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LATIN III EXAM
NOUNS:
Nominative:
• predicate nominative with passive verbs, e.g.,• appellō, fīō
Genitive:
• Possessive• quantity• partitive • with causā or grātiā• description • objective
Dative:
• possession • purpose and reference (double dative) • agent • with special adjectives, e.g., • amīcus, carus, similis• with special verbs, e.g., • imperō, pāreō, placeō, praeficiō, prōsum
Accusative:
• place to which (without prepositions) • object of prepositions, e.g., • apud• praeter • super
Ablative:
• place from which (without prepositions) • ablative absolute • description • separation • cause • SID SPACE
Locative:
• The locative case is used for names of towns, cities, small islands and the nouns domus, rus and humus and never use in or ad to indicate place where. The locative case never uses a preposition.
• Forms of the Locative Case• For first and second declensions, locatives resemble the genitive
in singular forms and the dative/ablative in the plural.
• For the third declension, the locative resembles the ablative in the locative singular and plural. Occasionally the locative singular may resemble the dative singular.
PRONOUNS:
• ipse, HIM/HERSELF• īdem; THE SAME• aliquis, SOMEONE/ANYONE• quīdam, A CERTAIN• quisque WHOEVER
ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
BONUS/BENE MELIOR/MELIUS OPTIMUS/OPTIME
MALUS/MALE PELIOR/PELIUS PESSIMUS/PESSIME
MAGNUS/MAGNOPERE MAIOR/MAIUS MAXIMUS/MAXIME
PARVUS/PAULO MINOR/MINUS MINIMUS/MINIME
MULTUS/PAULUM PLUS/PLUS PLURIMUS/PLURIMUM
CONJUNCTIONS:
• sī, • nam, • enim, • igitur, • autem, • tamen, • neque, • ut
correlatives, • sīve...sīve, • vel...vel, • nec…nec• Et…et• Neque…neque• Aut…aut• Modo…modo
ENCLITICS:
• -ne, • -que, • -ve• -cum
VERBS:
• deponents • irregular,
• fīō, mālō, volō, nōlō
• impersonal,• oportet
• irregular imperatives, • dīc, dūc, fac, fer,
indirect statement with present and past tense main verbs
subjunctive mood
• hortatory, • jussive • indirect command, • purpose clause, • result clause, • indirect question • cum clauses
gerunds and gerundives,
• Expressions of purpose • (ad, causā, grātiā)
• Active and passive periphrastic • Expression of obligation•
IDIOMS:
• vītā excēdere, • in mātrimōnium dūcere, • cōnsilium capere • in animo vertit• Iter facit• Nomen est mihi• Gratias ago tibi
III. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
GEOGRAPHY:
• notable cities, regions, mountains, rivers, and bodies of water of Italy and the ancient world,
• Naples, • Alexandria, • Gaul, • Pyrenees, • Mt. Etna, • Nile, • Aegean Sea, • Black Sea
HISTORY:• Pyrrhus, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Livia, Tiberius
GREATEST BATTLES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EARLY EMPIREYEAR PLACE WINNER LOSER
217 BC Lake Trasimene Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C.Flaminius)
216 BC Cannae Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C. Terentius Varro)
202 BC Zama Romans (Scipio Africanus) Carthaginians (Hannibal)
147 BC Carthage Romans Carthaginians
53 BC Carrhae Parthians Romans (M. Crassus)
48 BC Pharsalus Romans (Julius Caesar) Romans (Cn. Pompeius Magnus)
42 BC 2nd Philippi M.Antonius/C.Octavianus M.Junius Brutus
31 BC Actium Romans (Agrippa) Romans (M.Antonius)
AD 68-70 Jerusalem Romans (Vespasian/Titus) Jews
AD 83 Mons Graupius Romans (Agricola) Caledonians (Galgacus)
MYTHOLOGY:
• Greek and Roman heroes, • e.g., Perseus, Jason, Mucius
• Scaevola; typical Roman and Italian deities, • e.g., Janus, Vesta; origins and
• transformations, • e.g., Daphne, Pygmalion, Baucis and Philemon, Niobe
ROMAN LIFE:
• calendar terms, Kalends, Nones, Ides• Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and
was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word καλειν, “to announce” the days of the full and new moon.
• Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually occur 8 days before the Ides.
• Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of the full moon.
• Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends, Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as “Five Ides” to the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15)
• pr. (prīdiē), a.d. (ante diem); • pontifex maximus, augures; ceremonies, e.g., weddings,
funerals, triumphs
IV. LATIN IN USE
ORAL LATIN:
• e.g., Salve, salvete Hello • Quid agis? How are you? / What are you doing?• Quid est nomen tibi? What’s your name? • Vale, valete goodbye• Ita vero, Yes! • Minime, no!• Quid est? What is it? • Quis est? Who is it?• Gratias tibi ago, Thank you • Sol lucet, The sun is shining• Quota hora est? What time is it? • Adsum, I am present• Quid novi? What’s new?• plaudite omnēs; Everyone clap• mē paenitet; I’m sorry• ut bene scīs as you well know
DERIVATIVES:
co- together coauthor, coedit, coheirde- away, off; generally indicates
reversal or removal in Englishdeactivate, debone, defrost, decompress, deplane
dis- not, not any disbelief, discomfort, discredit, disrepair, disrespect
inter-
between, among international, interfaith, intertwine, intercellular, interject
non- not nonessential, nonmetallic, nonresident, nonviolence, nonskid, nonstop
post- after postdate, postwar, postnasal, postnatalpre- before preconceive, preexist, premeditate,
predispose, prepossess, prepayre- again; back, backward rearrange, rebuild, recall, remake, rerun,
rewritesub- under submarine, subsoil, subway, subhuman,
substandardtrans-
across, beyond, through Transfer, transitive, transition, transform, trans-Atlantic
EXPRESSIONS, MOTTOES, ABBREVIATIONS:
• Pyrrhic victory, • crossing the
Rubicon,• nōn sequitur, • ad hominem, • Q.E.D.• Amor omnia vincit• In vino veritas• Carpe diem
• Utile dulci• Semper fidelis• Caveat emptor• Post hoc, ergo procter
hoc• Per angusta ad augusta• Sic monumentis
requiris, circumspice• Aere perennius