Acts 5:27-32

(5:27)

Ἀγαγόντες – aorist active participle ἄγω = “to direct the movement of an object

from one position to another, lead, bring, lead off, lead away; to take into

custody, lead away, arrest; to lead/guide morally or spiritually, lead, encourage

(in the direction of); to make use of time for a specific purpose, spend, observe;

to move away from a position, go” under BDAG 16a.

ἔστησαν – aorist active ἵστημι = “to cause to be in a place or position, set, place,

bring, allow to come; to propose someone for an obligation, put forward,

propose; to set up or put into force, establish; to validate something that is in force

or in practice, reinforce validity of, uphold, maintain, validate; to cause to be

steadfast, make someone stand; to specify contractually, set/fix a time; determine a

monetary amount; (intransitive, aorist and future forms) to desist from movement

and be in a stationary position, stand still, stop; to come up in the presence of

others, come up, stand, appear; to stand up against, resist; stand firm so as to

remain stable, stand firm, hold one’s ground; come to a standing position, stand

up; (intransitive perfect and pluperfect) to be in a standing position, I stand, I

stood; to be at a place, stand (there), be (there); to stand in attendance on someone,

attend upon, be the servant of; stand firm in belief, stand firm (of personal

commitment); to be in a condition or state, stand (or) be in something; (intransitive

present middle) to have a beginning, begin” under BDAG 483a. Yow.

συνέδριον, ου, τό = “a governing board, council; local council; the high council in

Jerusalem, Sanhedrin; an official session of a council, council meeting; council

meeting room, meeting room” under BDAG 967a.

ἐπηρώτησε – aorist active ἐπερωτάω = “to put a question to, ask; (of a judge’s

questioning [interrogation] in making an investigation); to make a request, ask for,

ask someone for something” under BDAG 362a.

ἀρχιερεύς, έως, ὁ = “one who serves as head priest, high priest; a priest of high

rank, chief priest” under BDAG 139a.

(5:28)

παραγγελία, ας, ἡ = an announcement respecting something that must be done,

order, command, precept, advice, exhortation” under BDAG 760a. Rare.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%205%3A27-32&version=NRSV;SBLGNT

παρηγγείλαμεν – aorist active παραγγέλλω = “to make an announcement about

something that must be done, give orders, command, instruct, direct” under

BDAG 760a.

διδάσκειν – present active infinitive διδάσκω = “to tell someone what to do, tell,

instruct; to provide instruction in a formal or informal setting, teach” under

BDAG 241a.

πεπληρώκατε – perfect active πληρόω = “to make full, fill (full); to complete a

period of time, fill (up), complete; to bring to completion that which was already

begun, complete, finish; to bring to completion an activity in which one has been

involved from the beginning, complete, finish; complete (a number, passive)”

under BDAG 827b-.

διδαχή, ῆς, ἡ = “the activity of teaching, teaching, instruction; the content of

teaching, teaching” under BDAG 241b.

βούλομαι = “to desire to have or experience something, with implication of

planning accordingly, wish, want, desire (with infinitive following); to plan on a

course of action, intend, plan, will” under BDAG 182a.

ἐπαγαγεῖν – aorist active infinitive ἐπάγω = “to cause a state or condition to be or

occur, bring on, bring something upon someone (mostly something bad)” under

BDAG 356b.

οὐ παραγγελία1

Grammatical note = Cognate Dative. The cognate dative is aligned with the verb

either with regard to the root of the word or with regard to the idea conveyed. The

cognate dative is sometimes called the “Hebraic” dative because of its affinity with

the similar construction in the Hebrew OT. In English it is often most appropriate

to translate the cognate dative with an intensifying adjective (such as “utterly”,

“fervently”, or “earnestly”; see below; cognate verbs are underlined). “We strictly

charged you not to teach in this name” (Acts 5:28, ESV). The ESV highlights the

1 {C} οὐ παραγγελία א

2 D E (Ψ οὐχί) 181 307… Byz [P] Lect (l 591 l 883 l 1356 παραγγελίαν)

ite, h, p, w

syrp, h

copsamss

eth arm… Chrysostom Cyril1/3

; Ambrosiaster Greel msacc. to Bede

.

