1

Large Hadron Collider

Nobel Prize 1985 for decisive contributions to the large project which discovered the W, Z boson at the UA1 experiment, CERN SPS.

Carlo Rubbia Director General of CERN 1989-1994

At the end of 1991 Carlo Rubbia has been given the o.k to the project LHC( Large Hadron Collider), the new super accelerator to develop power or millions of electron volts. According to the policy of Chinese boxes, LHC has been inserted intothe same tunnel of LEP to improve the performances and the voltage to let Europe earn time and money, before the Americans that still have to build their SSC.

2

n e

νep

Fermi TheoryBeta decay

en

νep

W-

Weak Interaction

νep

Zo

p νe

1950's

3

4

5

7+7 TeV

6

First Beam Circulation w RF Phasing

Injection phasingInjection phasingNear injection phasingNear injection phasingPoor injection phasingPoor injection phasing

Accelerator Physicist at work.Accelerator Physicist at work.Each trace indicates the position after on turn. Each trace indicates the position after on turn.

7

8

Higgs Bosons and Sparticles

•Higgs Boson field gives mass andcompletes ( or reheats) the SM.

•Supersymmetry solves the HiearchyProblem and Unification of Forces

Bosons <--> Fermions

•Mini-BH at the LHC?

9

Higgs --> γ γ Production

m2

H = P

!1+ P

!2( )

2

= 2 E!1

E!2

"!p!1

i!p!2

( )

photon

photon

toploop

H

gluon

gluon

proton

proton

t

t

t

t

10

4T Solenoid

MuonDetectors

Magnetic FieldReturn Yoke (red)

TrackerCalorimeter, ECAL/HCAL

CMS Detector

11

12

13

QuarkNet52 Centers in 25 states andPuerto Rico

500 HS Teachers150 Particle Physicist mentors100 HS Students annually

A professional developmentprogram for HS Teachers withimmersive research experiencefor HS teachers and students.

Now in its 10th year. Supportedby NSF and DOE

http://quarknet.fnal.gov/

14

Energy Amplifier - Rubbia

1000MeV 10MW p accelerator

232Th90233U92

sub-critical

Electricitygrid

n+232Th90 -> 233Th90 -β> 233Pa91-> 233U92