
- Sa*ah +e+a& +o+al : Ml +i+%asi ; N ; #.=o*H ; a(+o% &en)en5e%
: ml ; "." ; #.=o*H ; """ mlC" ml
: #.= o*H
9 Penu%unan (esa*ahan :
:Kesadahantotalkesadahan tetaptotal
kesadahantotal; "" 9
:9,632dH5,6dH
9,632dH; "" 9
:4,032dH
9,632dH; "" 9
: F.= 9
D. PENUKAR ION BUATAN
Hasil &%a(+i(um :
- Ml +i+%asi : ". ml
- Sa*ah +e+a& +o+al : Ml +i+%asi ; N ; #.=o*H ; a(+o% &en)en5e%
: ". ml ; "." ; #.=o*H ; """ mlC" ml
: ".#=o*H
9 Penu%unan (esa*ahan :
: Kesadahantotalkesadahan tetaptotalkesadahantotal
; "" 9
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:9,632dH0,56dH
9,632dH; "" 9
:9,072dH
9,632dH; "" 9
: $F. 9
E. KESADAHAN TETAP PEMANASAN BIASA
9 Penu%unan (esa*ahan :
:Kesadahantotalkesadahan tetaptotal
kesadahantotal; "" 9
:9,632dH8,064dH
9,632dH; "" 9
:1,568dH
9,632dH; "" 9
: =./> 9
F. TABEL PERSENTASE PENURUNAN SADAH
METODE PERSENTASE '(
PEMANASAN BIASA =. />
SODA KAPUR >=.>
SODA ? SODA .!>
PENUKAR ION ALAMI F.=
PENUKAR ION BUATAN $F.
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010203040506070
8090
100
16.27
76.788.37
41.86
94.18
GRAFIK PENURUNAN SADAH
!eto"e
#ersentase ( $ )
III. DISKUSI
0102030
405060708090
100
16.27
76.788.37
41.86
94.18
GRAFIK PENURUNAN SADAH
!eto"e
#ersentase ( $ )
Be%*asa%(an &%a(+i(um &eluna(an sa*ah *en)an 3e%3a)ai ma5am me+o*e.
*i&e%oleh *a+a se3a)ai 3ei%i(u+-
Sa*ah &alin) 3an0a( hilan) *en)an men))una(an &enu(a% ion 3ua+an 0ai+u se3esa%
$F.9 se*an)(an +e%en*ah a*alah 5a%a &emanasan 3iasa +an&a +am3ahan 1a+
+e%+en+u 0ai+u se3esa% =./>9- Ka%ena &a*a &emanasan 3iasa (esa*ahan semen+a%a
men)ua& a(an +e+a&i +i*a( a*a 0an) men)en*a&(an hasil ua& +e%se3u+ (e+i(a
men,a*i em3un *an (em3ali mene+es (e *alam ai%- Be%i(u+ %ea(sin0a :
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Pa*a &eluna(an sa*ah me+o*e
so*a (a&u% &emanasan 3iasa (a%ena
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
- D%- Isminin)sih G . S- Te(s- . M-S5-. Di(+a+ T%ans&a%an+ PT /- Ban*un): Se(olah
Tin))i Te(nolo)i Te(s+il
/- - /""- eri %liah Air Proses ntk /ndstri
Tekstil. Pengolahan Limbah dan Prodksi Tekstil( Ban*un) : Se(olah Tin))i
Te(nolo)i Te(s+il
!- Ha%i0an+i Raha0u. *((-- /""=-0ahan A#ar Air Proses dan Limbah /ndstri Tekstil-
Ban*un): Se(olah Tin))i Te(nolo)i Te(s+il
F- Noe%a+i K-. S- Te(s-.M-T-. /""F- iktat Praktikm %alitas Air Proses an Air
Limbah /ndstri Tekstil- Ban*un): Se(olah Tinn)i Te(nolo)i Te(s+il
#- - Penntn Praktikm at Pembant Tekstil
-Ban*un): Se(olah Tin))i Te(nolo)i Te(s+il-