Cases of Nouns

NominativeAccusative

Genitive

Dative

Ablative

Vocative

Nominative?

….doing the verb

eg..the girl spoke Latin

= puella

Accusative?

....receiving the action of the verb

eg….I saw the girl

= puellam

Dative?

….expresses to or for

eg… I bought a Christmas present for the girl

= puellae

Genitive???

……shows possession,

……..same as ‘of’

………same as ’s or s’

eg. I took the girl’s book = puellae

I took the girls’ books = puellarum

Vocative??

….used for addressing people,

……not really part of the sentence

……… only used in direct speech

eg. She said, “Girls, we have a visitor!”

= puellae

ablative

….used to show the instrument used to do the verb

……eg, Harold was killed by an arrow

= sagitta

eg, Romeo was loved by the girl

= a puella

Cases of Nouns

NominativeDoing the verb

Romeo loves Juliet

AccusativeReceiving the verbRomeo loves Juliet

Genitive‘of’

The death of Juliet

Dative‘to’, ‘for’

The apothecary gave the potion to Juliet

Ablative‘by’, ‘with’, ‘from’

Juliet was not killed by the potion

VocativeAddressing/calling someone

‘Romeo, I love you!’

1st Dec 2nd Dec 3rd Dec

Nom puella servus leo

Voc puella serve leo

Acc puellam servum leonem

Gen puellae servi leonis

Dat puellae servo leoni

Abl puella servo leone

Nom puellae servi leones

Voc puellae servi leones

Acc puellas servos leones

Gen puellarum servorum leonum

Dat puellis servis leonibus

Abl puellis servis leonibus

Are there any patterns that will help us spot which

case is which?

Adjectives like bonus have the same endings as servus / puella (1st/2nd dec)

Adjectives like fortis have the same endings as leo (3rd dec)

Which case?

• Clemens was working for his master• The slave was helping with the cooking• Metella was cleaning the chair.• The chair was the property of Caecilius.• Caecilius entered the splendid triclinium.• Caecilius’ dinner was on the table.• Caecilius gave the wine to the guest.• He said: Grumio, come here.

Which case is it?

I enter the houseThe slave gave food to the horse

The master was very fond of his parrot

I told you, Clemens, don’t go to that shop.

This is the shop of Eutychus.

Eutychus has a very splendid shop.

Some shop keepers protected their shops with gangs.

servus dedit

nominative accusative genitive dative

servus pecuniam dedit

nominative accusative genitive dative

servus pecuniam venalicio dedit

nominative accusative genitive dative

servus pecuniam domini venalicio dedit

nominative accusative genitive dative

mater mihi et amico cenam parabat

nominative accusative genitive dative

amicus Barbilli Quinto auxilium offerebat

nominative accusative genitive dative

Augustus maritum sororis non amabat

nominative accusative genitive dative

Qui

qui, quae, quod

who, which

qui

quorum quarum

quibus

quo

qua

cui

cuiusquem

quae

quos

quas

quod

singular pluraleither

qui

quorum quarum

quibus

quo

qua

cui

cuiusquem

quae

quos

quas

quod

Nom Acc Gen Dat Abl

Which part of qui?

The man, who was eating ice-cream, was happy.

The ice-cream, which the man was eating, was enormous.

The van, from which the man bought the ice-cream, was playing a tune.

The ice-cream seller, to whom the van belonged, was proud of his ice-cream.

The ice-cream, of which the seller was proud, was renowned throughout the land.

1. senex cui epistulam misisti non adest.2. da mihi equum qui celerior est.3. captivi quorum custos eram omnes effugerant.4. turba cuius clamores audire possumus irata est.5. ancilla quam omnes amant pulcherrima est.6. senex quem intrantem vidi fur erat. 7. hic est liber sine quo nihil facere possum.8. puellae quibuscum Horatia ludebat forum

intraverunt.9. ei qui fugerunt mox fessi erunt.