Late 1700sLate 1700sRevolutions and Revolutions and

HeroesHeroes

The painting, The painting, though depicting though depicting

the July Revolution the July Revolution of 1830, displays of 1830, displays

vividly the vividly the revolutionary spirit revolutionary spirit

of the era.of the era.

American Revolution

• Motivation? Liberty! • Process?

– Declaration of Independence (list of grievances) Sam Adams - “Catalog of crimes”

– War!!!– Support from?

• Results?– Articles of Confederation– Constitution– Representative Democracy

• Influence of Locke and Rousseau?• Liberties for all, with a few exceptions

• Heroes?– Washington

What is being conveyed by the artist, Gilbert Stuart?

French Revolution• Motivation? Equality!• Process?

– Economic Crisis Exacerbated by giving aid to American Colonists

– National Assembly Declaration of the Rights of Man

– Strip the king of power No more titles!!!

– Destroy the power of the Church! Same as nobility… pompous oppressors.

• Results?– Bloodshed– Guillotine and radicalism– Instability and vulnerability– Finally: Popular authoritarianism

Napoleon Bonaparte• Heroes?

– Robespierre– Marat

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Results of Napoleon’s conquests?– France Isolated– Balance of Power in Europe

Haitian Revolution• Motivation? Liberty and

Equality!!• Process?

– Inspired by French Revolution– Gen de couleur vs. white planters

• Opportunity for slaves– Napoleon sent force to regain

control and reestablish slavery• Results?

– Fields burned, crops destroyed– Whites fled or were killed– Weak, unstable economy– Political turmoil

• Heroes?– Francois Dominique Toussaint

L’Ouverture

Comparisons?