παραγγελία 74 א* A B… itar, c, d, dem, gig, ph, ro vg copsams, bo, meg geo Cyril2/3; Lucifer NIV NRSV REB EU BJ TOB BTI DHH?

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A28&version=NRSV;SBLGNT

force of the cognate dative by translating the phrase as “strictly charged”,

emphasizing the verbal action. See KMP, 135.

Grammatical note = Consummative Perfect. Whereas the intensive use of the

perfect emphasizes the resulting state of a past action the consummative use

emphasizes the completed action that brought about the resulting state. In other

words “the accomplishment of the action is so emphasized that the resulting state is

merely the vague condition of ‘the occurrence having actually taken place on a

particular occasion or, more generally, at least once in the past”. Verbs that fit into

this category are often transitive in nature (they can take a direct object). It is

usually best to translate this type of perfect with the English present perfect

(“have/has” + past tense). For more examples of the consummative perfect see…

Acts 5:28 (πεπληρώκατε). See KMP, 299 and n48.

(5:29)

ἀποκριθεὶς – aorist passive participle ἀποκρίνομαι = “answer, reply; continue

(Hebraistically of the continuation of discourse like ענה or וּיען וּיאמר), begin, speak

up” under BDAG 113b.

πειθαρχεῖν – present active infinitive πειθαρχέω = “obey” under BDAG 791a.

Rare.

μᾶλλον = “to a greater or higher degree, more; for a better reason, rather, all the

more; (more (surely), more (certainly), how much more surely to you; marker of

an alternative to something, rather (in the sense) instead” under BDAG 613b.

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν2

Grammatical note = Verbs. Another example of discord is found when

compound subjects (at least one is singular, and together they make a plural) are

found with singular verbs. This construction was sometimes used to emphasize one

of the subjects with the second subject being less important or almost an

2 {A} ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν 74 א A B E Ψ… (307 453 1409 1678 2818

ὁ Πέτρος)… Byz [P] Lect (l 883 l 921 l 1021 l 1154 l 1977AD

ὁ Πέτρος, l 60 l 597 οἱ λοιποὶ

ἀπόστολοι) itar, c, dem, e, gig, (p), ph, ro, w

vg syrh (cop

sa, bo, meg) arm (eth) geo (slav) Basil Chrysostom;

Lucifer. ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εῖπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Dc (syr

p). ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εῖπε πρὸς αὐτούς but transpose

this phrase after ἀνθρώποις [sic] D* itd, (h)

.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A28&version=NRSV;SBLGNT

afterthought. For more examples of a compound subject with a singular verb see…

Acts 5:29 (Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν). See KMP, 192-193 and n12.

(5:30)

ἤγειρεν – aorist active ἐγείρω = “to cause someone to wake from sleep, wake,

rouse; to cease sleeping, wake up, awaken; to cause to stand up from a position

lower than that of the person rendering assistance, raise, help to rise; to move to a

standing position, rise, get up; to cause to come into existence, raise up, bring

into being; to cause to return to life, raise up; to enter into or be in a state of life as

a result of being raised, be raised, rise; to raise up from sickness, raise up =

restore to health; to change to a previous good state or condition, restore, erect

(of buildings); to move something from its position by exerting effort in

overcoming resistance, lift up; to move against in hostility, rise up; to make an

appearance, appear; in a command to evoke movement from a fixed position”

under BDAG 271b.

διεχειρίσασθε – aorist middle διαχειρίζω = “take hold of someone forcibly with

malicious intent and frequently ending in the taking of life, lay violent hands on,

murder, kill” under BDAG 240a. Very rare and only in Acts.

κρεμάσαντες – aorist active participle κρεμάννυμι = (this form of the present not in

the Greek Bible but Job 26:7 has κρεμαζω) “to cause to hang, (transitive) hang

(up); (deponent κρεμαμαι) to hand down from some point, (intransitive) hang”

under BDAG 566a.

