NEOCLASSICAL ART

(LATE 18th-EARLY 19th CENTURIES)

• Morally uplifting, inspire sacrifice for the state • Discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum (1748)

sparked renewed interest in classical art. • Figures depicted as classical characters with

classical virtues

Angelica Kauffman Mother of the Gracchi-depicts classical ideal of sacrificing self-interests for

the family

Jacques-Louis David Oath of the Horatii • Most prominent French Neoclassical painter • Balanced and symmetrical composition • Classical architecture-round arches • Idealized bodies resemble classical sculpture • Ilustrates ideal of self-sacrifice for the state

Jacques-Louis David Death of Marat • Marat sacrificed his life for the sake of the people • Note similarity to Michelangelo's Pieta • Jacques-Louis David became painter to Napoleon

Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques-Louis David

Jean-Antoine Houdon (late 18th century) Portrayed distinguished figures of his time Portrait of Voltaire connects him to classical figures Portrait of Washington uses contrapposto and

a mix of Roman and American symbols

Antonio Canova (early 19th century) Mythological themes reflect interest in

classicism Pauline Borghese as venus-Napoleon's

sister as a reclining classical nude

Grand Odalisque - Ingres • Recumbent nude • Mannerist elements--elongated back and twisted pose • Romantic elements--exotic subject matter • Champion of Neoclassicism • Strongly influenced by the work of Raphael

Neoclassical Architecture • Inspired by Roman architecture--

especially the Pantheon • Influenced by Palladio

Chiswick House-18th century by Lord Burlington

• Influenced by Villa Rotunda and Pantheon • Classical values of balance and symmetry

Monticello-18th century by Thomas Jefferson

• Jefferson believed that Neoclassical architecture was the best style for the new American republic.

• Influence of Pantheon and Villa Rotunda-portico, central dome and symmetry

• Neoclassical in American also called the Federal Style