ξύλον, ου, τό = “wood as a plant substance in unmanufactured form, wood; object

made of wood (of polytheists’ reverence for cult objects); (of a piece of wood

designed for a specific purpose) pole; club, cudgel; tree” under BDAG 685a.

Grammatical note = Participles. Means. The adverbial participle of means

answers the question “how?” the main verb was accomplished. The participle is

usually translated with the phrase “by” or “by means of”. Unlike the participle of

manner, this usage is not merely conveying the mental or emotional state someone

experienced while performing an action, but the actual way I which it was

completed. The participle usually follows the main verb. This usage is common.

For more examples of the participle of means, see… Acts 5:30 (κρεμάσαντες). See

KMP, 329 and n22.

(5:31)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A29&version=NRSV;SBLGNThttps://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A30&version=NRSV;SBLGNT

ἀρχηγός, οῦ, ὁ = “one who has a preeminent position, leader, ruler, prince; one

who begins something that is first in a series (thereby providing impetus for further

developments); one who begins or originates, (hence the recipient of special

esteem in the Greco-Roman world), originator, founder” under BDAG 138b-.

Rare.

σωτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ = “one who rescues, savior, deliverer, preserver” under BDAG

985a.

ὕψωσεν – aorist active ὑψόω = “to lift up spatially, lift up, raise high; to cause

enhancement in honor, fame, position, power or fortune, exalt” under BDAG

1045b.

δεξιός, ά, όν = “right as opposed to left in a frame of reference, right; pertaining to

being morally or spiritually correct, true” under BDAG 217b.

δοῦναι – aorist active infinitive δίδωμι.

μετάνοια, ας, ἡ = “a change of mind, repentance, turning about, conversion; (as

a turning away) turning away” under BAGD 512b.

ἄφεσις, έσεως, ἡ = “release, pardon, cancellation (of an obligation, a punishment,

or guilt)” under BAGD 125a.

Grammatical note = Locative Dative. The locative dative case is always “in”. It

indicates the position of a noun in, on, among, at, or by a given location. The

location may be literal/spatial (the “dative of place”), figurative/metaphorical (the

“dative of sphere”), or temporal (the “dative of time”). Some conflate the dative of

place and the dative of sphere into one single category, variously called “dative of

place” or “dative of space”. As mentioned, some examples adduced as “dative of

sphere” more properly belong to the rubric “dative of reference”.

Place. The dative of place pinpoints the literal physical location of a substantive in

the dative case. In English the translation must be chosen in keeping with the

appropriate preposition whether “in”, “on”, “among”, “at”, “to” or “by”. “God

exalted this man to His right hand as ruler and Savior” (Acts 5:31). See KMP,

127-128.

(5:32)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5%3A31&version=NRSV;SBLGNT

μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ = “witness” under BAGD 494a.

ῥῆμα, ατος, τό = “that which is said, word, saying, expression, or statement of any

kind; (after the Hebrew) an event that can be spoken about, thing, object, matter,

event” under BDAG 905a. So… much like דבר?

ἔδωκεν – aorist active δίδωμι.

πειθαρχοῦσιν – present active participle πειθαρχέω.

ἐσμεν μάρτυρες3

3 {B} ἐσμεν μάρτυρες 74vid א D*… (l 597 μὲν μάρτυρες) l 680… armmss eth Didymusdub.

μάρτυρές ἐσμεν A 1409 itd, gig, h, p2

vgmss

Ps-Vigilius. ἐσμεν αὐτοῦ μάρτυρες D2 E (Ψ μὲν αὐτοῦ

μάρτυρες ἐσμεν) 307… Byz [P] Lect ite, (p*)

syrh arm

mss geo slav Chrysostom. ἐν αὐτῶ ἐσμεν

μάρτυρες (B omit ἐσμεν) 945 1739 (1891 ἐσμεν ἐν αὐτῶ) copboms

Irenaeuslat

.